Washington State Department of Health Construction Review Services Steve Pennington, Plans Reviewer/ Inspector Janet Smoot, Plans Reviewer Clynn Wilkinson, Plans Reviewer 1
S-2 F-1 A B I-2 I-2 B ACF 2
Avg. 6 Fatalities annually from Fire (hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, psych.) 3
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We Regulate! 5
How life safety features developed over time See why they were/are important today Building construction types Fire Sprinkler systems Smoke compartments 6
Noncombustible structure. No auto. Sprinklers No auto. Fire alarm No smoke compartmentation 7
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Storage of Hazardous materials Automatic Sprinklers Unprotected vertical openings Firefighter equipment 10
Non combustible bearing walls combustible floors and partitions No auto. sprinklers No auto. fire alarm No smoke compartmentation No fire drills 11
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Non combustible construction Provide smoke compartmentation Provide sprinkler Provide alarms Protect vertical openings Better drills Flame retardant finishes Better oversight 13
Provide smoke compartmentation Flame retardant finishes Provide sprinklers Better drills Provide alarms 14
Permit 15
New York Baltimore National Building Code Chicago Atlanta Denver LA Memphis Standard Bldg Code Uniform Building Code International Codes (ICC) Fire Exits Factory safety NFPA Building Exits NFPA Life Safety Code NFPA 5000 1900 1940 2000 16
Sprinklers required. New construction, not existing Non-or limited combustible construction. Especially as buildings get taller. More control over finishes. Smoke compartmentation (in NFPA) 17
Better protection of vertical openings. Better drills. (Alarm, contain) Systematic, conceptual approach. 18
Design, construction and compartmentation. Provision for detection alarm and extinguishment Fire prevention and the planning, training and drilling programs for the isolation of fire, transfer of occupants to areas of refuge, or evacuation of the building. 19
No high fatality (>8) hospital fires since early 70 s. Retroactive sprinklering of combustible / limited-combustible hospitals. Combustible construction severely limited. Better control of vertical openings Smoke compartments required. Better drills NFIRS data available! 20
Noncombustible construction No auto. sprinklers Fire alarm present but not fully operable Smoke compartments Detailed staff planning 21
14 patients 22
Room 415 23
No automatic sprinklers Delayed fire alarm due to inoperability Door to room was left open Smoke compartments worked Immediate staff actions based on training saved lives. 24
Noncombustible construction Partial sprinklers Fire alarm Smoke compartments Detailed staff planning 25
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Smoke compartments work Containment works when you execute well. 28
February 26, 2003 - Greenwood Health Center in Hartford, Connecticut - killed 16 residents September 25, 2004-15 fatalities in a Nashville, Tennessee nursing home among them the mother of a local district fire chief January 19, 2004. Maryville, Tennessee, 5 residents died in a nursing home fire 29
Noncombustible structure (not protected) No auto. Sprinklers Automatic Fire alarm Smoke compartmentation Some staff training 30
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Fire Starts in Room 202 33
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Within Smoke Compartment - Doors Open 35
Within Smoke Compartment - Doors Closed 36
Inside Patient Room - Doors Closed 37
Smoke Compartments Work 38
Safe Side of Smoke Compartment 39
Fire Side of Smoke Compartment 40
No Smoke at Vents Door & GWB 41
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No automatic sprinklers Spotty staff response Door to room of origin left open Patient relocation Tried to fight fire Smoke compartments worked. When closed, corridor doors blocked smoke. 43
Retroactive installation of automatic sprinklers in all existing nursing homes. (NFPA and Federal Cert.) Renewed focus on inspections and training. 44
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9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Nursing Home Fires Hospital/Hospice Fires 46
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Hospital Nursing Home Residential Board and Care 47
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o The codes used to provide this have evolved over years of experience. o They have had a significant impact o This is why how and why, we review current projects to assure patient, staff/ public safety o Healthcare facilities have become comparatively safe. Risk varies based on type and age of the facility. 49