DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN INTRODUCTION Zensar Technologies Ltd. has developed an IT Park on Plot no 4-MIDC Kharadi, Kharadi, Pune, Maharashtra. Total Plot Area : 42,932.00 sq m FSI Area : 36,629.82 sq m. Non FSI Area Height : 6499.345 sq.m. : max 38.25 m above GL The proposed project site lies in Kharadi, Pune. The proposal pertains to the construction of 9 buildings as part of the Knowledge Park. The maximum number of floors proposed is 7, with a maximum height of building is 38.25 m. The proposed number of user s development is expected to be 4055. An emergency situation in a Knowledge park may be due to manmade hazards like fire, power outage etc. or due to natural disasters viz. earthquake, flooding etc. The objective of a Disaster Management Plan is to ensure effective mitigation plan and best possible protection of the users of the knowledge park during the occurrence of a disaster. Hazard A hazard is defined as a dangerous condition or events that threaten or have the potential for causing injury to life or damage to property or the environment is called hazard. Hazards can be categorized in various ways, but based on the origin, they worldwide are basically grouped in two broad headings:- 1. Natural Hazards (hazards with meteorological, geological or even biological origin) 2. Unnatural Hazards (hazards with human-caused or technological origin) Disaster A disaster is the product of a hazard such as earthquake, flood or windstorm coinciding with a vulnerable situation, which might include communities, cities or villages. There are two main components in this definition: hazard and vulnerability. Without vulnerability or hazard there is no disaster. A disaster occurs when hazards and vulnerability meet. Importance of Multi-hazard Management Plan Hazard identification and risk assessment is done to handle natural disasters such as floods, cyclones, landslides etc. This Disaster Management Plan is designed as per the present need and the major strategies to respond to any unexpected situation have also been considered. In the multi-hazard mitigation plan, all the disasters will be handled properly following the given procedure. The main features of the Disaster Management Plan are: It gives importance to all the disasters equally and helps to mitigate the situation beforehand. All the line authorities are assigned with their proper role and responsibilities, which are clearly indicated in this plan. 1
1. RISK ASSESSMENT AND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS 1.1. Classification of Disaster Disaster can occur at any point of time. It is essential to consider the mitigation plan and protection for all the society members during occurrence of a disaster. If the users of the buildings are aware of the actions to be taken during a disaster, then the effect of disaster can be reduced or avoided. Following types of natural disaster can occur with a prior indication or without any prior indication. Natural Disasters Natural Disasters occur naturally with or without any prior indication. a. Earthquake Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake. Building develops cracks, collapses when the intensity of earthquake is more and prolonged. Probability of Occurrence: As per the earthquake zonation of India, the proposed site falls under seismic zone III which is referred as moderate risk zone. Thus the possibility and severity of the experiencing the earthquake apparently decreases. Although there are no past records of this disaster in this region, earthquake of intensity between 5.0 and 6.9 on the Richter scale can occur in Zone III. Accordingly the measures proposed are enumerated in the section of mitigation and preparedness. b. Cloudburst and flood due to heavy rainfall A cloudburst is an extreme amount of precipitation, sometimes with hail and thunder, which normally lasts no longer than a few minutes but is capable of creating flood conditions. Sudden cloudburst can cause a flood to occur. This is one of the natural disasters. During the thunderstorms, the air mass that goes up from the lower level carries a certain amount of water in it. Sometimes that air current abruptly stops moving and the water mass falls down forcefully on the surface of earth. This natural phenomenon is known as cloudburst. Flooding may occur due to the following reasons: If the rainwater does get the access to the natural stream or municipal drains Delay in water flow from all runoff towards the natural stream like river/ creek, nallah (or sea). Slow discharge of water Flow diversion Chocked up drains or nallah. On site, at present, are two existing nallahs which are treated, one which runs along the southern boundary of the plot and one which runs through the plot. As part of the proposed development, this nallah will be partly covered, with openings for ventilation. Well designed culverts will be proposed wherever necessary. The excess treated sewage from the proposed buildings will be discharged into this nallah in the operation phase of the project. However, the proposed site does not fall in a flood prone area. 2
c. Lightning Strike Lightning can score a direct hit on a highrise building. It can strike the overhead power line which enters the building, or a main power line that is blocks away. Lightning can strike branch circuitry wiring in the walls of the building. Lightning can strike an object nearby, such as a tree or the ground itself and cause a surge. Voltage surges can be created by cloud to cloud lightning. A highly charged cloud which passes overhead can also induce a voltage surge. Buildings are protected from lightning by metallic lightning rods extending to the ground from a point above the highest part of the roof. A lightning arrester is a device used on electrical power systems and telecommunications systems to protect the insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning. The typical lightning arrester has a high-voltage terminal and a ground terminal. The conductor has a pointed edge on one side and the other side is connected to a long thick copper strip which runs down the building. The lower end of the strip is properly earthed. When lightning strikes it hits the rod and current flows down through the copper strip. These rods form a low-resistance path for the lightning discharge and prevent it from travelling through the structure itself. The proposed buildings have been designed with lightening arrestors to prevent any incidence of lightening strike. Unnatural Disasters: These kinds of disasters generally occur due to human error or negligence. d. Fire Fire is a hazard which is caused mainly due to human negligence. There are other reasons like electrical short circuit, rain water seepage in electrical installations, gas cylinder malfunctioning, or domestic gas leakage which can cause fire disaster. A full proof firefighting system is designed for the buildings which meets all fire safety norms and has a mitigation plan to tackle the fire hazard. During construction phase of the proposed project, all safety precautions will be taken to handle the fire hazard. During construction fire can break out due to following reasons: Electrical loose connection Electrical short circuit Storage of Inflammable material like diesel, paint at site From cooking gas cylinders at labour hutment Post Occupancy: The proposed project is designed with utmost care for all fire safety norms for all the buildings. The normal cause of fire in the proposed project post-occupancy is LPG cylinders, loose connection to LPG cylinders, electrical short circuit, storage of highly inflammable material like diesel, fire crackers in festival session etc. The proposed buildings will be constructed with all fire safety norms to mitigate such calamities during operation phase. Fire proof material will be used as per design for various components of the building. Electrical cables and switches will be IS (Bureau of Indian Standard) certified and will have the minimum fire rating to mitigate any fire hazard. The 3
cabling and jointing will be done by professional agencies to avoid any mistake while installation. e. Building collapse To protect against building collapse, hardening of the buildings structural systems may be required. Designers should balance the hardening of the building envelope so that the columns, walls, windows and glazing have an approximately equal response for damage/ injury. This is a multi-disciplinary effort of the architect, structural engineer, mechanical engineer and other design team members in order to achieve a balance building envelope. f. Vehicle Accidents Traffic flow to and within the site needs to be maintained so that there are no obstructions to existing traffic flow on access roads. It is also suggested to avoid road side parking. The entry/ exit to the site will be designed with adequate curvature at kerbs so that vehicles coming out/ entering the buildings do not impinge on road traffic directly. Regular maintenance and upkeep of the internal roads within project site will ensure smooth traffic flow. g. Security breach Included in this category are bomb threat, riots and vandalism. Bomb threats could be genuine or false and many a times they turn out to be a hoax. Unscrupulous elements with the intention of creating a panic tend to resort to such hoax calls. Confirmed militants however resort to such deeds with the intention of destruction and strike terror. It would therefore be prudent to first and foremost assess the genuinity of bomb threats. The threats are usually through phone calls, giving very little time to react or through mail, giving a certain date of an explosion that could occur. It is very rare that the caller will identify himself and the message sent through any messenger for fear of easy identification. h. Malfunctioning of Lifts Lifts should be designed as per NBC norms and should also adhere to fire regulations. Emergency exit door and emergency exit route should be clearly marked with a glow sign. Regular maintenance of lifts and other BMS has to be conducted. There should be a specific Committee appointed for maintaining the systems during the operation phase. Off-site Hazards Following are some other types of hazards that may be of concern to the proposed development for which effective mitigative measures need to be in place: i. Rail/Air Accidents j. Nuclear radiation hazards k. Traffic accidents along the main road artery l. Biological & Chemical hazard m. Violence outside the project site 4
2. MITIGATION AND PREPAREDNESS 2.1. Possible Emergencies / Scenarios Internal or External NATURAL CALAMITIES Earthquake SOCIAL CALAMITIES Bomb threats MANMADE EMERGENCIES : Fire Gas Leakage from LPG cylinders EMERGENCY MITIGATION PROCEDURE : Fire : 5
Do s and Don ts in case of fire : - Do not panic - Shout Fire loudly - Immediately on hearing the shouts, ascertain the location and nature of the fire - Intimate safety warden of the wing - Wing safety warden to assess the situation and break manual call point to raise alarm Ring up & inform the following : - Security - Emergency controller - Incident controller - Disaster Control Room / MIDC / Fire Dept. / Police Emergency Mitigation Procedure If you are a trained fire fighter, assess the situation, if it is safe, look out for relevant fire extinguisher & extinguish the fire, without risking own life. If you are a trained first aider, wear the visibility badges and be prepared to attend to causalities. 6
The emergency controller and the incident controller will have the security supervisor / guards to assist them to fight the fire. In addition, the emergency controller will call the Mumbai Fire Brigade and other help if the emergency is of graze nature. Emergency Mitigation Procedures : Evacuation Safety warden to guide evacuation in an orderly manner On hearing the siren in other wings the wing safety warden will guide the occupants for evacuation by following the glow signage exit routes, as per the guidance given by Incident controller. Follow fire escape route only. The emergency exit door and emergency exit route have been clearly marked with a glow sign Do not use lift and normal staircase Do not try to carry any of your belongings along with you Do care for your visitor s, take them with you Always use the handrails on stairs and do not attempt to pass others on the stairway. 7
In case fire is near fire escape / staircase or in the passage, floor warden will guide the occupants on to the proper route for evacuation. Following measures should be taken during construction to avoid fire hazard: Training of workers on fire hazards during construction Tool box talk to workers on fire hazard and dos and don ts Constant check on electrical connections No loose connection All plugs should have plug-tops ELCBs for all circuits Fire extinguishers at site at various location Regular check on cooking facilities at labour hutment by project manager Separate storage for highly inflammable material like diesel, paint. Following measures should be taken during operation phase to avoid fire hazard: To protect the building and the users from any fire hazard building will be equipped with any one or combination of following installations. Fire Hydrants Wet riser Primary firefighting line Secondary firefighting line wherever false ceiling is provided. Fire detection and alarm system Central fire store Separate water tanks of required capacity for fire fighting Easy access to fire engine during any fire hazard inside the building premises Automatic sprinklers system while smoke is detected (if required). Number of staircases in buildings and number of fire escape staircases/ lifts four staircases and twelve lifts per building has been provided. One staircase out of the two is a fire escape staircase. One lift in each core will be provided which will be a fire cum stretcher lift with a fire man s switch. As the site is located in the well-developed part of Pune, the problem of power outage is not experienced. Even though the condition occurs, a sufficient back up for DG sets is to be proposed. 8
Emergency Mitigation Procedure : Natural Calamities : EARTHQUAKE What to do DURING an earthquake? Drop, Cover, and Hold On! If you are not near a desk or table, drop to the floor against the interior wall and protect your head and neck with your arms. Avoid exterior walls, windows, hanging objects, mirrors, tall furniture, large appliances, and kitchen cabinets with heavy objects or glass. Do NOT run outside! Stop driving if you're in a safe place, and if outside, go into an open area. Don't attempt to go outside if you're not in a position to do so--you could be injured by falling debris. When the earthquake is over, be sure to wear shoes to avoid broken glass. If you smell gas, turn off the main gas line and get out of the building. And don't forget--aftershocks do occur, so don't assume the damage is done after the main shock has ended What to do AFTER an earthquake? 1. Check for injuries. Do not move a seriously injured person unless they are in immediate danger of further injuries. 2. Safety check. Check for the following hazards: Fire or fire hazards. Gas leaks: Shut off the main gas valve only if a leak is suspected or identified by the odor of natural gas. Wait for the gas company to turn it back on once the damage is repaired. Damaged electrical wiring: Shut off power at the control box. Downed or damaged utility lines: Stay away from downed lines even if power appears to be off. Fallen objects in closets and cupboards: Displaced objects may fall when you open the door. Check your telephone: Make sure each phone is on its receiver. Telephones that are off the hook tie up the telephone network unnecessarily. 1. Clean up. Clean up potentially harmful materials and/or medicines which may have spilled. 9
EVACUATION Emergency controller, incident controller and nominated fire safety wardens would play a similar role as that in case of fire. Immediate evacuation of the building will be absolutely necessary in major emergencies. During earthquake following measures should be taken: At first few seconds users should stay calm and open doors for easy access After the tremor subsides, Managing Committee shall instruct the staff for safe evacuation of the building Building Lift should not be used and main power supply should be shut Intimate the external authorities like Fire Brigade for rescue operation People who are safe should be moved out of the building to a safer relief location If people are buried in debris, relief agencies should be called for safe rescue of the people Arrange for relief and rehabilitation space Arrange for medical assistance, food. Users should not drive during earthquake Users should not move closer to any electrical pole or line while evacuation process Measures to be taken during Flood/ Cloudburst Managing committee should arrange for safe evacuation of the users Intimate the external authorities as mentioned in this plan Managing committee, Building Manager, Security personnel should guide the way towards safe evacuation of the building. Arrange for relief and rehabilitation space Arrange for medical assistance, food. Users should not drive during flood Users should not move closer to any electrical pole or line while evacuation process Switch off the main power supply of the building SOCIAL CALAMITIES : 10
The following preparedness is recommended to handle bomb threats : Try to identify the caller and take as much information as possible Inform emergency controller to call police and get their guidance for further action. The local police station to be intimated immediately on receipt of such calls. The police is trained to handle such threats and have access to special bomb detection and disposal squads. Human life is most important and on receipt of such threats, emergency controller will take a call to evacuate the site with the employees assembling at the site emergency assembly point. All employees will be clearly informed about the threats and panic will be minimized. Follow the evacuation instruction given by wing safety warden on public address system. OTHER EMERGENCIES : GAS LEAK Do s & don t in case of gas leak : If you smell gas, DO not smoke or strike matches or use mobile phone Do not turn electrical switches on or off. Do open doors & windows. Do keep people away from the affected areas. Do close burner and regulator knobs If there is a leak from the cylinder, remove the cylinder to a safer place and call for help from the nearest authorized dealer. Immediately inform the wing warden and follow his instructions. Follow the evacuations given by the wing warden or IC Evacuate the building at the earliest Emergency controller to inform fire brigade, gas agency for further guidance and action. Return to the building when normalcy is restored by EC and instructed to do so. 11
2.2. Inventory of Resources 2.2.1. Medical Equipment First Aid Kit Bandage 15 Nos (Small, Medium and large 5 each) Cotton 10 Pack One polythene wash bottle (2 x 500 ml) for washing eyes Soframycine ointment Dettol A pair of splints (350 mm x 75 mm x 6mm) 2.2.2. External agencies/authorities to be contacted Following external agencies/authorities should be intimated immediately: Table 1: List of External Agencies Sr. No Particulars Approx. Distance (km) Hospitals 1 Sakharam Kundalik Kodre Hospital 2.05 2 Inlaks and Bhudrani Hospital 5.93 3 Rajiv Gandhi Hospital 6.10 Police stations 1 Kharadi police station 0.40 2 Maharana Police station 1.19 3 Chandan Nagar Police station 1.62 Fire stations 1 Fire Brigade Station 1.92 2 Yerwada Fire Brigade Station 6.67 Following external agencies/ locations which may serve as refuge/ rehabilitation camps should be intimated: Table 2: List of Agencies/ locations serving as refuge/ rehab camps Sr. No Particulars Approx. Distance (km) Educational institutes 1 Law and B.Ed College Adjacent to site 2 Sunrise English Medium School 1.07 3 PMC School 0.32 12
Sr. No Particulars Approx. Distance (km) 4 Eon Gyanankur School 0.07 5 Nirmala Convent School 0.54 6 Dhole Patil College of Engineering 2.06 2.2.3. Emergency Procedure Emergency preparedness plan should be prepared well in advance to handle each emergency situation and disaster. All relief team members should also be trained well in advance to tackle the situation. 3. RESPONSE PLAN This section deals with identification of the Site Disaster Manager for handling disasters with clearly enumerated functions. 3.1. Line of Authority To tackle the both type of disasters it is important to form a team of line authority who will take charge during any disaster occurrence. The line authority will guide and manage the situation to provide or assist the members during the disaster. Line of authority and their responsibility are defined below: Table 3: Authority and their Responsibility Authority Chairman: Head of the authorized team Managing Committee: Users who are knowledgeable on actions to be taken during any disaster and provides helps to Chairman to take decisions. Disaster Manager: He is an independent person selected by the authorized team. He is an educate person with basic training on co-operative management with administrative skills. Security Staff: They are building security staff engaged by the society managing committee. Responsibility Will lead the working staff during disaster to take actions and to protect themselves. Will contact local Police, Hospital, Fire Brigade, NGOs and other relief agencies To provide help to the Chairman to decide actions during disaster To train and educate the users and rescue team To supervise the relief and rehabilitation process Independently handles the relief measures and rehabilitation process as advised by the authorized team. Will coordinate with external agencies as advised by the Chairman. Are trained on Dos and Don ts during a disaster. Will guide the staff during disaster occurrence as directed by the authorized team. Will ensure safety and security of the staff and belongings during the disaster 13
4. Control Room 4.1. Control Room for disaster management Control Room plays an important role in emergency response, rescue and relief. A specific area has to be earmarked to function as a Control Room for disaster management. A Control Room responds immediately during an emergency situation and is equipped with State of the Art communication equipment which enables it to communicate quickly to the affected area and provide immediate support during the Golden Hour of the disaster. This room should also consist of announcing system, fire extinguishers, smoke detectors and sensors. Following is a list of facilities/ utilities that may be provided in the Control Room: Reception Room Waiting Room Display Room Facility Management Room (with toilets) Rest Room (with toilets) Ladies and Gents Toilet Rooms Pantry Room Electric Room Apart from the above mentioned facilities, additional facilities which may be provided are as shown below: Garden Fire Fighting System Parking Generator 4.2. Display Security Cabin and main gates Electric and Transformed Room Display proper maps- Telephone nos. of disaster controlling authorities showing Fire Fighting equipment s, Refuge floors, Sprinkler System etc. Display evacuation plan in times of disaster. Prepare and disseminate pamphlets on each disaster for occupants covering Do s and Don ts for each type of disaster. 5. ONSET OF DISASTER 5.1. Actions to be taken during Disaster Action to be taken during disaster depends on nature of disaster i.e. where prior indication of disaster occurrence is there and where there is no prior indication and disaster happens all of a sudden. First Response Procedure (F.R.P) Chairman, Authorized team members, Team Manager, Security staff will have to be quickly responsive to the disaster. It s important to keep cool and patience during the disaster. No panic 14
should be created and relief members should understand the gravity and importance of the situation and guide the staff to a safer place and provide relief. It is important that Chairman or designated Team Member intimates all the external agencies at once about the disaster. Apart from external authorities, internal authorities like Chairman, Authorized Team members, Building Manager, Security staff should be aware of the situation and relief measures to be taken. On occurrence of a disaster, the Site Disaster Manager will take the following actions: Intimating and give guidance over public address system to the staff about the disaster. Prepare an instant mitigation plan and intimate all concerned. Network with State, district and ward level control rooms Ensure adequate warning before switching off power Guide the staff on safe evacuation process. Evacuate the staff to a safer place. Assure occupants of continuous communication and take all measures to keep up their morale. Guide occupants on the steps being taken for evacuation in a systematic manner. Take steps to Reduce/eliminate panic. Liaise with Law & Order machinery Intimate all external agencies like Police, Hospital, and Fire Brigade, NGOs about the likelihood of occurrence and evacuation plan and seek help. When prior indication is not there and disaster happens all of a sudden following actions will be taken. At this situation only relief and rehabilitation will have to be done as soon as possible. Take relief measures Provide medical help Provide safe access to rehabilitation camp Provide food and drinking water Intimate all external agencies like Police, Hospital, and Fire Brigade, NGOs about the evacuation plan well in advance. 6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES As per the CFO NOC, regular inspection of the equipment and systems provided to be carried out. Assembly points marked and displayed at regular intervals Mock drills undertaken regularly to train the occupants for emergency. Following could be suggested to build for Structural and Material Requirement: Table 4: Suggestions for Structural and Material Requirement Sr. No. Structure/ Material Quantum (if applicable) Purpose 1 Perimeter Walls 10 tall with fencing All around the project For access control 15
Sr. No. Structure/ Material Quantum (if applicable) Purpose 2 Perimeter floodlighting Every 75 m For intrusion control 3 Metal Detector gates One per human entry point For access control 4 Hand-held metal detectors Two per entry point For access control 5 Speed breakers along the vehicle access route/ ramp Suitably placed 6 Traffic blinker lights At each entry/ exit to the complex and each car park entry/ exit and turns 7 Reflector mirrors at turning along the vehicle approaches 8 Fire Extinguishers (Different types) CO 2 and Foam types in the parking and a mix of all types in all the buildings Each turn and entry/ exit of the car parks at each level As per CFO requirement Accident prevention Accident prevention Accident prevention For firefighting Training & Demonstration Conducted As Per Schedule For First Aid & Rescue 16
Public address system for evacuation Mock Drills at site Demonstration for fire extinguisher 17
Environment Management Committee Occupants after evacuation at assembly points An Environment Management Committee consisting of core staff including an environmental engineer, mechanical/electrical /civil engineer etc. will be set up. This body will oversee, inspect, co-ordinate and implement the entire environmental aspects of the proposed IT park development. All the members of the Committee will be given specialized training to take care of operation and maintenance, firefighting and emergency operations. Periodically there will be refresher courses to update the preparedness and technology. There are also be mock rehearsals and regular exercises in the operation of emergency services undertaken. It is be mandatory to provide DG set backup to all Pollution Control Devices. This Committee will meet at least once in a month and consider all issues affecting the environment. It will inspect the works frequently and take quick decisions to correct them. The Committee will consider the short-comings in all situations and take immediate actions to implement remedial actions at once. The Members would take immediate action to mitigate any mismanagement. 18