University of Malaya From the SelectedWorks of Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin 2008 Effect of post composting on vermicompost of spent mushroom substrate Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin Available at: https://works.bepress.com/adiainurzaman/22/
Effect of post composting on vermicompost of spent mushroom substrate By Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. e-mail : conquer_vx@hotmail.com
Part 1 Introduction 1.1. Vermicomposting 1.2. Composting 1.3. Spent mushroom substrate 1.4. Objectives of study
1.1. Vermicomposting Cost effective & natural method ph 5.5 8.7 Shorter Duration Vermicomposting Temperature 25 C-30 C Produced Better End Product ; Vermicompost 40% - 45% moisture content
1.2. Composting Aerobic / Anaerobic 30 to 40 days Utilize microorganisms Composting humus known as compost Temperature 60 C and reduce to 25-30 C Produced - Methane Gas (under anaerobic condition) CO2 and H2O
1.3. Spent mushroom substrate fiber protein Nutrient rich organic by product of mushroom industry cellulose Chemical Composition Utilize microorganisms lignin dry matter Spent mushroom substrate Wood saw dust (usually use for King oyster mushroom) Primary source Directly dispose (open burning / landfill) Straw or corn cobs Cotton waste
1.4. Objectives of study Determine the effect of post composting on vermicompost of spent mushroom Objectives of study Vermicomposting as alternative methods in manage organic waste (spent mushroom) Changes of macronutrient elements in compost produced
Part 2 Materials & Methods 2.1. Experimental design 2.2. Macronutrients analysis 2.3. Statistical analysis
2.1. Experimental design WORM BIN (45cm x 30cm x 30cm) T1 - cow dung : spent mushroom (80:20) T2 - cow dung : spent mushroom (60:40) T3 - cow dung : spent mushroom (50:50) T4 - cow dung : spent mushroom (40:60) T5 - cow dung : spent mushroom (20:80) PRE COMPOSTING (21 days / 3 weeks) 60 Weighted mature earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) VERMICOMPOSTING (49 days / 7 weeks) Mineral Water (to maintain moisture content at 50% to 60%) VERMICOMPOST MACRONUTRIENT ELEMENTS ANALYSIS POST COMPOSTING (140 days / 20 weeks) COMPOST
2.2. Macronutrients analysis The nutrient parameters of vermicompost produced after experiments were analyzed by using standard method. Organic carbon, C : Partially-oxidation method. Nitrogen, N : Kjeldahl digestion. Phosphorus, P : Colorimetric. Potassium, K : Ignition method using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. C/N ratio : Calculation.
2.3. Statistical analysis SPSS 11.0.1 (Standard Version) computer software package. Regression coefficient : Analyze the relationships of macronutrient elements (organic carbon, N, P, K and C:N ratio) between vermicompost in week 10 and compost in week 30.
Part 3 Results & Discussion 3.1. Macronutrients element 3.2. Statistical analysis
3.1. Macronutrients elements Table 1: The nutrient elements of vermicompost and compost in different treatments and durations C:N ratio : below 20 is indicative of acceptable maturity 15 or lower being preferable Morais and Queda (2003). MACRO NUTRIENT ELEMENT 10 th WEEKS* TREATMENT / DURATION T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 30 th WEEKS** 10 th WEEKS* 30 th WEEKS** 10 th WEEKS* C (%) 16.88 12.3 23.51 23.1 23.96 18.9 19.66 10.7 32.14 29.5 N (%) 1.90 1.18 1.46 0.94 1.75 1.19 0.94 0.93 0.87 0.68 P (%) 0.57 0.41 0.38 0.31 0.46 0.31 0.24 0.25 0.23 0.21 K (%) 2.74 1.68 1.43 0.94 1.39 0.63 0.67 0.47 0.40 0.35 C:N 8.9 10.4 16.1 24.6 13.7 15.9 20.9 11.5 36.9 43.4 30 th WEEKS** 10 th WEEKS* 30 th WEEKS** 10 th WEEKS* 30 th WEEKS** Note : T 1 - Cow dung : Spent mushroom (80:20) T 2 - Cow dung : Spent mushroom (60:40) T 3 - Cow dung : Spent mushroom (50:50) T 4 - Cow dung : Spent mushroom (40:60) T 5 - Cow dung : Spent mushroom (20:80) * - vermicomposting ** - composting
Organic carbon loss : loss of organic carbon as CO2 (Tajbakhsh et al, 2008) the presences of earthworms in seven weeks vermicomposting promote such microclimatic condition in vermireactors (Suthar, 2006) which enhanced the loss of organic carbon from substrate through microbial respiration. Deficit of N : flush of water soluble material increased demand by the microorganisms Deficit of P & K : leaching of soluble elements by excess water also happened in vermicomposting of paper pulp mill sludge & coffee pulp
3.2. Statistical analysis Table 2: Paired samples correlations of macronutrient elements concentrations in different duration Macronutrient elements Mean n Std Std Error Correlation Sig. Deviation Mean C week 10 th - C week 30 th 4.3300 5 3.17233 1.41871.932.021 N week 10 th - N week 30th.40000 5.290947.130115.899.038 P week 10 th - P week 30 th.07800 5.075961.033971.959.010 K week 10 th - K week 30 th.51200 5.410207.183450.972.005 C/N week 10 th - C/N week 30 th -1.8600 5 6.93996 3.10364.864.059 Note : n (number of treatment; T 1, T 2, T 3, T 4 & T 5 ) The is a significant correlation of all micronutrient elements (organic carbon, N, P, & K) between vermicompost in week 10 and compost in week 30. Indicating that post composting after 10 weeks of vermicomposting reduced the macronutrient elements. Therefore, obliquely decrease the quality of compost produced.
Part 4 Conclusion
4.0. Conclusion Vermicomposting of cow dung and spent mushroom substrate in seven weeks is sufficient to produce better vermicompost than continuing the process with 20 weeks of post composting. Although longer duration would able to enhance the decrement of organic carbon content but same situation also happened to N which directly influences the quality of vermicompost produced in maturity aspect that represented by C:N ratio of all vermicompost. The duration and quality of vermicomposting is better than composting particularly in vermicompost production.
Acknowledgement MIF Sdn. Bhd. for consultation of vermicomposting, biotechnology lab in UM for fully support of spent mushroom substrate collections. This work financially supported by the IPPP, UM under PJP Vot (FS302 2008A) managed by UPDiT.
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