Country Report for Fiji

I I E C International Institute for Energy Conservation Northern Marianas Country Report for Fiji Palau Guam Federated States of Micronesia Marshall Islands Kiribati Papua New Guinea Nauru Solomon Islands Tuvalu Tokelau Cook Islands French Polynesia Vanuatu Samoa American Samoa Wallis and Futuna Fiji Tonga Niue Pitcairn New Caledonia Technical Analysis of Appliance Markets to Support the Pacific Appliance Labelling and Standards (PALS) Programme Prepared for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP) By International Institute for Energy Conservation Asia (IIEC Asia) 12 th Floor, United Business Center II Building, 591, Sukhumvit Road Wattana, Bangkok 10110, THAILAND November 2012 Data submitted herein is intended for the sole use of the Client in evaluating the Consultant s offer and is considered proprietary to the Consultant. Pages containing this proprietary data are annotated with reference to this paragraph

CONTENTS 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS... 1 2 INTRODUCTION... 2 2.1 Country Background... 2 2.2 Objective... 2 3 FINDINGS... 3 3.1 Import Statistics... 3 3.2 Market Characteristics... 9 3.3 Energy Labels... 10 3.4 Information Gaps... 11 4 CONCLUSION... 12 5 ANNEX COUNTRY DATA SHEETS... 13 6 REFERENCES... 17 FIGURES Figure 3.1 Import Value (FJD) per Year for Freezers and Refrigerators... 3 Figure 3.2 Annual Percentage Breakdown of Refrigerator Imports by Country of Origin (based on import value)... 4 Figure 3.3 Annual Percentage Breakdown of Freezer Imports by Country of Origin (based on import value)... 4 Figure 3.4 Import Value (FJD) per Year for Air Conditioners (All Sizes)... 5 Figure 3.5 Annual Percentage Breakdown of Air Conditioner (All Sizes) Imports by Country of Origin (based on import value)... 5 Figure 3.6 Import Value (FJD) per Year for Domestic Dish Washing Machines... 6 Figure 3.7 Annual Percentage Breakdown of Domestic Dish Washing Machine Imports by Country of Origin (based on import value)... 6 Figure 3.8 Import Value (FJD) per Year for Electric Fans... 7 Figure 3.9 Annual Percentage Breakdown of Electric Fan Imports by Country of Origin (based on import value)... 7 Figure 3.10 Import Value (FJD) per Year for Fluorescent Lamps and Other Lamps... 8 Figure 3.11 Annual Percentage Breakdown of Fluorescent Lamps by Country of Origin (based on import value)... 8 Figure 3.12 Annual Percentage Breakdown of Other Lighting by Country of Origin (based on import value)... 9 Figure 3.13 Electrical Appliance Shop in Fiji with Singaporean Energy Labels for Air Conditioner (left) and Refrigerator (right)... 10 Figure 3.14 Electrical Appliance Shop in Fiji with Aus/NZ and US Energy Star Energy Labels... 11 November 2012 i

TABLES Table 2.1 General Information on Fiji... 2 Table 3.1 Brand and countries of manufacture of most common electrical appliances in Fiji... 9 Table 3.2 Proportion of Electrical Appliances with Energy Labels... 10 Table 5.1 Import Value (FJD) Per Year... 13 Table 5.5 Percentage Breakdown of Imports by Country of Origin (based on import value) for 2006 and 2007... 14 Table 5.5 Percentage Breakdown of Imports by Country of Origin (based on import value) for 2008 and 2009... 15 Table 5.5 Percentage Breakdown of Imports by Country of Origin (based on import value) for 2010... 16 November 2012 ii

1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Technical Analysis of Appliance Markets to Support the Pacific Appliance Labeling and Standards (PALS) Programme covers 17 Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs). The report and research were conducted by Mr. Sommai Phon-Amnuaisuk and Mr. David Morgado from the International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC). It was prepared for the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP) with overall guidance from Mr. Tom Thorsch Krader. The IIEC would like to show its appreciation for the kind support and contributions from the PALS country focal point (Mrs. Navinita Chand), retailers and wholesalers in Fiji, the Secretariat for the Pacific Community and the Fiji Bureau of Statistics (Mrs. Lilieta). November 2012 1

2 INTRODUCTION 2.1 Country Background Neighbouring Countries Capital City Currency Population Size (habitants) Number of Households Table 2.1 General Information on Fiji Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Tuvalu, Wallis & Futuna, Tonga, Samoa, Niue, New Zealand and Australia Suva Electrification Rate (%) 72% Status of S&L Scheme Source: Fiji Bureau of Statistics; SPC, 2011 2.2 Objective Fijian Dollar (FJD) 837,271 (2007 Census) 144,239 (1996 Census) Fiji has a Minimum Energy Performance Standards and Labelling (MEPSL) Programme based on the Australian/New Zealand S&L Programme. The cabinet approved the MEPSL Program to be mandatory for freezers and refrigerators in Fiji effectively from the 1 st of January 2012. The program is likely to be extended to other electrical appliances at a later stage. The objective of this study is to analyse the characteristics of major appliance and lighting products and markets in Fiji, in order to inform and support decision making on the most effective Standards & Labelling (S&L) strategy for Fiji. The study focuses on the following electrical appliances: Refrigerators Freezers Air Conditioners Lamps including incandescent, linear fluorescent and compact fluorescent Televisions Other relevant products. November 2012 2

3 FINDINGS 3.1 Import Statistics The electrical appliance information presented in this section is based on data provided by the Fiji Bureau of Statistics and covers the most common electrical appliances in the country. The Figures below show the total annual import value (FJD) of each type of electrical appliance imported into Fiji from 2006 to 2010 as well as the respective share according to country of origin 1. There was no customs data covering incandescent lamps, televisions, domestic washing machines and electric water heaters. The customs data for 2009 and 2010 is provisional and 2011 data was not available. This report provides analysis on the country of origin of electrical appliances based on import value and import unit data. Using number of units imported is a more accurate way of determining the market share of each country as the import value share is influenced by exchange rates and equipment costs, i.e. the average electrical equipment import value from Australia/New Zealand and Europe are typically higher than that of the People s Republic of China (China). Note also that all customs departments are focus on determining the value of the imported electrical appliances for taxation purposes and therefore the number of units is not usually a priority or correctly indicated by the supplier and/or customs officer, especially with regard to small electrical appliances such as lamps. An on-site survey was conducted to enable a better assessment of the most adequate S&L programme for Fiji (see section 3.2 and 3.3). 3.1.1 Refrigerators and Freezers The import value of refrigerators reached a low point in 2009 after a gradual decrease since 2006, yet it bounced back in 2010 reaching its highest value since 2006 with 6.8 million FJD (Figure 3.1). The import value of freezers doubled from 2006 to 2007 and since then remained at approximately 1.1 million FJD per year. Figure 3.1 Import Value (FJD) per Year for Freezers and Refrigerators 1 Country from which the electric appliance was imported. Different from country of manufacture. E.g. Appliance can be manufactured in Thailand but imported through Singapore. November 2012 3

Based on import value data from 2006 to 2010, an average 42% of refrigerators were imported from New Zealand, 14% from Australia, 12% from China and 11% from Singapore (Figure 3.2). The import value of refrigerators sourced from China and Thailand gradually increased from 2006 to 2010, while the imports from Australia and New Zealand slowly decreased since 2007. In 2010, New Zealand had an import share of 31%, followed by China with 22%. Figure 3.2 Annual Percentage Breakdown of Refrigerator Imports by Country of Origin (based on import value) For freezers, the combined import value share of Australia and New Zealand remained relatively stable from 2006 to 2010, with a combined average of 52%. The import value of freezers from China fluctuated from 14% in 2006 to 42% in 2008, with an average 30% from 2006 to 2011 (Figure 3.3). Note that the share from China, for both refrigerators and freezers, is likely to be higher assuming that the Chinese refrigerators will have a lower import value than those originating from Australia and New Zealand. Figure 3.3 Annual Percentage Breakdown of Freezer Imports by Country of Origin (based on import value) 3.1.2 Air Conditioners The import value of air conditioners slowly decreased from 6.9 million FJD in 2006 to 5.9 million FJD in 2010 (Figure 3.4). Majority of air conditioners were imported from China and Japan based November 2012 4

on import value data from 2006 to 2010 (Figure 3.5). On average, 27% of air conditioners were imported from Japan, 21% from China, followed by New Zealand and Singapore with 15% each. Figure 3.4 Import Value (FJD) per Year for Air Conditioners (All Sizes) Figure 3.5 Annual Percentage Breakdown of Air Conditioner (All Sizes) Imports by Country of Origin (based on import value) 3.1.3 Domestic Dish Washing Machines The import value for household dish washing machines fluctuated from 2006 to 2010 with a low of 0.16 million FJD in 2006 and 2009 and a high of 0.25 million in 2010 (Figure 3.6). November 2012 5

Figure 3.6 Import Value (FJD) per Year for Domestic Dish Washing Machines From 2006 to 2008, based on import value, more than 80% of dish washing machines were imported from both New Zealand and Australia (Figure 3.7). However, since 2008, this share of Australian/New Zealand imports decreased due to increasing imports from China and other countries. In 2010, New Zealand had a share of 32% of dish washing machine imports, followed by China with 26%, other countries (Mexico and Malaysia) with 25% and Australia with 17%. Figure 3.7 Annual Percentage Breakdown of Domestic Dish Washing Machine Imports by Country of Origin (based on import value) 3.1.4 Electric Fans As shown by Figure 3.8, the import value of electric fan varies significantly on an annual basis, ranging from 1.4 million FJD in 2009 to 2.8 million FJD in 2008 and 2010. November 2012 6

Figure 3.8 Import Value (FJD) per Year for Electric Fans From 2006 to 2010, the majority of electric fans were sourced from Australia (average 40%) and China (average 25%), with minor annual fluctuations around +/-10%. In 2010, China had an electric fan import share of 35% followed by Australia with 32% and New Zealand with 11%. Figure 3.9 Annual Percentage Breakdown of Electric Fan Imports by Country of Origin (based on import value) 3.1.5 Lighting Appliances Figure 3.10 indicates there was a significant, yet gradual, increase in other lighting 2 appliance imports from 2006 to 2010, while the imports of fluorescent lamps increased slightly during the same period. There is no data available on the import of incandescent lamps and it is likely that the customs department in Fiji considers these under the harmonized system code for other 2 Other lighting includes ballasts for fluorescent lamps and other lamps not classified under other harmonized codes. This code could potentially include compact fluorescent lamps although these are more likely to be covered under the harmonized system code for fluorescent lamps. See section on harmonized system codes in the main report for more details. November 2012 7

lighting appliances. Data on incandescent lamps would help determine if there has been a successful phase-out of these lamps in Fiji against more energy efficient lighting such as linear fluorescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). Furthermore, there is no international harmonized system code for CFLs and therefore it is not possible to determine the market penetration of these appliances. Therefore, it might be advantageous, under the PALS Programme to identify a single harmonized system code for CFLs in the Pacific region for future analysis. Figure 3.10 Import Value (FJD) per Year for Fluorescent Lamps and Other Lamps Based on import value data for fluorescent lamps from 2006 to 2010, there is a wide variety of countries of origin (Figure 3.11). On average, 34% fluorescent lamp imports originated from other countries (particularly Malaysia and to lesser extent India), followed by China with 21%, Australia with 17% and New Zealand with 15%. Figure 3.11 Annual Percentage Breakdown of Fluorescent Lamps by Country of Origin (based on import value) For other lighting, majority of other lighting imports are sourced from Australia with a 45% share of imports from 2006 to 2010 (Figure 3.12). However, since 2007, the share of Australian imports fell from 60% in 2007 to only 23% in 2010. This fall in imports is a result of increased imports from India and Malaysia. November 2012 8

Figure 3.12 Annual Percentage Breakdown of Other Lighting by Country of Origin (based on import value) 3.2 Market Characteristics The data presented in this section is based on an electric appliance survey of three major retailers and wholesalers in Suva, Fiji, conducted by IIEC from April to July 2012. The data gathered includes information on appliance brands, country of manufacture, and complements existing customs data presented in Section 3.1. Note that information of electrical appliance brands and country of manufacture is not comprehensive. The country of manufacture of certain appliances is not easily identifiable and in some cases could only be identified through the product s user manual. Table 3.1 Brand and countries of manufacture of most common electrical appliances in Fiji Electrical Appliance Brand Countries of Manufacture Air Conditioners (all sizes) Domestic Washing Machines Kelvinator, Maxton, LG, Hisense Whirlpool, Simpson, Samsung, Akira, Maxton, Toshiba, LG, Akira, Fisher & Paykel, Haier and Sharp China, Thailand India, China, Thailand Electric Fans Heller, Orient China, India Freezers Refrigerators Televisions Simpson, Westinghouse, Kelvinator, Whirlpool, Sharp, Euro, Maxton, Haier, Hisense, LG, Fisher & Paykel Simpson, Westinghouse, Kelvinator, Whirlpool, Sharp, Euro, Daewoo, Fisher & Paykel, Haier, Akira, Hisense Samsung, Vivo, LG, Sharp, Toshiba, Maxton, Philips, Akira, Hisense India, China, New Zealand, Thailand India, South Korea, New Zealand, Thailand, China Indonesia, China, Malaysia, Hungary, Thailand Table 3.1 identifies a range of international brands and the countries of manufacture are mostly China, India and Thailand. November 2012 9

3.3 Energy Labels The data presented in this section is based on electric appliance survey responses from three major retailers and wholesalers in Suva, Fiji, conducted by IIEC from April to July 2012. The objective of the survey was to compile information on the proportion of energy labels for each type of electrical appliance and the respective country of origin of these labels. Table 3.2 only provides information on the electrical appliances which had affixed any type of energy label. Photographs of energy labels on electrical appliances in wholesaler and retailer shops in Samoa are shown in Figure 3.13 and Figure 3.14. Electrical Appliance Air Conditioners (all sizes) Domestic Washing Machines Table 3.2 Proportion of Electrical Appliances with Energy Labels % with Energy Labels Types of Energy Label 75-100% Majority had Singaporean Energy Label. All LG air conditioners had Singaporean Energy Label <10% of air conditioners with Aus/NZ Energy Label. 50% Of those with energy labels, 70% to 80% had Aus/NZ Energy Label. All appliances from Fisher & Paykel, Haier, Akira and Hisense had Aus/NZ Energy Label 26% to 50% of Akira appliances had Chinese Energy Label All LG appliances had Singaporean Energy Label Freezers 76-100% 80% to 95% of refrigerators had Aus/NZ Energy Label. 0% to 25% of Akira branded refrigerators have Aus/NZ Energy Labels, while all appliances from Fisher & Paykel, Haier and Hisense have Aus/NZ Energy Labels Refrigerators 76-100% 80% to 95% of refrigerators had Aus/NZ Energy Label. 26% to 50% of Akira branded refrigerators had Aus/NZ Energy Labels, while all appliances from Fisher & Paykel, Haier and Hisense had Aus/NZ Energy Labels Televisions 51% - 75% Hisense branded televisions had Aus/NZ Energy Labels, Akira branded televisions had Chinese Energy Labels and LG televisions had Singaporean Energy Labels Although the S&L programme is mandatory for refrigerators and freezers since January 2012, there are still a number of refrigerators and freezers without Aus/NZ Energy Label prior to 2012 or have other energy labels such as US Energy Star or Singaporean Energy Labels. Figure 3.13 Electrical Appliance Shop in Fiji with Singaporean Energy Labels for Air Conditioner (left) and Refrigerator (right) November 2012 10

Figure 3.14 Electrical Appliance Shop in Fiji with Aus/NZ and US Energy Star Energy Labels 3.4 Information Gaps This section summarizes the identified information gaps on electrical appliances in Fiji. The data presented in this report is based on electrical appliance survey responses of three major wholesalers and retailers shops as well as available customs data in Fiji. This report does not cover electrical appliances imported privately. As highlighted in Section 3.1, the main information gaps in the customs data provided are related to incandescent lamps, televisions, domestic washing machines and electric water heaters. The customs data gathered by the Fiji Bureau of Statistics should be further improved to enable data compilation on the electrical appliances mentioned. For example, each customs department in the Pacific has a different interpretation of the international harmonized systems codes (>20 codes) for television appliances. Therefore it is challenging to analyse the television import statistics under one single harmonized code. Furthermore, there is a clear need for improvement in customs data compilation to differentiate between linear and compact fluorescent lamps to better evaluate the impact and market penetration of CFLs in the country. November 2012 11

4 CONCLUSION Based on the analysis of the electrical appliances customs data for the period of 2006 to 2010 and the wholesaler and retailer shop surveys conducted from April to July 2012, the large majority of the electrical appliances imported into Fiji, particularly high energy consuming appliances such as refrigerators, freezers and air conditioners are sourced from Australia and New Zealand. However, the import share of both Australia and New Zealand has been decreasing for most electrical appliances covered under this report and an increasing number of appliances originate from China and other countries. Therefore, the S&L programme for Fiji needs to take into account market demand and supply trends, as well as a range of other factors bearing on the design and effectiveness of S&L programmes. Furthermore, it should allow for the energy efficient appliances to enter the market at an affordable price, irrespective of origin or manufacture. Finally, in order to further improve customs data compilation and analysis of market penetration of CFLs, in Fiji and the Pacific Region, a single harmonized system code for the Pacific region should be discussed and established to enable a clear evaluation of the market uptake of CFLs in the future. November 2012 12

5 ANNEX COUNTRY DATA SHEETS Table 5.1 Import Value (FJD) Per Year Electrical Appliance 2006 2007 2008 2009 1 2010 1 (Linear) Fluorescent Lighting 350,326 215,365 470,501 402,820 853,564 Air Conditioners (all sizes) 6,924,255 6,643,039 6,338,009 6,429,002 5,915,415 Domestic Dish Washers 160,725 230,949 196,797 157,334 254,154 Domestic Washing Machines - - - - - Electric Water Heaters - - - - - Electric Fans 2,624,005 1,733,670 2,846,914 1,452,050 2,777,950 Freezers 496,888 1,017,392 1,212,653 1,129,900 967,055 Incandescent Lighting - - - - - Other Lighting 78,516 55,736 109,236 135,289 167,138 Refrigerators 6,402,162 5,511,295 5,050,025 3,481,973 6,817,025 Televisions - - - - - Note Large difference between annual values might indicate bulk purchase of appliances by wholesalers, retailers or private companies, assuming no change in customs department interpretation of harmonized system codes. The (-) sign indicated information was not available. 1 - Provisional data Septem ber 2012 13

Australia New Zealand China Hong Kong Japan Singapore South Korea Thailand United States Others Australia New Zealand China Hong Kong Japan Singapore South Korea Thailand United States Others Technical Analysis of Appliance Markets to Support Table 5.2 Percentage Breakdown of Imports by Country of Origin (based on import value) for 2006 and 2007 2006 2007 Electric Fans Air Conditioners (All Sizes) Refrigerators Freezers Dish Washing Machines Other Lighting (Linear) Fluorescent Lamps 40% 11% 23% 7% 0% 6% 0% 3% 2% 8% 38% 11% 32% 2% 0% 5% 0% 2% 2% 7% 13% 18% 14% 2% 36% 12% 0% 1% 0% 3% 7% 25% 11% 8% 27% 20% 0% 1% 0% 1% 26% 42% 9% 4% 0% 6% 1% 7% 0% 4% 22% 52% 5% 2% 0% 8% 1% 4% 0% 5% 33% 23% 14% 0% 0% 3% 0% 9% 5% 13% 42% 19% 33% 3% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 1% 62% 35% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 1% 43% 46% 0% 0% 0% 8% 0% 0% 0% 3% 46% 29% 16% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 3% 5% 60% 22% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 5% 9% 22% 11% 29% 0% 0% 2% 0% 9% 0% 27% 21% 11% 33% 8% 0% 0% 0% 6% 1% 20% November 2012 14

Australia New Zealand China Hong Kong Japan Singapore South Korea Thailand United States Others Australia New Zealand China Hong Kong Japan Singapore South Korea Thailand United States Others Technical Analysis of Appliance Markets to Support Table 5.3 Percentage Breakdown of Imports by Country of Origin (based on import value) for 2008 and 2009 2008 2009 Electric Fans Air Conditioners (All Sizes) Refrigerators Freezers Dish Washing Machines Other Lighting (Linear) Fluorescent Lamps 46% 14% 15% 4% 0% 6% 0% 3% 5% 7% 47% 13% 20% 1% 3% 5% 0% 2% 1% 9% 5% 11% 22% 10% 24% 22% 0% 2% 0% 4% 8% 6% 28% 6% 25% 10% 0% 8% 0% 9% 14% 47% 9% 1% 0% 11% 0% 4% 8% 7% 5% 44% 13% 4% 2% 16% 0% 5% 1% 10% 31% 13% 42% 0% 0% 0% 0% 14% 0% 0% 9% 41% 36% 4% 0% 1% 0% 9% 0% 1% 45% 48% 2% 2% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 19% 63% 3% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 14% 54% 14% 7% 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 1% 20% 43% 5% 8% 1% 0% 4% 0% 0% 4% 33% 11% 12% 18% 0% 1% 5% 0% 0% 0% 53% 7% 22% 14% 4% 0% 14% 0% 0% 0% 39% November 2012 15

Australia New Zealand China Hong Kong Japan Singapore South Korea Thailand United States Others Technical Analysis of Appliance Markets to Support Table 5.4 Percentage Breakdown of Imports by Country of Origin (based on import value) for 2010 2010 Electric Fans 32% 11% 35% 2% 6% 1% 0% 0% 4% 9% Air Conditioners (All Sizes) 2% 16% 31% 7% 22% 9% 0% 1% 2% 9% Refrigerators 3% 31% 22% 3% 4% 12% 0% 13% 0% 12% Freezers 18% 34% 28% 17% 0% 2% 0% 0% 1% 1% Dish Washing Machines 17% 32% 26% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 25% Other Lighting 23% 12% 13% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 52% (Linear) Fluorescent Lamps 24% 19% 12% 14% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 31% November 2012 16

6 REFERENCES Secretariat for the Pacific Community (SPC), Statistics for Development, 2011, http://www.spc.int/sdp/ Fiji Bureau of Statistics, 2012, http://www.spc.int/prism/country/fj/stats/ November 2012 17