SWANA/A&WMA s Third Annual Landfill Operator s Training Geosynthetics in Landfills February 13, 2013
Geosynthetics Products Applications Current Lining Requirements Tips 2
Geosynthetics polymeric products used to solve civil engineering problems. This includes eight main product categories: geotextiles, geogrids, geonets, geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners, geofoam, geocells and geocomposites. planar product manufactured from a polymeric material that is used with soil, rock, or other geotechnical-related material as an integral part of a civil engineering project, structure, or system. 3
PRODUCTS
Products Geomembranes Geomembranes are the most widely used products for solid waste containment (such as landfill liners), mining, and water containment applications. GeoSynthetic Clay Liners Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) combine geosynthetics with sodium bentonite clay to form a highly impermeable barrier that often replaces thick layers of expensive compacted clay. Geonets and Geocomposites GSE offers a broad range of quality geonet and geocomposite drainage liners designed to complement or replace sand, stone and gravel. Geotextiles GSE produces the most uniform, consistent and versatile nonwoven geotextile products on the market. Our products are available in many weights and thicknesses to meet your specific project requirements. Concrete Protection Protect your investments with GSE StudLiner, a line of high density polyethylene (HDPE) concrete protection products with studs on one side that lock the liner into the surface to prolong the life of the concrete. Specialty Products GSE has developed specialty products to provide for unique solutions. Whether it is for environmental, aquaculture, civil, tunnel or other demanding applications, GSE products are easy to install and built to last. 5
Geomembranes - Barrier Less permeable than clay (10-14 cm/s v 10-7 cm/s) Space savings v clay Proven performance >30 years Easier/Quicker to install than clay especially on slopes Consistent MQA & CQA 2-10 acres per truck 20mil 100mil 6
Geosynthetic Clay Liners - Barrier Space Savings - Replaces 1 2 of clay Less permeable than clay (10-9 cm/s v 10-7 cm/s) Easier/Quicker to install than clay liners especially on slopes Consistent MQA & CQA 1 acre per truck 1lb/sf of bentonite 3oz/sy 6oz/sy geotextiles 7
Geonets & Geocomposites Liquid Transmission Equal to 12 sand drainage Space savings v sand/aggregate Proven performance >30 years Easier/Quicker to install than sand/aggregate Especially on slopes Consistent MQA & CQA 1.5-3 acres per truck 160mil 300+mil 8
Geotextiles Filtration, Cushion, Separation Replaces graded granular filter Space savings v sand Proven performance >30 years Easier/Quicker to install than sand especially on slopes Consistent MQA & CQA 2-15 acres per truck 4oz/sy 32oz/sy 9
APPLICATIONS
Power 11
Mining 12
Water/Waste Water Containment 13
Other Applications Agriculture Civil Industrial Floating Covers Superfund Remediation 14
Waste Containment 15
Waste Containment Applications Landfill Base Liners Landfill Closures Leachate Collection Temporary Covers Leachate Recirculation 16
Waste Containment Base Liner 17
Waste Containment Leachate Collection 18
Waste Containment - Closures 19
CURRENT LINING REQUIREMENTS
Current Lining Requirements in the USA Resource, Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) guidelines for waste containment: Subtitle C - Hazardous Waste Liner Systems Subtitle C - Hazardous Waste Cover Systems Subtitle D - Nonhazardous Waste Liner Systems Subtitle D - Nonhazardous Waste Cover Systems Federal regulations set minimum technology guidance (MTG) for the permitting agency (state regulators) to follow 21
Subtitle C Liner System Leachate Removal System (i.e. perforated pipe network) Solid Waste Filter Layer 12 12 24 Permeability 1x10-2 cm/sec Permeability 1x10-2 cm/sec Permeability 1x10-7 cm/sec Leachate Collection Primary Geomembrane 30 mils if HDPE then 60 mils Leak Detection Secondary Geomembrane 30 mils if HDPE then 60 mils Compacted Clay Liner (CCL) or approved alternate Soil Subgrade 22
Subtitle C Cover System 24 Top Soil Filter Layer 12 24 Permeability 1x10-2 cm/sec Permeability k bottom liner 1x10-5 cm/sec Drainage Layer (or geosynthetic drainage Geomembrane 20 mils if HDPE, 40 mils is most common Compacted Clay Liner (CCL) or approved alternate Solid Waste 23
Subtitle D Liner System Leachate Removal System (i.e. perforated pipe network) Solid Waste Filter Layer 12 24 Permeability 1x10-2 cm/sec Permeability 1x10-7 cm/sec Leachate Collection Geomembrane 30 mils if HDPE then 60 mils Compacted Clay Liner (CCL) or approved alternate Soil Subgrade 24
Subtitle D Cover System 6 18 Top Soil Permeability k bottom liner 1x10-5 cm/sec Geomembrane 20 mils if HDPE, 40 mils is most common Compacted Clay Liner (CCL) or approved alternate Gas Vent (if necessary) Solid Waste 25
Average Primary Leakage Rates 26
4 THINGS YOU SHOULD DO!
4 Things You Should Do Subgrade evaluation: gas generation, water table movement, subsurface uplifting pressures 28
Geomembrane Whales 29
4 Things You Should Do Subgrade evaluation: gas generation, water table movement, subsurface uplifting pressures Approved installation subcontractor (IAGI International Association of Geosynthetic Installers) and Certified CQA (Construction Quality Assurance) staff 30
Repairs and Repairs of Repairs 31
4 Things You Should Do Subgrade evaluation: gas generation, water table movement, subsurface uplifting pressures Approved installation subcontractor (IAGI International Association of Geosynthetic Installers) and Certified CQA (Construction Quality Assurance) staff Soil/Cover Placement is critical and the source of ~ 2/3 of the problems 32
Cover Soil Placement not so good 33
Cover Soil Placement great 34
4 Things You Should Do Subgrade evaluation: gas generation, water table movement, subsurface uplifting pressures Approved installation subcontractor (IAGI International Association of Geosynthetic Installers) and Certified CQA (Construction Quality Assurance) staff Soil/Cover Placement is critical and the source of ~ 2/3 of the problems Do post installation liner integrity testing (leak location) 35
GSE Leak Location Liner Leak Location Liner has historically been used in applications where leakage is critical. It has also enjoyed great success where standard liners have previously failed. 36
GSE Leak Location Liner Exposed Repeat testing as needed Soil Covered Dipole test method Testing Sweep area with wand Audible tone and spark Mark damage for repair Summary Does not require water Slopes can be tested Fast, easy & accurate Performed by liner field crew 37
Final Thought Savings Space Undercut Installation time Natural materials Truck traffic Improved Performance Lower permeability Consistent MQA 38