Method for testing the suppression performance of fire suppression systems installed in engine compartments of buses and coaches

2014-09-19 SP Method 4912 Method for testing the suppression performance of fire suppression systems installed in engine compartments of buses and coaches

2014-09-19 page 2 (17) Copyright This test method is copyrighted by SP. Neither a printed nor electronic copy of the test method should be altered in any way. All SP s test methods and all copyrights, ownerships and rights regarding those test methods shall remain the sole and exclusive property of SP.

2014-09-19 page 3 (17) SP method 4912 Method for testing the suppression performance of fire suppression systems installed in engine compartments of buses and coaches Table of contents 1 Scope... 5 1.1 Disclaimer... 5 2 Field of application... 6 3 Tolerances... 6 4 Method of test... 6 4.1 Principle... 6 4.2 Test apparatus... 6 4.3 Test fires... 6 4.4 Test scenarios... 10 4.5 Fire suppression system... 10 4.6 Measurements... 12 4.7 Test procedure... 12 5 System rating criteria... 13 5.1 Rating of suppression performance... 13 5.2 Requirements for a passed test... 15 5.3 Explanatory example of the Rating system... 16 6 Test report... 17 Appendix 1... 1 1 Test apparatus... 1 1.1 Object locations... 2 1.2 Framework... 3 1.3 Apertures... 3 1.4 Doors and walls... 5 2 Fan... 6 3 Test apparatus mockup components... 6 4 Thermocouples... 7

2014-09-19 page 4 (17) 5 Propane burner... 8 6 Obstructions... 8 6.1 Obstruction 1... 8 6.2 Obstruction 2 and 3... 9 6.3 Obstruction 4... 10 7 Fire trays... 10 7.1 Orientation of fire trays... 10 Appendix 2... 1 1 Test protocol... 1 1.1 Test 1... 1 1.2 Test 2... 3 1.3 Test 3... 5 1.4 Test 4... 6 1.5 Test 5... 8 1.6 Test 6... 9 1.7 Test 7... 11 1.8 Test 8... 12 1.9 Test 9... 13 1.10 Test 10... 15 1.11 Test 11... 16 2 Test fire coordinates... 17 Appendix 3 Report sheet... 1

2014-09-19 page 5 (17) 1 Scope The test method described in this document is intended to test and rate suppression performance and limitations of fire suppression systems installed in engine compartments of buses and coaches. Since this test method only examines the suppression performance, and not detection capability or the quality, reliability or durability of the system components, the tests described in this method should be supplemented with other tests. 1 This method assesses the fire suppression performance of fire suppression systems under mock-up operational conditions. For this purpose, several different types of fires are ignited and stabilised inside an enclosure with typical bus engine compartment characteristics before the fire suppression system is activated. After the fire suppression system has been activated and completely discharged, the system is evaluated based on its ability to extinguish various test fires. In order to ensure the reproducibility of the test and facilitate its adoption in different laboratories, the method utilizes a standardised test apparatus. 1.1 Disclaimer The results relate to the performance of third party suppression systems against a variety of tests based on some of the operating conditions and fire hazards thought to be associated with transit bus / coach engine bays. The testing is designed to provide some information about the fire suppression performance of the product as part of a risk assessment for real applications but is not intended to be the sole criterion for assessing the potential fire hazard protection of the product in use. It is up to the fire protection system provider in collaboration with the bus / coach supplier or owner to carry out a full risk assessment for and of each vehicle application and accept full responsibility for the overall performance of the installed suppression system. SP takes no responsibility for how a tested system performs in a real engine compartment fire. Users of this test method should observe the following warning: Safety warning in order that suitable precautions may be taken to safeguard health, the attention of all engaged in fire tests is drawn to the possibility that toxic or harmful gases may be evolved during combustion of the test fires as well as by activating the suppression system. The potential heat released from the test fires should be considered before the test starts and measures must be taken to avoid any risk of explosion or uncontrolled fire development. 1 Component testing requirements are included in Certification rules regarding Fire suppression systems in engine compartments of buses and coaches SPCR 183. The tests of detection performance are to be developed.

2014-09-19 page 6 (17) 2 Field of application The test method is applicable to suppression systems intended for diesel fueled bus and coach engine compartments having a gross volume between 2 m 3 6 m 3. Within this range of engine compartment size, the suppression systems can be scaled on the basis of the test result 2. 3 Tolerances Following tolerances shall be followed: ±5 seconds for time values ± 0.015 m for dimensions < 0.1 m (does not apply to the test fire dimensions) ±5 % or those explicitly stated otherwise 4 Method of test 4.1 Principle Within the test method, 13 different tests intended to provide information about the tested system are included. All tests need not to be performed, only the tests required to obtain different certificates and approvals, for example the P-mark according to SPCR 183. Feasible tests: a) Fire suppression tests (Test 1 Test 11) b) Minimum operating temperature fire test c) Fire test without test apparatus floor 4.2 Test apparatus A test apparatus is to be constructed according to sketches and instructions in Appendix 1. 4.3 Test fires The test fires in Table 1 are to be used in the 11 different test scenarios as described in Appendix 2. Diesel oil (commercial fuel oil or light diesel oil), heptane (C 7 H 16 ) and engine oil (Statoil MaxWay 15W-40 or equivalent) shall be used as test fuels. 2 Scaling model is to be found in the certification rules SPCR 183

2014-09-19 page 7 (17) Table 1 Test fires Test fire Description Test fire fuel #1 Pool fire 0.3 m 0.3 m Diesel oil and heptane #2 Pool fire 0.3 m 0.3 m and 2 Fibreboards Diesel oil and heptane #3 Pool fire 0.2 m 0.3 m Diesel oil and heptane #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m Diesel oil and heptane Approximate peak HRR 60 kw 110 kw 40 kw 7 kw #5 Pool fire 0.2 m 0.3 m and Class A-fire Diesel oil and heptane 50 kw #6 Fibreboard 0.2 m 0.3 m Diesel oil and heptane 35 kw #7 Spray fire (4.5 bar, 0.73 kg/min ±10%) #8 Spray fire (4.5 bar, 0.19 kg/min ±10%) #9 Dripping oil fire (40 droplets/min ±10) Diesel oil Diesel oil Engine oil 520 kw 140 kw 5 kw 4.3.1 Pool fires Three different types of trays are applied in Table 1: square, rectangular and circular. Detailed descriptions of these trays are given in Table 2. Table 2 Specification of pool fire trays Dimensions Rim height Nominal thickness Used for test fire 0.3 m 0.3 m 0.07 m 1.5 mm #1, #2, 0.2 m 0.3 m 0.07 m 2 mm #3, #5 Ø 0.15 m 0.1 m 1.5 mm #4

2014-09-19 page 8 (17) 0.2 m 0.3 m 0.015 m 2 mm #6 The amount of water, diesel and heptane (±10 %) used in the tests should be in accordance with Table 3. Table 3 Amount of fuel used in pool fire trays Dimensions Water Diesel Heptane Used for test fire 0.3 m 0.3 m 1.0 l 0.5 l 0.2 l #1, #2, 0.2 m 0.3 m 0.5 l 0.5 l 0.2 l #3 Ø 0.15 m 0.2 l 0.2 l 0.1 l #4 0.2 m 0.3 m 0.5 l 0.6 l 0.3 l #5 0.2 m 0.3 m - - 0.1 l #6 4.3.2 Fibreboards Test fire #2 consists of a heptane pool and two diesel soaked fibreboards with a dry density of 3.5 kg/m 2. The dimensions of the fibreboards shall be 12 mm 290 mm 190 mm. The fibreboards shall consist of at least 90 % raw material from wood. The moisture content in the boards before they are soaked in diesel oil shall not exceed 7 %. The fibreboards shall be completely immersed in diesel oil for at least 10 minutes prior to the test and mounted vertically in the pool fire tray not more than 10 minutes before the start of the test. Test fire #6 consists of one diesel soaked fibreboard (as described above). The fibreboard shall be completely immersed in diesel oil for at least 10 minutes prior to the test and placed horizontally in the pool fire tray not more than 10 minutes before the start of the test. 4.3.3 Class A-fire Test fire #5 consists of a Class A wood crib fire ignited by a heptane pool fire. The fire tray is specified in Table 2. The wood crib shall be placed on steel supports 20 mm (±5 mm) above the fuel surface in the fire tray. The wood crib shall not be in direct contact with the fuel. The wood crib shall consist of five layers of wood pieces. Every layer includes eight pieces of pine wood having the dimensions of 10 mm 10 mm and a length of 100 mm. Six of these pieces aligned in parallel with a mutual distance of 8 mm (±2 mm) form the top of the layer. The two remaining pieces aligned perpendicularly to the previous and with a mutual distance of 60 mm form the bottom of the layer. The overall dimensions of every layer of the crib are thus 100 mm 100 mm 20 mm. Since the wood crib includes five layers, the overall dimensions of the wood crib are 100 mm 100 mm 100 mm. After the wood crib is assembled, it shall be conditioned at a temperature of 105 C (±5 C) for not less than 16 hours. The moisture content shall not exceed 5% prior to the fire test.

2014-09-19 page 9 (17) 4.3.4 Minimum operating temperature fire test Minimum operating temperature fire test is any high fire load test (i.e. Test 1, Test 5 or Test 8) performed with extinguishing agent and propellant gas vessel cooled to either the lowest operating temperature as stated by the manufacturer or lowest temperature announced by the manufacturer as desired to test the system for. 4.3.5 Fire testing without test apparatus floor Fire suppression system may be regarded as tested without test apparatus floor either: a) After repeating the most severe high fire load test performed with passed result without changing the suppression system configuration. b) After performing all fire tests with a suppression system configuration designed for fire test without apparatus floor. 4.3.6 Spray fires and dripping oil fire Test fire #7, #8 consist of diesel oil spray fires while Test fire #9 consists of a dripping oil fire (by hot surface ignition). For the test fire #7 shall be used 120 full cone spray nozzle. For test fire #8 shall be used 80 axial flow hollow cone spray nozzle. The spray nozzle for test fire #9 shall be Danfoss 0.60X80H or equivalent.

2014-09-19 page 10 (17) 4.4 Test scenarios Table 4 shows the different tests scenario categories. The test scenarios are explained in detail in Appendix 2. Table 4 Test scenarios Test Air Test scenario category flow rate 1 0 m³/s High fire load test 2 0 m³/s Low fire load test 3 0 m³/s Hidden fire test 4 0.5 m³/s Class A-fire test 5 1.5 m³/s High fire load test 6 1.5 m³/s Low fire load test 7 1.5 m³/s Hidden fire test 8 3 m³/s High fire load test 9 3 m³/s Low fire load test 10 3 m³/s Hidden fire test 11 0 m³/s Re-ignition test 4.5 Fire suppression system To obtain the minimum discharge rate condition, an extinguishing system is to be assembled using its maximum piping limitations with respect to the number of fittings and size and length of pipe. The cylinder is to be filled to its rated capacity and the cylinder or gas cartridge pressurized with the expellant gas to the normal operating pressure (see 4.7.2 for further information). 4.5.1 Nozzle positioning Nozzle positioning in the tests shall be done by the system manufacturer or supplier. The nozzles may only be positioned inside the test apparatus, at two different areas: 1) In the ceiling and at the rear wall. Nozzles positioned in the ceiling must be positioned so that the nozzle outlet is 0.75 m or more above floor level, and outside Obstruction 1. Nozzles positioned at the rear wall must be positioned so that the nozzle outlet is within 0.35 m of the rear wall (y 1.15 m) and 0.45 m or more above floor level, see Figure 1 and 2. 2) Inside the rear box (referred to as Obstruction 4) in the rear side of the test apparatus. Nozzles should be located in the ceiling of the box, so that the nozzle outlet is 0.29 m or more above floor level, see Figure 2.

2014-09-19 page 11 (17) Figure 1 Nozzle positioning seen from the front side of test apparatus Figure 2 Nozzle positioning seen from the rear side of test apparatus

2014-09-19 page 12 (17) 4.6 Measurements The system setup and configuration shall be observed and documented prior to the test (e. g. amount of suppression agent and propellant gas, system pressure, number, type and location of nozzles, length of pipes and number of fittings). If possible, the system pressure drop and suppression agent flow rate should be measured during the test. Temperature shall be measured during the re-ignition tests at locations specified in Appendix 1. Additional thermocouples are not required, but may be used at the discretion of the test facility to obtain more information from the testing. 4.7 Test procedure The tests can be performed in an arbitrary sequence. For certain suppression system configuration, a single test (e.g. Test 1) is considered as failed after two unsuccessful attempts and as passed either after success at first attempt or success at two of three attempts in a case when first of these attempts fails. 4.7.1 Practical conduct of a test The fire trays are to be filled with diesel and heptane on a base of water according to Table 3. If fibreboards are to be used as a fire source, the fibreboards shall be soaked in diesel oil, prior to the test, according to instructions in Section 4.3.2. A pre-burn time based on the information in Appendix 2 is required. The pre-burn time is measured beginning from the time the first fire is ignited. All pool fires in the test scenario shall be ignited within the allowed time for ignition, according to Appendix 2, using a suitable ignition source. A fan is used in some of the test scenarios to obtain a specific air flow rate into the test apparatus. The fan shall remain active until the test is complete, i.e. until it is determined whether the test is passed or failed in accordance with the performance requirements in Section 5.2. A diesel spray is used in some of the test scenarios. The diesel spray shall be activated 10 seconds prior to activation of the suppression system. The diesel spray shall remain active until the test is complete, i.e. until it is clarified if the test is passed or failed in accordance with the performance requirements in Section 5.2. In test for re-ignition, the exhaust manifold mockup tube is pre-heated with a burner prior to the test. Pressurized air may be added to the flame for better combustion. The tube shall be heated from the inner side until the temperature of Tc2 > 600 C, Tc1 > 570 C and Tc5, Tc6 & Tc7 > 520 C (see Figure 9 in Appendix 1). Tc2 > Tc1 > Tc5, Tc6, Tc7 shall be strictly observed. When the predefined temperatures are reached the pre-heating procedure stops (time 00:00). After 30 seconds the engine oil starts dripping (time 00:30). The dripping

2014-09-19 page 13 (17) frequency shall be 40 droplets/min ± 10 droplets and give rise to a sustained flame on the tube before the suppression system activation which occurs at a time of 00:45. The oil shall continue to drip on to the tube until re-ignition occurs. The test shall stop 5 minutes after extinction of the flames if no re-ignition occurs. 4.7.2 Test-to-test system modification restrictions Suppression system modifications between the tests are allowed without need of repeating all previously passed tests as long as they comply with the following rules: It is not allowed to change location of an existing nozzle Number of nozzles can be increased at most by 10 % when compared to the lowest number of nozzles used during any of the fire tests. An increase is irreversible i.e. no subsequent decrease of number of nozzles is allowed. Pipe section outside the test apparatus can be shortened. The amount of agent can be increased at most by 20 %. For systems where filling ratio is definable and is changed while making use of this rule, it must be proved that this modification do not decrease the extinguishing performance of the system, by repeating the highest passed high fire load test and the minimum operating temperature test. Pressure can be increased if it not alters the performance of nozzles too much which may be assessed by comparing discharge pattern from a nozzle before and after increasing pressure. Increasing pressure impose need of re-doing the re-ignition test. The highest number of nozzles, the shortest distance between the most remote nozzle and the extinguishing agent vessel, the highest amount of agent and the highest pressure used, will be reported as parameters of the tested system for which tests according to SP Method 4912 has been accomplished. Introduction of further modifications impose need of repeating all previously passed test. 5 System rating criteria 5.1 Rating of suppression performance The tested suppression system will be rated based on the performance measured according to the five categories below: 1) High fire load 2) Low fire load 3) Class A-fire 4) Hidden fire

2014-09-19 page 14 (17) 5) Hot surface re-ignition A numeric rating is based on the results from the first four categories which thus give rise to four partial ratings which are summed into a total rating. With some exceptions, every passed test gives one point. The results from minimum operating temperature test and hot surface re-ignition test has no effect on this numeric rating and are reported separately. Rating for category 1 4: detailed information on how many points can be gathered for different configuration of tests from different categories can be found in the tables below. It should be especially emphasized, that in Category 2, the tests can be either performed one by one, or in merged mode by which it is meant conducting a the most severe of tests of interests (with respect to air flow rate) supplemented by test fires from the other tests. Regarding Category 4, a hierarchic rating approach is used. This means that Tests 3, Test 7 and Test 10 are considered as same basic scenario with severity increasing in this order, due to increasing air flow rate. Thus, by passing Test 10 one obtains automatically points for passing Tests 7 and Test 3 etc. Ten different tests make it possible to achieve ten points in total and the highest rating is written as: 3+3+1+3 = 10 of 10. Rating for category 5: If no re-ignition occurs during the 5 minutes of test, the test result is: No re-ignition. If re-ignition occurs, the test is repeated (i.e. run twice in total) and the result reported is the shortest time to re-ignition of those two values. To facilitate the understanding of the rating system, a working example is given in Section 5.3. 5.1.1 Category 1 High fire load Rating 1+x+x+x 2+x+x+x 3+x+x+x Criteria Passing Test 1 Passing Test 1 and Test 5 Passing Test 1, Test 5 and Test 8 or passing Test 1, Test 8 and Test 10.

2014-09-19 page 15 (17) 5.1.2 Category 2 Low fire load Rating x+1+x+x x+2+x+x x+3+x+x Criteria Passing Test 2 Passing Test 2 and Test 6 separately or merged (i.e. passing Test 6 supplemented with test fires from Test 2 not originally present in Test 6) Passing Test 2, Test 6 and Test 9 separately or merged (i.e. passing Test 9 supplemented with test fires from Test 2 and Test 6 not originally present in Test 9) 5.1.3 Category 3 Class A-fire Rating x+x+1+x Criteria Passing Test 4 5.1.4 Category 4 Hidden fire Rating x+x+x+1 x+x+x+2 x+x+x+3 Criteria Passing Test 3 Passing Test 7 Passing Test 10 5.1.5 Category 5 Hot surface re-ignition protection The result of Test 11 is the time from the extinction of the flames to the time of re-ignition. 5.2 Requirements for a passed test The pool fires (#1, #3, #4), fire sources with fibreboards (#2, #6), pool fire & class A-fire (#5) and sprays (#7, #8) shall be fully extinguished either not later than 1 min after activation or upon the end of discharge of the suppression system. The sprays (#7, #8) are shut off when considered as extinguished. The class A-fires shall not reignite within five minutes after activation. Other test fires shall not re-ignite upon opening of the test apparatus. Visible flames are considered as re-ignition. Glowing is acceptable for the class A-fire and test fires with fibreboards.

2014-09-19 page 16 (17) 5.3 Explanatory example of the Rating system After conducting fire test, a suppression system might have achieved the following results: Test Air Test scenario category Result flow rate 1 0 m³/s High fire load test Pass 2 0 m³/s Low fire load test Pass 3 0 m³/s Hidden fire test Fail 4 0.5 m³/s 5 1.5 m³/s 6 1.5 m³/s 7 1.5 m³/s Class A-fire test High fire load test Low fire load test Hidden fire test Pass Pass Pass Fail 8 3 m³/s High fire load test Pass 9 3 m³/s Low fire load test Pass 10 3 m³/s Hidden fire test Fail 11 0 m³/s Hot surface re-ignition 1:05 minutes 11 (repeated) 0 m³/s Hot surface re-ignition 1:15 minutes The suppression system has now obtained 7 points divided into the following categories, and 1:05 minutes of hot surface re-ignition protection: High fire load Low fire load Class A-fire Hidden fire Hot surface reignition test test test test protection 3 3 1 0 1:05 minutes The total rating is written as below. Moreover, it contains information on which fire test was performed additionally in minimum operating temperature mode and passed. Fire suppression performance: 3+3+1+0 = 7 of 10 Re-ignition protection: 1:05 min Minimum operating temperature test passed (-30 C): Test 1

2014-09-19 page 17 (17) 6 Test report The test report shall as a minimum include the following information: Name and address of the testing laboratory Date and identification number of the test report Name and address of the customer Date of test Name or other identification marks of the tested product Detailed drawing of the test set-up Description of the tested product: o Drawing(s) or pictures of the tested product o Description o Specification of included material Total amount of suppression agent and propellant gas Number and types of used nozzles Identification of the test equipment and used instruments Deviations from the test method, if any Photos from the tests Test results Date and signature

Appendix 1 page 1(12) Appendix 1 1 Test apparatus The test apparatus is to be made of steel plate. The thickness of the steel plate shall be in accordance with Table 1. Figure 1 shows the test apparatus from the front side and figure 2 from the rear side. Note that the front side of the test apparatus simulates the rear side of a real engine compartment. z y O x Figure 3 Coordinate system for the position of objects in test apparatus (view from the front side)

Appendix 1 page 2(12) Figure 4 Test apparatus seen from the rear side Table 5 Test apparatus objects Object Fan cylinder Obstructions Exhaust manifold mockup Engine mockup Muffler mockup Exhaust pipe Connection pipe Walls, ceiling and floor Plate thickness 1.5 3 mm 1.5 3 mm 8 mm 2 3 mm 2 3 mm 2 3 mm 2 3 mm 1.5 mm 5 mm 1.1 Object locations All objects in the test apparatus are positioned according to coordinates in meters with origin as marked (O) in Figure 3. The coordinates of the objects refer to the origin of the particular object i.e. left-front-bottom corner or an imaginary left-front bottom corner 3 for cylindrical objects. In Table 6 can be found coordinates of the objects in the test apparatus. Table 6 Coordinates of objects Object Coordinates Fan cylinder (-0.60, 0.40, 0.10) Obstruction 1 (0.0, 0.26, 0.0) Obstruction 2 (0.26, 0.05, 0.02) 3 I.e. properly expressed: left-front-bottom corner (as seen from the front of the test apparatus) of an rectangular cuboid in which the cylindrical object is thought to be inscribed in.

Appendix 1 page 3(12) Exhaust manifold mockup (0.76, 0.05, 0.47) Engine mockup (0.87, 0.05, 0.04) Obstruction 3 (1.44, 0.05, 0.02) Obstruction 4 (0.82, 1.2, 0.00) Muffler mockup (2.00, 0.28, 0.23) 1.2 Framework The framework of the test apparatus shall be constructed according to Figure 5. The sizes of the beams are 0.05 m 0.05 m and 0.10 m 0.05 m respectively. Figure 5 Framework for the test apparatus 1.3 Apertures In addition to the opening for the fan, the test apparatus includes six apertures, according to Figure 6. Note that all objects inside the test apparatus are hidden in

Appendix 1 page 4(12) Figure 6 in order to more clearly show the apertures. The dimensions and positions of the apertures are according to the coordinates in Table 7. The positions are given by referring to two diagonally opposite corners as all openings are rectangular in shape. However as opening D1 is slightly obstructed by Obstruction 4 giving rise to a nonrectangular aperture, the corresponding coordinates describe the two rectangles of which this aperture can be thought to consist of. Figure 6 Apertures in the test apparatus

Appendix 1 page 5(12) Table 7 Coordinates of Apertures in the test apparatus Aperture Coordinates (x, y, z x, y, z) Area of aperture A1 0.03, 0.00, 1.08 1.18, 0.00, 1.13 0.063 m 2 A2 1.22, 0.00, 1.08 2.37, 0.00, 1.13 0.063 m 2 B 2.40, 0.50, 0.70 2.40, 1.30, 0.90 0.16 m 2 C 0.85, 1.50, 0.03 1.24, 1.50, 0.36 0.13 m 2 D1 2.00, 0.05, 0.00 2.35, 0.73, 0.00 0.27 m 2 D2 2.00, 0.78, 0.00 2.35, 1.20, 0.00 2.07, 1.20, 0.00 2.35, 1.45, 0.00 4 0.26 m 2 Total area of apertures: 0.95 m 2 1.4 Doors and walls The front and rear side of the test apparatus shall be provided with doors. The front doors shall include windows enabling observation of the progress in extinguishment during the tests. The remaining framework shall be covered with walls, ceiling and floor of steel sheet as specified in Table 5. Walls and ceiling or parts of them may be in the form of closable hatches. The doors and hatches are to be mounted on the outside of the framework in such way that no parts extend to the interior of the test apparatus defined as: 0 m < x < 2.4 m; 0 < y < 1.5 m; 0 < z < 1.25 (if y < 0.5 m) and 0 < z < 0.95 m (if y > 0.5 m). 4 The coordinates takes account for the fact that the opening D2 which is in size identical with D1 is somewhat covered by Obstruction 4 thus restricting the aperture.

Appendix 1 page 6(12) 2 Fan An axial fan with a diameter of 0.71 m (+0.00 m, -0.03 m) shall be mounted on the left side of the fan cylinder. The cylinder shall have an inner diameter of 0.71 m and a length of 0.6 m. The fan shall produce a certain air flow rate through the cylinder according to the test protocol in Appendix 2. A frequency converter may be used to adjust the fan speed. For tests with no fan a concealing plate with the same diameter as the fan opening may be positioned instead in the opening at a distance not closer than 0.05 m from the fan opening. Figure 7 Fan cylinder 3 Test apparatus mockup components The dimensions of the engine mockup are 1.00 m 0.65 m 0.50 m. The dimensions of the Muffler mockup are Ø0.40 m 0.80 m. The muffler and the engine mockup shall be hollowed. The Exhaust manifold mockup tube shall have the inner dimensions of Ø0.080 m 0.90 m. It shall be connected to the centre of the Muffler mockup (as seen in Figure 8) through a connection pipe with an external diameter of 0.08 m, running at a y = 1.40 m. Another pipe with an external diameter of 0.08 m shall also be used to carry the exhaust gases vertically up and out from the Muffler mockup. It shall be connected to the centre of the Muffler mockup front side and run at a y = 0.12 m, see Figure 8. The whole exhaust gas system from the propane burner inlet to the exhaust gas outlet should be relatively smoke tight.

Appendix 1 page 7(12) Figure 8 The exhaust system to be pre-heated for the re-ignition test. 4 Thermocouples Seven thermocouples (Tc) shall be mounted on the Exhaust manifold mockup pipe, drilled 2 mm into the tube from the outside. The location of the thermocouples shall be in accordance with Figure 9 and 10. Tc1 Tc4 shall be located on top of the tube and Tc5 Tc7 around the tube, on the same distance from the tube opening as Tc2.

Appendix 1 page 8(12) Figure 9 Thermocouples on the exhaust manifold mockup Figure 10 Thermocouples on the exhaust manifold mockup 5 Propane burner The propane burner used to pre warm the exhaust system shall be chosen as to fulfill the requirements on achieved temperatures specified in section 4.7.1. 6 Obstructions 6.1 Obstruction 1 Obstruction 1 has the dimensions of 0.23 m 0.90 m 0.84 m, as shown in Figure 11.

Appendix 1 page 9(12) Figure 11 Obstruction 1 6.2 Obstruction 2 and 3 Obstructions 2 and 3 consist of tubes as shown in Figure 12. The horizontal obstructions tubes are closed and hollow, with an outer diameter of 0.08 m and a length of 0.48 m. The vertical tubes are hollow and open in the bottom, with an outer diameter of 0.08 m and a length of 0.23 m. The open distance between every tube (both horizontal and vertical) is 0.02 m. The distance between the open bottom of the vertical tubes and apparatus floor is 0.02 m. The distance between top of the vertical tubes and the horizontal tubes is 0.03 m. The first horizontal tube layer from the bottom forms a storey which is 0.36 m above the apparatus floor level. Figure 12 Obstruction 2 and 3

Appendix 1 page 10(12) 6.3 Obstruction 4 Obstruction 4 is a box measuring 1.25 m 0.30 m 0.39 m. It can be seen in Figure 13 as seen from the same (rear) side as shown in Figure 4. Obstruction 4 includes two apertures. The first, on the right short side (0.24 m x 0.30) is open to the interior of the test apparatus, while the other on the rear long side (0.39 m x 0.33 m) is in conjunction with the test apparatus Aperture C, thus being an opening to the outside (see Figure 13). Figure 13 Obstruction 4 7 Fire trays 7.1 Orientation of fire trays The square fire trays with fibreboards and the rectangular fire trays shall have transverse orientation (in relation to the forced air flow), except the Category 4 (Hidden fires) tests. Figures 14 and 15 show the longitudinal and transverse orientations of the pool trays with fibreboards. Figure 16 show the transverse orientation of the rectangular pool tray (longitudinal orientation does not occur). Diesel spray nozzles are positioned to spray parallel to the long edge of the test apparatus, in the direction of the arrow according to the test protocol in Appendix 2.

Appendix 1 page 11(12) Figure 14 Longitudinal orientation of the pool trays with fibreboards Figure 15 Transverse orientation of the pool trays with fibreboards

Appendix 1 page 12(12) Figure 16 Transverse orientation of the rectangular pool tray 7.2 Test fire obstruction Test fire #2 in Test 3, Test 7 and Test 10 is concealed from the top and from the rear side with a steel roof obstruction according to Figure 17. Figure 17 Test fire concealed from the top and from the rear side

Appendix 2 page 1(18) Appendix 2 Test scenarios with visualization and description of test fire placements as well as test procedure are found in section 1. In section 2 are found coordinates of all test fires. 1 Test protocol 1.1 Test 1 Figure 18 Test 1 Figure 19 Test 1 (seen from rear side) SP Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut

Appendix 2 page 2(18) Test fires: Test fire (from Table 1) Description Placement Position denotation (order as x,y,z) #8 Spray fire (4.5 bar, 0.19 Obstruction 3 right spray fire kg/min) #3 Pool fire 0.2 m 0.3 m Engine central-rear-top mockup #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m Obstruction 4 central-rearmostbottom #3 Pool fire 0.2 m 0.3 m Obstruction 3 right-central-upper #2 Pool fire 0.3 m 0.3 m Obstruction 3 right-rear-upper and 2 Fibreboards #3 Pool fire 0.2 m 0.3 m Obstruction 3 right-front-bottom Fan: The fan is not used. Test procedure: Time Action 00:00 Start measuring time 01:20 Ignite pool fires (within 20 seconds) 01:50 Start diesel spray 02:00 Activate suppression system

Appendix 2 page 3(18) 1.2 Test 2 Figure 20 Test 2 Figure 21 Test 2 (seen from rear side)

Appendix 2 page 4(18) Test fires: Test fire (Table 1) Description Placement Position denotation (order as x,y,z) #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m Corner left-front-bottom corner #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m Corner left-rear-bottom corner #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m Obstruction 4 central-rearmost-bottom #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m Obstruction 3 right-central-bottom #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m Obstruction 3 right-rear-bottom Fan: The fan is not used. Test procedure: Time Action 00:00 Start measuring time 01:00 Ignite pool fires (within 10 seconds) 02:00 Activate suppression system

Appendix 2 page 5(18) 1.3 Test 3 Figure 22 Test 3 Test fires used: Test fire (Table 1) Description Placement Position denotation (order as x,y,z) #2 Pool fire 0.3 m 0.3 m Obstruction 2 left-central-bottom and 2 Fibreboards (Concealed; Figure 17) #2 Pool fire 0.3 m 0.3 m Obstruction 3 right-central-bottom and 2 Fibreboards (Concealed; Figure 17) #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m Corner right-front-top corner Fan: The fan is not used. Test procedure: Time Action 00:00 Start measuring time 01:20 Ignite pool fires (within 15 seconds) 02:00 Activate suppression system

Appendix 2 page 6(18) 1.4 Test 4 Figure 23 Test 4 Figure 24 Test 4 (seen from rear side)

Appendix 2 page 7(18) Test fires: Test fire (Table 1) Description Placement Position denotation (order as x,y,z) #5 Pool fire 0.2 m 0.3 m and Obstruction 2 left-front-upper Class A-fire #5 Pool fire 0.2 m 0.3 m and Obstruction 3 right-front-bottom Class A-fire #5 Pool fire 0.2 m 0.3 m and Class A-fire Obstruction 4 right-rearmost-bottom Fan: Fan: 0.5 m 3 /s Test procedure: Time Action 00:00 Start measuring time 01:00 Ignite pool fire (within 10 seconds) 03:00 Start fan 04:00 Activate suppression system 09:00 End of test if no re-ignition

Appendix 2 page 8(18) 1.5 Test 5 Figure 25 Test 5 Test fires: Test fire (Table 1) Description Placement Position denotation (order as x,y,z) Obstruction 2 left spray fire kg/min) #7 Spray fire (4.5 bar, 0.73 #1 Pool fire 0.2 m 0.3 m Obstruction 2 left-central-upper #2 Pool fire 0.3 m 0.3 m Obstruction 2 left-rear-upper and 2 Fibreboards #1 Pool fire 0.3 m 0.3 m Obstruction 2 left-front-bottom #1 Pool fire 0.3 m 0.3 m Obstruction 3 right-front-bottom Fan: The fan is producing an air flow of 1.5 m 3 /s Test procedure: Time Action 00:00 Start measuring time 01:00 Ignite pool fires (within 20 seconds) 01:30 Engage the fan 01:50 Start diesel spray 02:00 Activate suppression system

Appendix 2 page 9(18) 1.6 Test 6 Figure 26 Test 6 Figure 27 Test 6 (seen from front side)

Appendix 2 page 10(18) Test fires: Test fire (Table 1) Description Placement Position denotation (order as x,y,z) #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m Corner left-front-bottom corner #3 Pool fire 0.3 m 0.2 m Obstruction 2 left-central-bottom #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m Obstruction 2* left-rearmost-bottom #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m Obstruction 4 central-rearmostbottom #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m Obstruction 3 right-central-bottom * Actually just outside the rear wall of Obstruction 2 Fan: The fan is producing an air flow of 1.5 m 3 /s Test procedure: Time Action 00:00 Start measuring time 01:00 Ignite pool fires (within 30 seconds) 01:30 Engage the fan 02:00 Activate suppression system

Appendix 2 page 11(18) 1.7 Test 7 Figure 28 Test 7 Test fires: Test fire (Table 1) Description Placement Position denotation (order as x,y,z) #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m Corner left-front-top corner #2 Pool fire 0.3 m 0.3 m Obstruction 2 left-central-bottom and 2 Fibreboards (Concealed; Figure 17) #2 Pool fire 0.3 m 0.3 m and 2 Fibreboards (Concealed; Figure 17) Obstruction 3 right-central-bottom Fan: The fan is producing an air flow of 1.5 m 3 /s Test procedure: Time Action 00:00 Start measuring time 01:20 Ignite pool fires (within 15 seconds) 01:30 Engage the fan 02:00 Activate suppression system

Appendix 2 page 12(18) 1.8 Test 8 Figure 29 Test 8 Test fires: Test fire (Table 1) Description Placement Position denotation (order as x,y,z) #7 Spray fire (4.5 bar, 0.73 Obstruction 2 left spray fire kg/min) #2 Pool fire 0.3 m 0.3 m Obstruction 2 left-front-upper and 2 Fibreboards #1 Pool fire 0.3 m 0.3 m Obstruction 2 left-central-upper #1 Pool fire 0.3 m 0.3 m Obstruction 2 left-rear-bottom #1 Pool fire 0.3 m 0.3 m Obstruction 3 right-central-bottom Fan: The fan is producing an air flow of 3.0 m 3 /s Test procedure: Time Action 00:00 Start measuring time 01:00 Ignite pool fires (within 20 seconds) 01:30 Engage the fan 01:50 Start diesel spray 02:00 Activate suppression system

Appendix 2 page 13(18) 1.9 Test 9 Figure 30 Test 9 Figure 31 Test 9 (seen from rear side)

Appendix 2 page 14(18) Test fires: Test fire (from Table 1) Description Placement Position denotation (order as x,y,z) #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m Corner left-front-bottom corner #3 Pool fire 0.3 m 0.2 m Obstruction 2 left-central-bottom #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m Corner left-rear-bottom corner #6 Fibreboard 0.2 m 0.3 Engine mockup central-central-top m #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m Obstruction 4 central-rearmostbottom #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m Obstruction 3 right-rear-bottom Fan: The fan is producing an air flow of 3.0 m 3 /s Test procedure: Time Action 00:00 Start measuring time 01:00 Ignite pool fires (within 30 seconds) 01:30 Engage the fan 02:00 Activate suppression system

Appendix 2 page 15(18) 1.10 Test 10 Figure 32 Test 10 Test fires: Test fire (Table 1) Description Placement Position denotation (order as x,y,z) #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m Corner left-front-top corner #2 Pool fire 0.3 m 0.3 m Obstruction 2 left-central-bottom and 2 Fibreboards (Concealed; Figure 17) #2 Pool fire 0.3 m 0.3 m and 2 Fibreboards (Concealed; Figure 17) Obstruction 3 right-central-bottom Fan: The fan is producing an air flow of 3.0 m 3 /s Test procedure: Time Action 00:00 Start measuring time 01:20 Ignite pool fires (within 15 seconds) 01:30 Engage the fan 02:00 Activate suppression system

Appendix 2 page 16(18) 1.11 Test 11 Test fires: Figure 33 Test 11 Test fire: Test fire Description (Table 1) #9 Dripping oil fire (40 droplets/min) Placement See Table 12 Fan: The fan is not used. Test procedure: Time Action -15:00 ±5 min Start of pre-heating the tube and measuring the temperature t(t=600 C)=0:00 End of pre-heating the tube 00:30 Start of dripping oil 00:45 Activate suppression system t ext. Extinction of the flames t ext. + 05:00 End of test if no re-ignition

Appendix 2 page 17(18) 2 Test fire coordinates Coordinates corresponding to the test fire placement denotations used in Appendix 1-1 are summarized in Table 8 Table 12. Table 8 Test fire placement in Obstruction 2 and Obstruction 3 Applies to placement inside: OBSTRUCTION 2 (left pipe obstruction module) OBSTRUCTION 3 (right pipe obstruction module) Test fire Description Corresponding coordinate x-wise placement denotation LEFT RIGHT #1, #2, #3, #5 Pool fires with trays 0.3 m 0.3 m and 0.2 m x 0.3 m 0.37 m 1.54 m #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m 0.45 m* 1.62 m Applies to placement inside: OBSTRUCTION 2 and OBSTRUCTION 3 y-wise placement denotation REAR CENTRAL FRONT #1, #2 Pool fires with trays 0.3 m 0.3 m 0.77 m 0.47 m #3, #5 Pool fires with trays 0.2 m 0.3 m - 0.57 m 0.13 m/0.23 m** #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m 0.92 m 0.57 - z-wise placement denotation UPPER BOTTOM #1, #2, #3, #4, #5 Pool fires with trays 0.3 m 0.3 m, 0.2 m x 0.3 m and Ø 0.15 m 0.36 m 0.00 m * Applies to #4 test fire in left-rearmost-bottom location in Test 6 which is actually just outside Obstruction 2 and not inside. ** Applies to Test 5 Table 9 Test fire placement on the Engine mockup Applies to placement on: ENGINE MOCKUP x-wise placement denotation CENTRAL #3, #6 Test fires with trays 0.2 m 0.3 m 0.97 m y-wise placement denotation CENTRAL REAR #3 Pool fire with tray 0.2 m 0.3 m - 0.85 m #6 Fibreboard 0.2 m x 0.3 m 0.45 m - z-wise placement denotation TOP #3, #6 Test fires with trays 0.2 m 0.3 m 0.70 m

Appendix 2 page 18(18) Table 10 Test fire placement in Obstruction 4 Applies to placement inside: OBSTRUCTION 4 (rear box) Test fire Description Corresponding coordinate x-wise placement denotation CENTRAL RIGHT #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m 0.97 m - #5 Pool fire & Class-A 0.2 m x 0.3 m - 1.74 m y-wise placement denotation REARMOST #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m 1.28 m #5 Pool fire & Class-A 0.2 m x 0.3 m 1.25 m z-wise placement denotation BOTTOM #4, #5 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m and Pool fire & Class- 0.00 m A 0.2 m x 0.3 m Table 11 Test fire placement in the corners Applies to placement in: CORNERS Test fire Description Location denotation and corresponding coordinates x-wise placement denotation LEFT RIGHT #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m 0.02 m 2.23 m y-wise placement denotation REARMOST FRONT #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m 1.20 m* 0.08 m z-wise placement denotation TOP BOTTOM #4 Pool fire Ø 0.15 m 0.92 m 0.00 m * Applies also to #4 test fire in left-rearmost-bottom location in Test 6 in vicinity of Obstruction 2 Table 12 Test fire placement of test fires using nozzles Applies to placement of: NOZZLE OUTLETS (SPRAY & DRIPPING OIL TESTS) Test fire Description Location denotation and corresponding coordinates (x, y, z) #7 Spray fire LEFT SPRAY FIRE (4.5 bar, 0.73 kg/min) 0.37 m 0.70 m 0.46 m #8 Spray fire RIGHT SPRAY FIRE (4.5 bar, 0.19 kg/min) 1.47 m 0.73 m 0.46 m #9 Dripping oil fire DRIPPING OIL FIRE 0.82 m 0.28 m 1.22 m

Appendix 3 page 1(1) Appendix 3 Report sheet Manufacturer: Approval test/ Pre-test no.: SP4912 Test: /Customized Suppression system name: Extinguishing agent: Date: Time: Number & type of nozzles: Test PASSED Test FAILED Extinguishing agent volume/mass: Pressurized vessel pressure: Extinguishing agent vessel volume: Extinguishing agent consumption: Position of extinguished (X) and not extinguished ( ) fires: Deviation from/description of test scenario (if customized): Suppression system modification from previous test: Observations: Signature: SP Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut