The development history of sound level meter in Japan Masaharu Ohya Motivations to develop measuring instruments Demand from customer and social situation Change of law and regulation When new measurement value or specification etc. are added Progress of technology Performance improvement of instruments RION CO., LTD. 2 1
Beginning of noise measurement in the world In the 1920 s, Noise problems was caused by construction work, automobile, elevated railway in New York City, USA. Standard of noise meter ASA Tentative Standard Z24.3-1936 (1936) DIN (1940) Noise measurement in New York from 1929 to 1930 Barkhausen noise meter (Collection of Kobayasi Institute of Physical Research) RION CO., LTD. 3 Noise problems and development of sound level meter in Japan 1950 s Raise of noise problem Development of sound level meter in Japan Survey in Tokyo city and American base (1953) Tokyo city ordinance for noise reduction (1954) The same ordinance was established one after another in every cities of Japan Trend of measuring instruments Standard of sound level meter(slm) JIS B 7201(1952) SLM with display JIS C 1502(1957) SLM with display JIS C 1503(1957) Basic SLM Use of subminiature vacuum tube Applying hearing aid technology First Basic SLM in Japan N-1101 (1955) Sound calibrator RION CO., LTD. 4 2
1960 s High economic growth period 1954~1973 RION CO., LTD. 5 Basic law and Regulation 1960 s High economic growth and Environmental pollution Enactment of Law and standard Environmental standards for Noise (1967) Basic Law for Environmental Pollution Control (1967) Noise Regulation Law (1968) Demand of noise measurement Local governments Trend of measuring instruments Development of Filters and Level recorder Downsize of instruments with transistor technology of electric circuit Installation of street noise display device Development of vibration level meter RION CO., LTD. 6 3
Environmental Law and Standard in Japan Immission (sound exposure) Desirable value for protection of human health Environmental Standard Environmental Basic Law Basic policy of the environmental conservation Emission (sound source power) Regulation for sound source to promote noise control Noise, Vibration Regulation Law Assessment of the effect on the environment Law for Assessment of Environmental Impacts RION CO., LTD. Basic law and Regulation 1960 s High economic growth and Environmental pollution Enactment of Law and standard Environmental standards for Noise (1967) Basic Law for Environmental Pollution Control (1967) Noise Regulation Law (1968) Demand of noise measurement Local governments Trend of measuring instruments Development of Filters and Level recorder Downsize of instruments with transistor technology Installation of street noise display device Development of vibration level meter RION CO., LTD. 8 4
Development of Filters and Level recorder Filter (1959) Level recorder (1965) Switching octave filter Sound level meter N-1103(Left) Octave filter SA-2751A(Right) Level recorder LR-01 (1965) Basic instruments for noise measurement Sound level meter Filter Level recorder RION CO., LTD. 9 Street noise display device Mobile measurement system Downsize of instruments with transistor technology of electric circuit Street noise display device at Shibuya and Ginza (1969) Mobile noise and vibration measurement system (1969) Aichi, Sapporo, Fukuoka etc. Sound level meter NA-07A RION CO., LTD. 10 5
Vibration problem - Vibration caused by transportation such as trains, automobile - Factory vibration by press machine, forging machine - Construction work vibration by piling machine etc. Development of first vibration level meter VM-11 (1966) Frequency weighting based on human sensitivity proposed by Dr. Morita Release of tri-axial vibration meter VM-08 (1968) Vibration regulation law (1976) JIS C 1510:1976 Specification of Vibration meter Vibration meter VM-12B RION CO., LTD. 11 Type approval system 1970 s Highest consciousness for noise and vibration problems Progress of law and standard Environmental standards for Noise (1967) Basic Law for Environmental Pollution Control (1967) Noise Regulation Law (1968) Environment of agency(ministry) (1971) Environmental standards for Aircraft Noise (1973) Environmental standards for High speed train Noise (1975) Start of type approval system according to Measurement act (1974) NA-09 The responsibility of pollution control is handed over to the local government, and noise measurement was actively carried out Trend of measuring instruments Key technology was changed from transistor to integrated circuit and micro computer RION CO., LTD. 12 6
Evolution of sound level meter Advance in technology Key device was changed from transistor to Integrated Circuit (First half of 1970's) -> Improvement of stability for environment -> Calculation of measurement value such as Leq Utilization of microcomputer and digital signal processing (Late 1970 s) -> Calculation of Complicated function A variety of sound level meter Impulse sound level meter Noise accumulation meter RION CO., LTD. 13 Evolution of sound level meter Key device was changed from transistor to Integrated Circuit Integration of Op-Amplifier as IC Improvement of stability by active filter Downsize and low power consumption Automatic calculation of measurement values inside the instrument and printing the data Sound level meter for Aircraft noise monitoring NA-73(1971) RION CO., LTD. 14 7
Identification of aircraft Microcomputer realized automatic identification of aircraft and the other noise from time history of sound level at noise monitoring system NA-30 (1975) RION CO., LTD. 15 Impulse sound level meter and Noise accumulation meter Measurement of impulsive sound such as road construction and press sound of machine factory IEC 179A specified the specification of impulse sound level meter Impulse sound level meter (1974) Measurement of exposure level of noise exposed to workers at machine factories, cans factories, logging sites, tunnel construction sites, etc. Noise accumulation meter (1972) Noise accumulation meter NB-51(Left), NB-02A(Right) RION CO., LTD. 16 8
Evolution of architecture of SLM Advanced architecture of sound level meter (1977) NA-20/60/61 SLM/Precision SLM/Impulse SLM Optional unit with digital indication, 1/1 Octave and 1/3 octave filter RION CO., LTD. 17 Calculation of Leq in SLM and FFT analyzer 1980 s Leq adopted in IEC Revision of IEC and JIS standard JIS C 1502:1977 Sound level meter JIS C 1505:1977 Precious sound level meter IEC 651:1979 Sound level meters IEC 804:1985 Integrating-averaging sound level meters FFT analyzer Integrating-averaging sound level meters FFT SA-70 (1980) RION CO., LTD. 18 9
Integrating-averaging sound level meter Integrating-averaging sound level meter NL-01, NL-10, and NL-11 were developed in accordance with the specification of Leq in IEC. NL-10 RION CO., LTD. 19 Basic environmental law Basic environmental law (1993) Basic Law for Environmental Pollution Control was replaced Revision of Measurement law (1993) SI unit (Phone -> of db) Traceability system Introduction of Leq to environmental standard (1999) and noise regulation law (2000) Spread of Windows OS Downsizing and higher performance of instruments 1990 s Introduction of traceability system NL-05 RION CO., LTD. 20 10
Downsizing and higher performance of instruments Utilization of Digital signal processor (DSP) Higher improvement of RMS performance Wide linearity range Higher stability for temperature and humidity Adoption of memory card Long term measurement of Leq Easy data transfer to PC Windows software NL-16/06 Integrating-averaging sound level meter Class 1/2 RION CO., LTD. 21 Downsizing and higher performance of instruments Evolution of vibration level meter Downsizing of sensor Vibration level meter VM-52 RION CO., LTD. 22 11
Response (db) New noise problem occurred 2000 s Low frequency annoyance Low frequency annoyance A survey on low frequency sounds (2001, Ministry of Environment) Study on assessment of low frequency sound to people by wind turbine (2010~2012, Ministry of Environment) Development of sound level meter and microphone (NL-62/UC-59L) capable of simultaneous measurement of low frequency sound and audible sound. RION CO., LTD. 23 NL-62/52 と NA-18A の比較 ( 周波数特性 ) 6 4 2 IEC 61672 ISO 7196 NL-62 NA-18A NL-52 0-2 -4-6 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Frequency (Hz) RION CO., LTD. 24 12
2000 s Low frequency annoyance Lden was adopted to environmental standard for air craft noise (2007) Development of sound level meter (NA-37) processing Lden New IEC and JIS standard IEC 61672-1/2/3(2002) JIS C 1509 series(2005) Strict performance requirements Electro-magnetic compatibility(emc) RION CO., LTD. 25 Feature of recent sound level meters Advanced integration of semiconductors -> Digitization of processing Significant improvement in accuracy and reliability -> Easy enhancement of functions Equipment for frequency analysis / recording function No level range switch Improvement for environmental performance Electro-magnetic compatibility(emc) Temperature and humidity RION CO., LTD. 26 13
Revision of measurement law 2010 s Harmonization with international standards Revision of Measurement law (2015) Sound level meter Harmonization with IEC 61672-1/-2:2013 Vibration level meter JIS C 1517:2014 Revise of Noise measurement/evaluation manual Aircraft noise measurement/evaluation manual (2009/ revise 2015) High speed train noise measurement/evaluation manual (2010/ revise 2015) Evaluation manual of environmental standards for noise (2000 / revise 2015) RION CO., LTD. 27 New style of instruments Future possibility Utilization of Tablet device and IoT Tablet type with touch panel Wireless measurement system Internet and cloud service RION CO., LTD. 28 14
Future possibility Data server e-mail server Wi-Fi router Wireless 3G, GPRS, LTE Internet Smart phone e-mail Browser Browser Instruments PC RION CO., LTD. 29 Example of remote monitoring Sound level on remote site Map Weather information RION CO., LTD. 30 15