SW MN IPM RESEARCH - 2017 STUDY: 2017 Rootworm Insecticide on Refuge Hybrid INVESTIGATOR: Bruce Potter - University of Minnesota Extension Travis Vollmer University of Minnesota Southwest Research and Outreach Center OBJECTIVE: Efficacy evaluation of liquid and granular soil insecticide products for corn rootworm as in-furrow treatments in refuge corn. CROP INFORMATION Crop: Corn (zea mays) Cultivar: Dekalb DKC 53-58 GENVT2PRIB History: 2013: Corn 2014: Corn 2015: Corn 2016: Corn PEST INFORMATION This site had a history of Cry 3Bb1 failure in 2015. Western corn rootworm dominated the populations with very few northern corn rootworm adults observed on the studies corn plants or Trece Pherocon AM traps in 2016 and 2017. SITE INFORMATION Location: University of Minnesota Southwest Research and Outreach Center Lamberton, Redwood County, Minnesota Soil fertility (2016 sample): Name: Normania loam % OM: 4.7 ph: 6.0 P (bray): 21 ppm K: 104 ppm Zn: 1.0 ppm PLANTING INFORMATION Planting Date: 5/11/2017 Emergence Date: 5/23/2017 Planting Equipment: John Deere (Moline, IL) Max Emerge 4-row narrow planter modified for plot planting with a Precision Planting LLC (Tremont, IL) vacuum system and vset meters. Row Spacing: 30-inch Seeding Rate: 34,000 seeds/acre Seeding Depth: 2 inch Soil Temperature: 64 o F Soil Moisture: Dry Precipitation: Above-average growing season precipitation after planting PLOT MAINTENANCE Tillage Fall 2016: Disc Ripper Tillage Spring 2017: Field cultivator Fertilizer: 5/10/17 180-60-80 PRE Herbicide: 5/10/17 Harness 2.6 pts/a POST Herbicide: 6/19/17 Cornerstone Plus 36 fl. oz./a Insecticide: 5/11/17 Part of study. See Treatment List
HARVEST INFORMATION Harvest equipment: Plot combine (ALMACO, Nevada, IA). The center two rows of each four-row plot were combined. Grain yields were adjusted to 15.5 % moisture and 56 pounds/bushel. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Study Design: Randomized Complete Block Treatments: 14 Replications: 4 Treated Plot Width: 10 foot (four 30-inch rows) Treated Plot Length: 30 foot TREATMENTS EVALUATED The insecticides and other products and application rates tested are listed in Tle 1 below. Trt. No. Type Trade Name Compound(s) Rate 1 Untreated control 2 Insecticide Index chlorethoxyifos+bifenthrin 12.6 fl. oz./acre 3 Insecticide Force CS tefluthrin 8.7 fl. oz./acre 4 Insecticide Capture LFR bifenthrin 17.1 fl. oz./acre 5 Insecticide Aztec HC tebupirimphos+cyfluthrin 1.5 oz./1000 row-ft 6 Insecticide Smartchoice HC chlorethoxyfos+bifenthrin 1.7 oz./1000 row-ft 7 Insecticide* Force 10G HL ** tefluthrin 1.3 oz./1000 row-ft 8 Insecticide Ethos XB bifenthrin+bacillus amyloliquefaciens 8.5 fl. oz./acre 9 Insecticide/Fungicide Temitry LFR bifenthrin+pyraclostrobin 9.5 fl. oz./acre 10 Insecticide + soil ammendment F4022-1(Capture LFR + VGR ) bifenthrin + Bacillus licheniformis 8.5 fl. oz./acre 11 Insecticide + soil ammendment F4022-1(Capture LFR + VGR ) bifenthrin + Bacillus licheniformis 8.5 fl. oz./acre Plant health ammendment Puma 4.0 fl. oz./acre 12 Insecticide Capture LFR bifenthrin 8.5 fl. oz./acre 13 Insecticide Capture 3RIVE 3D bifenthrin 8.0 fl. oz./a 14 Insecticide Capture 3RIVE 3D bifenthrin 16.0 fl. oz./acre Trademarks Force CS - Syngenta Crop Protection,LLC Aztec HC, SmartChoice HC, Index, Force 10G - Amvac Chemical Corporation Capture LFR, ' Capture 3RIVE 3D,Ethos XB, Temitry LFR,VGR - FMC Corporation Puma - Elemental Enzymes Nucleus HP Hyperlink high performance - Helena ** The Force 10G HL (tefluthrin) formulation is not currently leled Tle 1. Insecticides evaluated. All treatments were applied in-furrow. The liquid insecticide treatments 3 and 4 were applied with 5 GPA water; other liquid insecticides were applied with 5 GPA liquid pop-up fertilizer. ASSESSMENT METHODS Corn rootworm injury: On August 1, the root systems of five plants were dug in each plot. No effort was made to differentiate refuge plants in selecting or the subsequent rating root systems. After soaking overnight, root systems were powerwashed and corn rootworm injury was rated. For each of nodes 5-7, the total roots and the number of roots
pruned to 1.5 inches or less were recorded. These data were used to generate 0-3 node injury scores. Additional data on the number of roots pruned less than 3 inches and any scarring caused by rootworm feeding were also recorded. Root lodging: In this study, lodging associated with corn rootworm damage occurred early and was rated when root injury was assessed. This first rating was a subjective whole plot 0-4 score: 0) no lodging; 1) occasional plants slightly leaning; 2) slight leaning common or some plants lodged more than 45 degrees from vertical; 3) plants with severe lodging common; 4) Most plants severely lodged, some may have root broken and exposed. On August 1, lodging was rated as the percentage of the five plants rated for CRW root injury with goose-necked lower stalks. On October 19, the percentage of plants were by determining the percentage of the plants in the center two rows of each plot lodged. At this last rating, a plant was considered lodged if the ear was lodged so low as to present potential harvest issues. Stalk lodging: Stalk rot was a problem in many 2017 fields. This disease was assessed at the same time as root lodging on October 19. In addition to recording stalk lodged plants, stalks were grasped below the ear and given a moderate push. Stalks that collapsed were include in the percentage stalk lodged. RESULTS The 2017 growing season was wetter than normal with the last 1/2 of May and the first 1/2 of June averaging 2-3 inches ove normal. After planting, 3.98 inches of rainfall occurred from May 16-21. Western corn rootworm damage was severe in this study as well as the adjacent corn plantings in this field. Means for yield, corn stand and growth, CRW root injury and root lodging are presented in Tle 2. No differences among treatments in V1 and V5 stage corn stands were observed. No crop injury was observed for any of the treatments. At the V5 stage, the Capture LFR +VGR treatment was taller than the SmartChoice HC, the shortest treatment. All other heights were similar. The untreated control was the lowest yielding treatment; significantly lower (p= 0.05) than Index, Force CS, Aztec HC, Force 10G, Temitry LFR, and both F 4022-1 treatments. The untreated control had the most rootworm injury, averaging 1.48 of the 3 rated nodes destroyed. Index, Force CS, Aztec HC, and SmartChoice HC all averaged less than 0.25 NIS. Index and SmartChoice HC most consistently kept NIS less than 0.25, generally accepted as the CRW root injury level where yield loss can occur. A high percentage of root lodging occurred in some of the plots; both with and without at-plant insecticides. The spatial variility of lodging severity within this study did not allow detection of statistical significance of R1 and R6 lodging among treatments. High and varile root lodging prevented accurate stalk-lodging assessments and therefore, these data are not shown. Correlation coefficients of yield with potential yield limiting factors are shown in Tle 3. Yield was negatively correlated (p 0.05) with node injury score (-0.6017), R1 lodging (-0.484) and VT lodging (-0.532). Yield was positively correlated with stand (0.321) and percent consistency of control (0.4498). NIS appeared as a slightly better predictor of yield than control consistency of control in the study. The R6 end-of-season lodging rating was not predicative of yield and not correlated with earlier lodging ratings
Rating Date 5/30/2017 6/14/2017 6/14/2017 7/14/2017 8/2/2017 8/2/2017 8/2/2017 10/19/2017 10/31/2017 Crop Stage V1 V5 V5 VT R1 R1 R1 R6 R6 Emerged Stand Plant Lodging CRW damage Consist. Root lodged Root lodged YIELD Product Rate Plants/Acre Plants/Acre Height (cm) 0-4 scale 0-3 NIS % NIS < 0.25 % Plants % Plants BU56LB 1 Untreated control 31,581.0-32,234.4-46.1 1.5 a 1.48 a 20.0 b 70.0-35.3-181.7 b 2 Index 12.6 fl oz/a 31,508.4-32,452.2-44.9 0.3 0.03 b 100.0 a 0.0-5.3-218.1 a 3 Force CS 8.7 fl oz/a 30,709.8-32,524.8-43.2 0.0 b 0.18 b 70.0 0.0-13.6-217.9 a 4 Capture LFR 17.1 fl oz/a 32,379.6-31,581.0-42.5 0.3 0.42 b 55.0 35.0-53.2-202.7 5 Aztec HC 1.5 oz ai/1000 row-ft 32,670.0-32,815.2-44.5 0.3 0.22 b 75.0 5.0-50.3-216.0 a 6 Smartchoice HC 1.7 oz ai/1000 row-ft 29,911.2-31,944.0-40.8 b 0.0 b 0.04 b 100.0 a 0.0-9.4-204.2 7 Force 10G HL 1.3 oz ai/1000 row-ft 31,944.0-31,944.0-42.6 0.0 b 0.30 b 55.0 10.0-38.8-208.3 a 8 Ethos XB 8.5 fl oz/a 31,944.0-32,524.8-44.6 0.5 0.34 b 70.0 25.0-23.9-205.9 9 Temitry LFR 9.5 fl oz/a 32,161.8-32,887.8-48.1 0.3 0.49 40.0 10.0-3.1-210.9 a 10 F4022-1 8.5 fl oz/a 31,944.0-32,524.8-50.3 a 0.8 0.57 50.0 25.0-41.8-209.8 a 11 F4022-1 8.5 fl oz/a 31,798.8-32,307.0-49.1 0.5 0.28 b 55.0 35.0-32.8-215.7 a Puma 4.0 fl oz/a 12 Capture LFR 8.5 fl oz/a 32,089.2-31,726.2-44.6 0.3 0.46 60.0 20.0-10.7-206.5 13 Capture 3RIVE 8.0 fl oz/a 31,145.4-32,960.4-44.0 0.5 0.51 35.0 40.0-20.2-199.3 14 Capture 3RIVE 16.0 fl oz/a 31,944.0-32,379.6-42.8 1.3 0.70 40.0 55.0-39.3-194.5 Tukey's HSD P=.05 3,186.8 2,221.5 8.6 1.3 1.04 78.8 74.08 74.3 25.9 Standard Deviation 1,261.7 879.5 3.4 0.5 0.41 31.2 29.33 29.4 10.2 Grand Mean 31,695.1 32,343.3 44.9 0.4 0.43 58.9 23.57 27.0 206.5 Treatment Prob(F) 0.2735 0.5442 0.0120 0.0030 0.0036 0.0324 0.0310 0.2470 0.0006 Means followed by same letter or symbol do not significantly differ (P=.05, Tukey's HSD) Mean comparisons performed only when AOV Treatment P(F) is significant at mean comparison OSL. Tle 2. Means and mean separations for corn stands, yield and for corn rootworm and disease associated injury. UMN Southwest Research and Outreach Center, Lamberton, MN 2017. V5 V5 NIS Percent VT R1 R6 Yield Stand Height (0-3) Consist. Lodging Lodging Lodging Yield 1 p-value 0 V5 0.3210 1 Stand 0.0158 0 V5 0.2503 0.1454 1 Height 0.0628 0.2851 0 NIS -0.6017 0.0058 0.1739 1 (0-3) < 0.0001 0.9662 0.1999 0 Percent 0.4498 0.0423-0.2306-0.7744 1 Consist. 0.0005 0.7569 0.0873 < 0.0001 0 VT -0.4840 0.1379 0.2448 0.7079-0.5426 1 Lodging 0.0002 0.3109 0.0691 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0 R1-0.532-0.0865 0.1491 0.7741-0.6883 0.7425 1 Lodging < 0.0001 0.5264 0.2728 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0 R6 0.011-0.0767 0.13 0.1694-0.1214 0.1834 0.2403 1 Lodging 0.9358 0.5743 0.3397 0.2119 0.3726 0.1761 0.0744 0 Tle 3. Pearson correlation coefficients and p-values for yield, stand, early season height and CRW injury. Bold probilities are significant at 0.05 or less. UMN Southwest Research and Outreach Center, Lamberton, MN 2017. CONCLUSIONS 2017 weather was optimum for at-plant insecticide performance during this study. Differences in root injury among treatments were observed with Index, Force CS, Aztec HC and SmartChoice HC averaging less than 0.25 NIS. Two of these treatments were liquid. Yield was negatively correlated with root injury from CRW and early season lodging. There was not a rate response between the two rates of Capture LFR. Varile recovery from root lodging (goose-necking) and other early vs. late season impacts of lodging, late season lodging may not always be a good indicator of CRW impacts on yield.
Lamberton, MN 2017 Yield (bushels/acre +/- SEM) 250 200 150 100 50 0 b 1.48 181.7 a a a 218.1 217.9 202.7 216 0.42 0.18 0.22 0.03 a a a a 199.3 204.2 208.3 205.9 210.9 209.8 215.7 206.5 0.57 0.49 0.46 0.51 0.30 0.34 0.28 0.04 194.5 0.70 3.00 2.75 2.50 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 NIS ISU (0-3) Figure 1. Yield and root nodal injury scores (red dots) for 13 in-furrow insecticides compared to the same hybrid without a Bt-RW trait without insecticide. Yield means with the same letter are not different (p = 0.05 Tuckey s HSD). * = 5 GPA 8-24-4 liquid fertilizer, in-furrow. Other than capture 3RIVE 3D, all other liquid insecticides were applied with 5 GPA water. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Matthew Wordes and Adam Hass provided valule help in plot maintenance and root digs and the root rating process. We would like to thank Amvac Chemical Corporation and FMC Corporation for supporting this study. Always read and follow lel directions Aztec HC, Capture LFR, Capture 3RIVE 3D, Ethos XB, Force CS, SmartChoice HC and Temitry LFR are Restricted Use insecticides. Products are mentioned for illustrative purposes only. Their inclusion does not mean endorsement and their sence does not imply disapproval. 2018, Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved. The University of Minnesota Extension is an equal opportunity educator and employer. For University of Minnesota Extension crop production information: http://www.extension.umn.edu/agriculture/crops/