UN/ECE - ENERGY EFFICIENCY 21 Steering Committee Energy Efficient Appliances Market Development through Labelling and Eco-design Milena Presutto ENEA
Estimated world population distribution (2004) Pacific/Oceania 1% North America 5% South America 9% Europe 11% Asia 60% Africa 14% source: EuP studies, 2007
Worldwide production of large household appliances ~291 million units in 2003-2004 Australia: 3 Africa: 9 South America: 19,5 Asia: 98,5 North America: 73,0 West & Central Europe and Turkey: 88,0 source: EuP study, Lot 13, 2007
Major household appliances sales worldwide ~ 138,9 billion USD in Aug. 2006-Aug. 2007 North America 23,0% South America 6,0% Middle East and Africa 9,0% CIS 4,7% Other Asia 10,4% Asia 21,0% Japan 4,6% Europe 36,0% China 6,3% source: GfK, Trade Bianco, December 2007
Annual expenditure for major H.A. worldwide in 2006 $262 $216 $211 $135 $117 $112 $82 $95 $91 $25 $23 World West Europe USA Turkey Japan Middle East* East Europe Brasil Russia Africa China source: AE, January 2008 * without Iraq, Afganistan, Pakistan
Household appliances trends: Cold Appliances As with other major appliances, refrigerators are undergoing something of a renaissance: more-frequent design changes, more-striking styling options and more convenience features that often involve the greater use of electronics. Energy efficiency, improved performance, environmental responsibility, better food safety are goals to drive interest in new generations of products. Regulations pertaining to environmentally friendly refrigerant gases and recyclable materials are becoming widespread throughout the world and will affect new product designs and manufacturing systems.
Household appliances trends: Washing Machines Different regions and countries have preferences on top-loading versus front-loading washers. In the majority of markets, the top-loading washer format is the most accepted. The only exception is the European market. The key advantage to the front-loading format is the achievable energy efficiency. However, with new technologies top-loading products could achieve similar levels. In North America, larger capacity is more important than elsewhere.
Eco-design policies worldwide for H.A. Electricity and water resources are limited, and it is in the public interest to minimize resource use while maintaining or improving functions. Several countries have programs that provide point-ofsale and media information about energy efficiency and, sometimes, performance. Minimum requirements have also been set worldwide Electricity and water savings may offset the often higher price of more efficient appliances. In some areas, consumer purchases are subsidized by rebates.
Major standards and labels worldwide Mandatory requirements Voluntary Commitments Comparative Label Endorsement Label source: ENEA elaboration on IEA 2006
Examples of mantatory and voluntary labels EU labels AU/NZ labels USA labels
The ENERGY STAR efficient products in USA 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 54% 46% 64% 62% 36% 38% 0% Refrigerators Washing machines Air conditioners Not qualified/not specified ES qualified Value of ES qualified products in Jan.- Aug. 2007: 1,8 billion USD source: AE, December 2007
Impact of the Australian EE requirements Refrigerators and freezers kwh/year source: Retrospective Analysis of the Impacts of Energy Labelling and MEPS: Refrigerators and Freezers, October 2006
Impact of the Australian Star Rating Refrigerators by Star Rating in 1986 and 2005 source: Retrospective Analysis of the Impacts of Energy Labelling and MEPS: Refrigerators and Freezers, October 2006
Impact of the Australian Star Rating Index Refrigerators and freezers by SRI in October 2007 source: E3 Report No 2007/09
Impact of the Star Rating on W.M. in New Zealand Washing machines by Star Rating Index and water consumption source: Water Efficiency Labelling for New Zealand: Cost Benefit Analysis, June 2004
Policy measure trends in the EU Decision of manufacturers in 2007 to discontinue the Industry Unilateral Commitments for cold and wash appliances. Announced revision of Energy Labelling scheme and enlargement to other non-household energy using products. Eco-design directive requests specific and/or generic requirements to be set for EuPs, based on LCC and LCA. Europe is leading the way in eliminating the use of hazardous materials through RoHS regulations WEEE directive has also established procedures for handling equipment at the End-of-Life to minimize the environmental impact.
Household appliances in Europe Europe (including CH and TR, 2006) Production: 21,4 million refrigerators 5,7 million freezers 23,1 million washing machines 11,2 million dishwashers Sales: 17,5 million refrigerators 4,8 million freezers 17,1 million washing machines 8,8 million dishwashers source: Appliance magazine, December 2007
Impact of the EU policy measures on W.M. Market transformation in 1996-2006 Models 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% A+ A B C D E F G 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 source: ENEA elaboration on CECED data
Impact of the EU policy measures on W.M. 60 Distribution of the models in energy efficiency classes 50 40 Models (%) 30 20 10 0 A+ A B C D E F G 2006 (EU 27) 1998 (EU 12) 1991 (Italy) source: ENEA elaboration on CECED data
The cold appliances on the EU market in 2006 800 700 Energy consumption (kwh/year) 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 Equivalent volume (litre) source: CECED
Impact of the EU policy meaures on cold appliances 100% Market transformation in 1993-2006 Models 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% A++ A+ A B C D E F G 1992/93 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 source: ENEA elaboration on CECED data
Impact of the EU policy meaures on cold appliances 60 Distribution of the models in energy efficiency classes 50 Models (%) 40 30 20 10 0 A++ A+ A B C D E F G 2006 (EU 27) 1994 (EU 10) 1991(Italy) source: ENEA elaboration on CECED data