Executive Summary The task of this thesis was to re-design the lighting of a building. I chose this library s children s areas because of their dynamic ability. There were so many options as to how to re-design these spaces. I wanted to choose something different that would distinguish them from any lighting I had done before. The purpose of this thesis was to re-design the lighting for a building. I chose Rosegarden Branch Library located in San Jose, California and realized that by lighting it, I was not trying to change the old design, I was just trying to create a vision which started in my mind at the beginning of last semester. The reason I chose this building and specifically these areas as are the Exterior, Children s Circulation, computer area and storytelling area because they provided a challenge. The challenge was to make an already good lighting space, into a better one. A space that would involve more magic and a dreamlike reality. Which expressed a close relationship with the people whom it was going to be occupied by. Lighting Rosegarden Library started with a concept, a symbol and then evolved into a whole story written through the materials, brightness and shadows created in this building. I had so many ideas for this. My mind just started to come up with innovative ways to light the children s areas. I thought I could have fun with this new mission. I learned through the process that there were a lot of courses of action involved in this undertaking. I thought of a lot of different themes for this building and decided on designing it after a fairytale. The four spaces I chose were the exterior façade and the children s computer area, storytelling and circulation areas. For these spaces, there were many feelings involved with these areas. Deciding on a particular lighting design was especially hard. Making decisions regarding luminaires proved to be a major battle. In this process different kinds of luminaires were thought of, but only the ones that conveyed the fairy tale idea prevailed.
The library consists of two levels; most of the spaces to be lighted are to be found in the second level. The first space being re-designed is the exterior of Rosegarden Library. The exterior façade is positioned at the intersection of two streets. The new lighting design for the façade was aimed with the purpose of giving light to a structure from within. The library is meant to be an inviting place where all the public can come and be comfortable place. The purpose is to inch away from the usual impression libraries are thought to give, which is foreboding and unapproachable places. The re-design proved to be successful. Now, the children s space is an area which emanates creativity and youthfulness. It represents the fantasy that goes on in a child s mind and transforms it into reality. These re-designs were also kept below the power densities for the most part. The light fixtures were repeated among the spaces to ease lamp changing time and provide a more simple solution to possible confusion later on. Some materials and surfaces were changed as well, in order to correlate these with the main ideas which were transmitted through the lighting. The lighting plays a major part on mood and disposition of a patron. If there is a welcoming, and warm design, then the library patron will feel welcome and warm as well. All these feelings are affected by everything that is caught by our eyes. The purpose was to create an atmosphere filled with magic and at the same time keep it energy efficient. The goals were achieved and the luminairs provided a good design in relation to the Rosegarden Branch Library. Building Background and Architecture Primary Project Team Members Owner: City of San Jose - Department of Public Works Architecture/Engineering Division And City of San Jose Branch Library Development Team Architect: Banducci Associates Architects Landscape Architect: Lauderbaugh Associates Civil Engineer: Brio Engineering Associates, Inc. Mechanical Engineer: Rumsey Engineers, Inc. LEEDS: Rumsey Engineers, Inc.
Electrical Engineer: Integrated Design Associates, Inc. Low Voltage: Integrated Design Associates, Inc. Acoustical Consultant: Charles M. Salter Associates, Inc. Spec Writer: John Raeber Library Consultant: Hammel, Green & Abrahamson, Inc. General Project Data Location and site: San Jose, CA San Jose is located on northern California. It has a population of about 925,000 and it s the third largest city in CA, following Los Angeles and San Diego and is considered the largest city in the Bay Area. The climate is warm with colder winters. The temperatures vary from an average of 50 degrees in January to an average of 70 degrees in July. This building is located at the intersection of two streets. This provides a good view by pedestrians as well as vehicles bye the north and the west facades. Building occupant name: general public Occupancy or function types (type of building): Library Size (total sq. ft.): Proposed building area: First floor: 17,244 sq ft Parking: 12, 033 sq ft Building: 3,211 sq ft Second floor: 15,984 sq ft Total gross: 33,228 sq ft Total net (85% gross): 28,244 sq ft Number of stories above grade/total levels: 2 floors Dates of construction (start to finish): approx date: January 2004 - January 2005 Actual cost information: Project Budget is $7 million Project delivery method: design-bid-build Architecture Architecture (design and functional components): Banducci Associates Architects City of San Jose Library Major national model code/s: 2001 CBC (CA building code, 1997 UBC with 2001 CA amendments) 2001 CMC (2000 International Mechanical Code with CA amendments) 2001 CFC (2000 International Plumbing Code with CA amendments) 2001 CPC (2000 International Electrical Code with CA amendments) Federal ADA Federal Register / Title III Regulations ( 28 CFR part 36, Revised July 1, 1994) 1999 NFPA 13 with CA amendments 1999 NFPA 72 with CA amendments San Jose Municipal Code Zoning and historical: Zoning District- R-1-B, Single-family residential General Plan designation: Public / Quasi-public No adjacent buildings within 60 ft
Building envelope: The building is steel frame, with full brick veneer at the base (ground) level, and thin brick veneer above. At the angled entry/community room spaces, the exterior material changes to stucco. The large canted wall at the rear of the community living room is also stucco. The free-standing curved entry arcade element is limestone veneer over steel framing. All the window and door frames are aluminum and high performance glazing in all of the exterior glass. Walls and roof are insulated. A small portion of the upper floor - a pop out on the naglee elevation which corresponds to the children's reading window seat area, is clad in both stucco and teak horizontal siding. Also, the small bump out on the first floor, where book returns, occur, is clad in limestone veneer. Brief history The first groundbreaking ceremony was held on May, 1959. This is the third branch of the San Jose Public Library system. The first architect was Higgins and Root, and the new one is Banducci Associates Architects. This new re-building of the library is located at 1580 Naglee Avenue at the corner of Dana Avenue. It is scheduled to open its doors once again in the Summer of 2005. Intro Rosegarden Library is composed of on the first floor is the program room, break area, storage, bathroom, lobby and biggest area is used by the parking garage. The second floor contains areas such as: the Internet Café, Marketplace, new books, upper lobby, quiet study, offices, community living room, adult circulation, staff lounge, tech center, group study room, teen room Children s Reading Area, Storytelling Area, Children s Computer, the last three being the ones I m going to focus on my thesis. So, by this layout, most of the library s active areas are located in the second floor. To enter the library, once must walk in through the freestanding limestone curved entry arcade and then enter the building through the glass walled lobby. Then up the stairs which takes the patron to the second floor where all the books and other library services are located. Rosegarden Branch Library is a great addition to the San Jose community since it also offers after school programs and academic research to special events. My thesis will concentrate on four main spaces within Rosegarden Branch Library. The exterior façade, children s storytelling area, children s circulation and children s computer area will be redesigned. The Proposal I propose to increase the aesthetic quality of the spaces to be redesigned, while at the same time attempt to stay under the power density required as well as stay within the illuminance required according to the IES manual. The current lighting system is composed of mostly downlights. I plan to change this and create a more creative approach to the children s area.
For the exterior, the main goal is to highlight the architectural features, such as materials used and the glass wall surrounding the lobby. It also has a very distinct architecture, with protruding walls, and different levels of roofing. I have chosen four specific spaces for the lighting redesign. These are: The Exterior Façade The Children s Storytelling Area The Children s Circulation Area The Children s Computer Area Lightscape, the lighting program is going to be used in order to determine quality and illuminance analysis of the new fixtures placed in the four spaces. Illuminance levels will also be calculated with Lightscape and shown in renderings as well as false color images showing illuminance gradients. The location being in San Jose, California, energy savings is very important, so that s why power densities will also be calculated. For my breadth, I will focus on Construction Management, with the idea of changing the current carpeting into resilient flooring tiles and the pros and cons of this transformation. Changing the carpet would create an acoustical impact, as the acoustics of the library would change as well, so the second breadth will deal with the repercussions of changing the material of the flooring. In summary, the spotlight of this thesis is a lighting redesign with studies in the disciplines of electrical, construction management and acoustics to support my ideas. The theme of three of my spaces will be in relation to children psychology and the use of geometrical shapes, color and creativity to make these areas look and feel appealing to the child s eye. Northwest façade of building North West Lighting
The exterior space to be re-designed is composed of the north and west facades of the library. For this area, the building, using the symbol of the sun, will try to emanate a glowing effect from within the library. At night, most of the lighting will be turned off. The ones in the lobby however, due to the glass wall that surrounds it, will keep the wallwashers on all night giving that glow from within as well as through the glass wall that faces the free standing entrance arcade. So even though the library s activities will have shut down, there will be nice illuminance coming from the building. Below is a Lightscape rendering of how the façade would look at night. On the north side, the pedestrian sidewalk is illuminated with bollards, which give enough light to make pedestrians feel comfortable and safe with the surroundings. There are also
Purpose This area is the main entrance to the library. It should communicate the function of the building to community members and people walking by. It also provides an entrance and exit to the building. Lighting Concept This area has new ballards, which illuminate the path in front of the building with enough light so pedestrians and community member can access the building without problems. There are also wall-mounted fixtures, which light the face of the building and accent the architecture as well as provide enough light for the entrance of the library. On the west side of the building, there are a couple metal halide bollards as well to illuminate the side of the entrance. This area faces the lobby, so light from the lobby will also come out through the wall made out of glass. Overall, these lights should highlight this area as the entrance of the building. At the same time they give light at night for people who want to access the library for protection and aesthetic reasons. Dimensions This area is located on the north and west exterior surfaces of the building. It includes the entrance/exit of the library and the different wall /window elevations which is visible from both streets which the building is adjacent to. The perimeter of the north face of the building is approximately 152 ft. and the perimeter of the west side of the building is approximately 137 ft. Floor Plan
Finishes The exterior of the library is made out of several materials. These are: Description K1 Full brick veneer Vinyl colored chain link K2 Full brick veneer Color: Sierra Slate CP1 Cement plaster (stucco) Sand finish CP3 Cement plaster (stucco) Sand finish CP4 Cement Plaster Sand finish S1 Limestone W5 Wood Teak Metal gates
Metal fascia and brackets In order to provide a good lighting system for this building, these surfaces need to be highlighted. Lighting Controls The old control device used in the exterior of the building was the astro (dark) on/sched off. It turns on 60 min before sunset and turns off at 10:00pm. There is a new control device called the iplayer 2.0. This apparatus is in charge of creating the different moods in the library. It produces the color changes coming from the stairs in the lobby of the library. New images of facade
The first rendering is composed of cool metal halide exterior light fixtures. The second one has warmer colors ranging in the 3500-3700 K temperature range. The first one is an example of how the library is going to look like with lights emitting from inside the lobby. The lobby has two color lighting schemes. The first one shows more explicitly the light which is projected from the stairs themselves, creating a glowing effect as if the stairs were suspended in the middle of the lobby. This adds to the mood of the library and the theme which is a fairy tale theme. Fixture schedule There are three types of light fixtures used in this area.
Description Exterior Bollard Fixture Code B Mounting Sidewalk Lamp Watts 1 lamp, 35 watt Lamp Type Metal Halide Volts 120 Mounting height Mount bottom of fixture at 9-0 above finished floor. Description Exterior flood light Fixture Code A Mounting surface Lamp Watts 1 lamp, 26 watts Lamp Type Compact Fluorescent Volts 120
Description Surface mounted exterior façade luminaire. Fixture Code F Mounting Surface on wall Lamp Watts 1 lamp, 35 watts Lamp Type CDM35/TD/942 Ballast High power factor ballast. Volts 120 Power Density Label BF LLD LDD Bollard Luminaire LLF Table Cln. Interval 0.95 0.86 0.93 12 months V Ceiling Washlight 0.98 0.86 0.88 12 months IV Cylindrical surface 1 0.85 0.93 12 months II Floodlight 1 0.91 0.88 Room Cavity Ratio: 5 Maint. Cat. Lum Cat. RSDD Other Total LLF Simidirect 0.89 1 0.68 Semi- Direct 0.92 1 0.68 Semi- Direct 0.97 1 0.77 12 monthes V Direct 0.965 1 0.77 Total 2.9
Height 120 Length 288 Width 204 Expected Dirt Depreciation 10% Initial Design LLF Lumen Lumen Bollard 3300 0.68 2244 Wallwasher 1800 0.68 1224 Cylindrical 1800 surface 0.77 1386 Floodlight 1750 0.77 1347.5 Luminaire Schedule Label Description Lamp Ballast Bollard exterior bollard for sidewalk in front of library Four 24W DULUX-L COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS, 3500K color temperature, 82 CRI, 1800 lumen Hi-lume 1% dimming ballast for 26W CFL- 1 lamp- [pf=0.95; BF=.95] Input Watts Total No Used Watts 35 5 175 Wallwasher 6" OPEN DOWNLIGHT WITH SPECULAR REFLECTOR, WALLWASH KICKER. ONE 26-WATT TRIPLE TUBE COMPACT FLUORESCENT, HORIZONTAL POSITION-cat no. CF26DT/E/IN/830, 3000 K color temperature, 82 CRI, 1800 lumen High frequency normal light output electronic ballast for PL-T26W/4P lamp, - Advance [ICF- 2S26-XX-XX] 29 8 232 Floodlights focal floodlight One 26-Watt triple tube CFL [Philips], vertical baseup position, 3000K color temperature, 82 CRI, 1750 lumen High frequency normal light output electronic ballast for PL-T26W/4P lamp, - Advance [ICF- 2S26-XX-XX] 26 16 416
Cylindrical wall washer cylindrical wall-washer 35 5 175 Total Watts 998 Power Density (lm/sq. ft.) 0.0334 Dim (in inch) Height 396 Length 1899 Area (sq. ft)= 29896.06 Width 2267 IES Criteria Building Exterior Entrance- Active (pedestrian/conveyance): Appearance of Space and Luminairs Very important This façade is the face of the building, so it should look appealing to the people passing by in order for them to want to go there. The pathways as well as the entrance itself should be illuminated. They should not Color appearance (and color contrast) Very important The appearance of the entrance ranks high in importance since this area will be seen not only by people walking by, but also by cars driving by the library. Direct Glare Very important The glare coming from the building should be kept to a minimum because it might impact the cars driving by the library. Light Distribution on Surfaces Important The north and west sides of the building need to have an even distribution of light on the surfaces in order to provide an even look. This will ensure that all the surfaces are highlighted with a constant stream of light. Light pollution/trespass Very important There will be no light pollution at night or during the winter, since the surrounding foliage is not lighted. Light should not light other properties around the area either.
Modeling of Faces or Objects Very important This area will be used not only to enter and exit the building, but also for people to meet, socialize or wait for a friend/family member. Because of this, people should be able to have a good quality vision of each other s faces. This area could also be used as a dropping off or picking up point if traveling by car, so it is important that the person driving can identify the people around that area. Safety in this area is also an issue, especially at night, so in order to recognize the people passing by adequate lighting should be necessary. Peripheral Detection Very important This is important in order for people to be able to appropriately illuminate the perimeter of the area so that people walking on the sidewalks and roads, or drivers can see potential hazards in their peripheral vision, especially since the library is located at the intersection of two streets. Point(s) of Interest Very important It is important to illuminate the points of interest properly such as the name of the library so pedestrians and motorists can easily recognize it. The attractive entrance to the library should also be illuminated in order to attract attention to it. Newcomers to the library should also be able to locate the entrance easily, so the illuminance level should be high enough. Reflected Glare Very important Outdoor light fixtures should have a cut-off or semi-cutoff system in order to minimize the glare. These might affect drivers and might also affect the patrons reading or doing work in the library. Shadows Very important Shadows produced should be kept to a minimum since these create uneven light distributions and affect the amount of objects, people or landscape the people walking in and out of the building or just walking by, can see. It affects the whole community, since it would also create a more dangerous environment. Surface Characteristics Very important Reflectance on surfaces such as glass, exterior material of building and surrounding walkways and streets should be low in order to diminish reflected glare. Horizontal Illuminance Very important
Entry areas should be have around 50 lux (5fc) Vertical Illuminance Very important Library exterior facade should have around 30 lux (3 fc) Lightscape North-west view north view
western view
Conclusion The bollards add a nice touch to the building aesthetics. The light coming out from the lobby also adds an interesting impact to the view by pedestrians and automobiles. The main point of lighting the exterior was to highlight the surfaces of the building as well as the different vertical levels in it. The goal was achieve using different types fixtures such as bollards, surface luminaires, wallwashers from the lobby and floodlights. These all work together to enhance the texture and architecture of the building. The power density was kept under a minimum as well, creating good illuminance values as well. The entrance is well lit, creating a safe area for the patrons to enter and exit the library with ease and adequate visibility.
Interior spaces Color study: The color for the walls was chosen based on psychological factors. Color can be associated with moods and emotions. For the circulation/walkway area, the color of light blue/green was picked since according to the Color, Environment & Human Responses book, it states that color widens a narrow area. It also mentions that pastel colors open up a small space and yellow makes a space appear friendlier while in a study on color association also shows that blue, blue-green, green colors were colors related to Peace/tranquility. The blue on the south wall represents a peacemaker color. It has a relaxing effect and it gives positive impressions as calmness, security, comfort, and contemplation. This color is associated with spirituality and wisdom, the perfect combination for a library. At the same time, it relates to tranquility and truth. The yellow walls, which are located in the north side of the space and contain the windows. This color is reflective and luminous. It is the happiest of all colors and has positive associations and impressions as being cheerful, high-spirited and suggestive of the live-giving sun. These represents a bright future, hope, wisdom, and expansiveness. This expansiveness means communication. It is the symbol of Mercury, the messenger of the gods. Communication also means mental and spiritual enlightenment. These are all descriptions which are very appropriate for the image of the library. The location of color in an interior space (ceiling, floor and walls) of color within an interior space can make a great difference in influencing a room s character, the way it is perceived psychologically, and following reactions to it. The colors chosen for the walls represent: yellow walls, can be harmonized with many accent colors and enliven a space in its predominant mood-cheering and friendly flavor. The blue walls, can look cool and distant. In the test done by Heinrich Frieling, the director of the Institute of Color Psychology, there are sound and odor associations with different colors. In association with sound, blue is perceived as being distant, as a flute to violin. Green-blue is soft and gold-yellow represents a fanfare, major key. In association with odor and taste, Yellow is linked to a sour taste and blue is: odorless while green-blue is fresh to salty.
Purpose of Space The Children s storytelling area This area has a circular seating pattern, in different levels going up. Its intended use is for librarians, parents, or young adults to read to children. While it s not being used for storytelling in groups, it may also be used as a sitting area where children can sit and read a book. Along the south wall, there are also bookshelves where the patrons can find picture books. Lighting Concept This storytelling area has a more fun look. Its different layout and design provide a school oriented approach but at the same time make it creative and enjoyable for children. The ceiling also is composed of a circular dropped ceiling over it, which is shaped as a donut. This dropped ceiling holds color changing LED s which will create the mood with its bright colors on the ceiling. The seating area back is made of the same material as the drop ceiling which is a luminous and transparent surface which allows light to go through, and there are LED s located inside thesis back where the patrons can enjoy the color environments created by these lights. Dimensions This area has a square-like geometry, located in the north west area of the second level and has access to the family place, children s circulation and has a arched pattern in different levels in the middle where children can sit. Perimeter: 30x25.6x30.1x26.8 ft aprox Area: 840.76 sq ft
Floor Plan Finishes Floor Material Manufacturer color 100464 CT1 Carpet tile-pop circles Interface Right-on (red) 6099164 CT3 Carpet tile-superflor Interface Pacific sunset (orange) 609162 CT4 Carpet tile- superflor Interface Primavera (green) 609158 CT5 Carpet tile -superflor Interface Kingfisher (blue)
Walls Ceiling R7 Rubber floor Atmosphese Starlight TM 987 Color take 2 B2 Wood maple CP1 Cement plaster (stucco) Integral colored, color to match P4 (sand finish) Integral colored, color CP2 Cement plaster (stucco) to match P1 (sand finish) Color: Maple SL1 Slatwall Display warehouse Groves: clear anodized SL2 Slatwall Display warehouse To match wall color W4 Wood Baltic birch (plywood) Open to structure with AC4 Open acoustical spray on paint P1 AC5 Gypsum board Painted gypsum board AC6 Suspended grid and lay-in tile Armstrong Furnishings There are bookshelves on the south side of the area (to the left in the rendering provided), which contain picture books. In the middle of the area there is a seating area that protrudes from the floor. The back part is made out of a translucent material that has 69% transparency and will glow with the LED lights inside it. The seating area is located right inside the back part and is shaped the same, allowing people to sit there when reading or listening to stories. Daylighting In this area, there are windows on the north side providing daylight and at night some light from the exterior luminairs. There are no skylights. Lighting Controls The control device used in the children s computer area of the library was the manual on/sched off (8am-10pm) type and it uses a time switch with manual switch override. This area also has a new control system that will use DMX 512 color kinetics controller in order to do the color changing with the LED lighting.
Fixtures Description Elegant low profile spun steel 3 1/2" deep x 33" diameter housing encircles a 12 1/2" diameter reveal (open center). Fixture Code B Mounting pendant Lamp Watts 6 lamp BIAX 40 watts Lamp Type 6FT40W Ballast (3) 2 lamp electronic ballast, high power factor. Volts 120
Left rendering: Scion round pendant in middle and five wall washers near south wall. Description 12 color cove LED s two piece vented plastic 45 LED s (15 red, 15 green, 15 blue) with asymmetric direct illumination Color Kinetics CCT 1,000-10,000 K Fixture Code C Mounting On dropped ceiling (surface) Power Consumption Max 6 Watts Lamp Type LED Controls DMX 512 and iplayer 2.0 Volts 120
Description Wall washer Fixture Code A Mounting Recessed Lamp Watts 1 lamp, 42 watts Lamp Type 42 W CFL Ballast Electronic ballast Volts 120 Power Density the allowable power density for a library with stacks is 1.2 W/sf according to Title 24 IES Criteria Reading: printed tasks Appearance of Space and Luminairs Very important This space should look aesthetically pleasing, since this is where children will have books read to them and will be reading themselves when they re older. In order to keep the children s interest on the area and provide a comfortable and pleasing atmosphere, the storytelling space should have an inviting and original look to it.
Light Distribution on Surfaces Important Light distribution on this space should be even in order for people to be able to read at ease. The storytelling area has different levels in a circular pattern, so this area needs even lighting throughout the space. Reflected Glare Very important At the storytelling area, reflected glare might be an issue since it is close to some windows and these might reflect the light coming from the light fixtures. Bare lamps should be avoided and placement of luminairs should be considered. Shadow Somewhat important There should not be shadows on this area, or kept to a minimum since children or parents shouldn t be required to move in order to have a better vision of the book they re reading. Shadow patterns would also be distracting and would provide an unpleasant view. Source/Task/eye Geometry Somewhat important The source of the luminairs in relation to the eye of the person is somewhat important, but due to the composition of the area and the ceiling architecture, the possibilities for luminair placing is a bit limiting. Horizontal Illuminance Important: 300-500 lux (30-50 fc) There should be enough light on the area in order for adults to read to their children as well as for children to read storybooks. There should be enough illuminance as well in case people want to read books with fine print.
Title 24 Allowed Lighting Power Library: Reading areas: 1.2 W/sqft Label Description Lamp Ballast Input Watts Total No Used Watts Wallwasher Wallwasher Ceiling recessed One CFM 42W GX24q-4, 3500K CCT, 82 CRI, 3200 lumen Smartmate Programmed Start 4-pin Triple Tube [CFTR42W/GX24q] 46 5 230 icove12 LED LED 12 inch total length (45 LEDs: 15 red, 15 blue, 15 green) - 6 41 246 Pendant Scion indirect/direct pendant 3-26 W lamps 33 1 33 Total Watts 509 Dim (in ft) Height 15.5 Length 38 Area (sq. ft)= 1444 Power Density (lm/sq. ft.) 0.3525 Width 38 Label BF LLD LDD Ceiling Washlight 0.98 0.86 0.88 12 months IV Luminaire LLF Table Cln. Maint. Interval Cat. Lum Cat. RSDD Other Total LLF Semi- Direct 0.92 1 0.68 icove12 Pendant 1 0.9 0.86 12 months VI Indirect 0.88 1 0.68 1 0.94 0.91 12 months II Dir/Indirect 0.915 1 0.78
Room Cavity Ratio: 5 Height 15.5 Length 29 Width 29 Expected Dirt Depreciation 10% Initial Lumen LLF Design Lumen Ceiling Washlight 3200 0.68 2176 LED icove12 51 0.68 35 pendant 2900 0.78 2262 Lightscape Rendering
above: without the dropped ceiling above: with dropped ceiling
For the storytelling seating For the dropped ceiling LEDs: Location of fixtures on top views:
Pendant is located in the center
above: LEDs (icolorcove12 ) in the seating area. Design Conclusions This area has good illuminance values, and it is pretty uniform. The bookshelves along the wall also provide good illuminance in order to be able to read the titles. The LEDs provide the seating area to glow in different colors. Although it can t be seen clearly using Lightscape, it should work due to the transmittance and transparency of the material (sand blasted glass). The power density was acceptable and it actually went down from the original design. So there is energy conservation as well as better aesthetic quality on this area. There were various changes in this space, since it is the most fun area in the library. This semi-square area has a circular (half-moon) shaped seating area made out of ½ sandblasted glass. This material diffuses and transmits the LEDs which are inside it as shown on the detail above. This seating area back rest will glow from within and change colors as time passes by. This should be a major attraction for young kids. The circular dropped ceiling should change colors as well and hope that it also makes kids more eager to come back to the library and read.
Children s Circulation Function of Space The circulation area has shelves/stacks for books as well as for patrons to sit down on the couches and read. The books found in this area hold mostly paperback and thin hardcover books for young children. This area is used to look and choose books out of shelves. Flipping through the pages and reading parts of books as well as looking at the pictures will probably be other activities performed in this area. It will have shelves for books throughout the space. It contains stacks as well and serves as a corridor leading to the storytelling area of the library, while on the other end leads to the children s computer area. The circulation area also serves as a place where family members and friends can come and read books to each other or to themselves. There are couches available to ensure a comfortable atmosphere. Lighting Concept This area should be creative and aesthetically pleasing. It should represent the creativity and fantasy created in a child s mind. This way, it can attract more children to the library and they can start enjoying reading at an early age. The children s circulation area is the space where kids and parents will be looking through books, browsing through the titles in the shelves. This area needs to have a sufficient amount of vertical illuminance so reading between shelves will be comfortable. Uniform lighting will be important as well in order to avoid shadows that will cause discomfort and irritability. The light fixtures in this space are all recessed, providing a less cluttered look. Dimensions This area has a rectangular shape with the northwest face slightly curved. Although open on both left and right to the storytelling area and computer area respectively, it is a long and spacious space where people can browse for books and access the stacks on the south side. Area: 1894.4 sq ft aprox
Floor Plan Finishes This area has a colorful carpet with a turquoise background and circles in red, orange, and green all throughout it. Floor Walls Ceiling Material Manufacturer Color 100464 CT1 Carpet tile Interface Right-on (red) 609164 CT3 Carpet tile-superflor Interface Pacific sunset (orange) 609162 CT4 Carpet tile Interface Primavera (green) 609158 CT5 Carpet tile Interface Kingfisher (blue) B1 MDF Baltic Byrch W2 Wood (plywood) W3 Wood paneling Open to structure with AC4 Open acoustical spray on paint P1 AC5 Gypsum board AC6 Suspended grid and layin tile Armstrong
Furnishings This library holds bookshelves which hold children s books. These will probably be either thin hardback books or paperbacks. These shelves are lined with each two placed back to back. There are also couches which serve as an easy reading area. These provide comfortable seating and a more relaxed atmosphere where families can come and read to each other. Daylighting There are six windows providing light on the north side of the circulation area, providing light during the day. Lighting Controls The control device used in the children s computer area of the library was the manual on/sched off (8am-10pm) type and it uses a time switch with manual switch override. Another type of control system used is the DMX system for color kinetics. This, along wih the i-player 2.0 conform the method of controls for the color changing mechanism. IES Criteria Libraries: Book Stacks- Active Appearance of Space and Luminairs Somewhat important Space should look visibly appealing since it is an area for mostly children to find their interest in reading and for them to feel comfortable and at east at the library. Color appearance (and color contrast) Important The color appearance and color contrast of an area influences the aesthetics and appearance of a space. A lamp with CRI of 70 is acceptable for a library. Direct Glare Very important Direct glare should be avoided so reading a book is comfortable. Specular louvers on luminairs should be avoided. Luminairs that produce uplight or uplight/downlight are recommended as well as a high ceiling reflectance since it minimizes the contrast between luminairs and the ceiling.
Light Distribution on Surfaces Somewhat important Illumination on surfaces should be maintained constant to allow patrons to be able to browse through the books comfortable without having to move in order to get more light. People should be able to read the titles of the books with ease as well. Light distribution on Task Plane (uniformity) Important The light distribution in the children s circulation area is important in order for people to be able to read, write and browse for books in a comfortable atmosphere free of distracting light patters. Reflected Glare Important Reflected glare could be present from other surfaces or from the luminairs itself. The library needs to have surfaces that are not as glossy or reflect the glare from light fixtures. This could also be achieved by correct placement of light fixtures. Special Considerations: Degradation factors are important to consider. Vertical Illuminance Very important: Children and adults need to be able to see in between the shelves of books. Since titles of books are read on the vertical plane, this circulation area s vertical illuminace criteria is very important. Correct illumination in these areas is even harder to achieve if the shelves are tall. Vertical illuminance in this space should be: 300 lux (30fc) At 30 above floor Vertical Illuminance Very important: Study Desks horizontal illuminace should be: 300 lux (30fc) Library Stacks Inactive shoud be 50 lux horizontal (5fc) Library Book Stacks Actives 300 lux (30fc) Title 24 Allowed Lighting Power Library: Stacks: 1.5 W/sqft Reading Areas: 1.2 W/sqft Power Density
Label BF LLD LDD Luminaire LLF Table Cln. Interval Maint. Cat. Ceiling Washlight 0.98 0.86 0.86 12 months IV icove12 Lum Cat. RSDD Other Total LLF Semi- Direct 0.87 1 0.63 1 0.9 0.86 12 months VI Indirect 0.88 1 0.68 Pendants- T8 0.88 0.94 0.96 12 months II LC Downlight Direct- Indirect 0.91 1 0.72 0.98 0.86 0.89 12 months IV Direct 0.965 1 0.72 Room Cavity Ratio: 13 Height 15.5 Length 24.3 Width 8 Expected Dirt Depreciation 10% Initial Lumen LLF Design Lumen Ceiling Washlight 3200 0.63 2016 icove12 51 0.68 35 Pendants -T8 8600 0.72 6192 LC Downlight 3200 0.72 2304 For Design #1 with Downlights Fixture Description Lamp Ballast Input Watts Total No Used Watts
Downlight downlight One CFM 42W GX24q- 4, 3500K CCT, 82 CRI, 3200 lumen Smartmate Programmed Start 4-pin Triple Tube [CFTR42W/GX24q] 46 40 1840 icove12 LED 45 LEDs (15 green, 15 red, 15 blue), 3500K CCT, 1,000-10,000-5.5 57 313.5 Total Watts 2153.5 Dim (in ft) Height 15.5 Power Density (lm/sq. ft.) 1.08797793 Length 27.8 Area (sq. ft)= 1979.36 Width 71.2 For design #2 with Linear Pendants Fixture Description Lamp Ballast Input Watts Total No Used Watts icove12 LED 45 LEDs (15 green, 15 red, 15 blue), 3500K CCT, 1,000-10,000-5.5 57 313.5
Linear Pendants Pendant 24W, 4' T8 OCTRON ECOLOGIC fluorescent lamp [Sylvania], 4100K color temperature, rare earth phosphor, 82 CRI, 2950 lumen High frequency normal light output electronic ballast for 32W T8 lamp, packaged 20 pieces per case - Sylvania 96 20 1920 Total Watts 2233.5 Dim (in ft) Height 15.5 Power Density (lm/sq. ft.) 1.128395 Length 27.8 Width 71.2 Area (sq. ft)= 1979.36 Lightscape Rendering Lighting space #1
above: circles =downlights above: red dashes = icove LEDs above: red ies files represent the downlights
Illuminance renderings of circulation area with downlights. Space design two View from east side View from computer area
View from under the dropped ceiling
Fixture schedule Description 12 color cove LED s two piece vented plastic 45 LED s (15 red, 15 green, 15 blue) with asymmetric direct illumination Color Kinetics CCT 1,000-10,000 K Fixture Code C Mounting On dropped ceiling (surface) Power Consumption Max 6 Watts Lamp Type LED Controls DMX 512 and iplayer 2.0 Volts 120
Description Indirect/direct pendant -Provides 20% - 30% downlight for task lighting where needed. - Litecontrol Fixture Code D Mounting Pendant Lamp Watts 3 lamp,26 watts Lamp Type Octron FO28/800XP/SS/ECO Ballasts 2 lamp electronic ballast, high power factor. 1 lamp electronic ballast, high power factor. Volts 120 Conclusion: The power density was considerably high, due to the pendants which consume a lot of power. When using the downlights (the alternative design) the power density proved to be lower. The design with pendants however was a more even on surfaces and would be a better environment for reading books. The cove lighting produced a nice effect on this area and adds a bit of creativity and color which is key in a child s setting. Purpose of Space Children s Computer Area This area hold s several VDT screens where children can research on the computers, find books, play games or use it for projects. It is also a space where people can read, write or draw. At the end of the computer area, there is also a corridor that leads to the family area, bookshelves and storytelling area. Although this area is mainly designed for VDT use, there are other activities which can be performed as well. For example reading magazines, since the magazine rack is next to it on the eastern wall.
Lighting Concept This area has mostly light fixtures with linear fluorescent lamps and compact fluorescent ones that provide an energy efficient design. One of these fixtures is recessed in order to provide light on the art work on the wall. Then on either side of the dropped ceiling be pendants and will provide an attractive look to the section. The main idea behind this area is to create a calm and relaxing atmosphere where kids can come in and work on their projects or just look for information on the computers. It is a pretty open space since it is connected to the circulation area as well and leads to the internet café behind it. This area has the same colors as mentioned before in the color psychology. Light blue and yellow. These create a good atmosphere filled with peacefulness with a touch of vivacity with the help of the LEDs which are located over the dropped ceiling creating a sense of continuity and motion since the color keeps changing over time. Dimensions This area is located on the north east area of the second level of the library. It is rectangular-like area which has access to the internet café and the circulation area. Perimeter 97-10 aprox Area: 578.4 sqft Floor Plan
Finishes The finishes in the interior of the building, specifically in the computer area of the library are these: Floor Walls Ceiling Code Material Manufacturer color R7 Rubber floor Atmosphese B1 Base Carpet Diff size circles P1 Plastic laminate Wilson art 9711-60 manitoba maple P10 Paint Benjamin Moore 2004-10 Deep rose eggshell finish SL2 Slatwall Display warehouse To match wall color AC5 Gypsum board AC6 Suspended grid and layin Armstrong tile
Furnishings The computer area has desks that hold VDT screens on them and chairs to go with them. There are also a couple of shelves along the walls to hold magazines and newspapers, but other than that, it will probably have no more furniture since the main purpose of the space is to hold VDTs. There might also be artwork on the walls, so there should be adequate lighting for that. Daylighting There are three windows on the north side of the building that provide light during the day in the computer room area. Lighting Controls The control device used in the children s computer area of the library was the manual on/sched off (8am-10pm) type and it uses a time switch with manual switch override. IES Criteria Reading - Data Processing Tasks - VDT screens: Appearance of Space and Luminairs Important Space should have a uniform appearance, which will look orderly. It should have a relaxing feel to it. Children need to feel comfortable in this space. It needs to have an original look, in order for kids to be able to come in and not feel uncomfortable or uptight in it. Since most computer rooms are always bland, boring and cold, this particular one should be different, it should have a pleasant feel to it, where kids won t mind going to and learning new things, or looking for information at. Daylighting Integration and Control Important Blinds or shades on windows should be used in order to control the glare and thermal discomfort from the sun and sky. High reflectance walls would be an option in order to reduce the contrast between the brightness coming in from the windows and the brightness from the walls. Direct Glare Very important Direct glare in this space should be reduced to provide visual comfort and improved visibility of books, VDT screens and related tasks. If these tasks should be performed over extended periods of time direct glare may cause distraction and discomfort to the patrons.
Light Distribution on Surfaces Important Light distribution on surfaces such as VDT screens should be kept uniform in order to achieve visual comfort. Distribution on walls, ceilings and floor should be constant as well, but at the same time creating visual interest, possibly using more than one kind of fixture, which is achieved in this area. Too many different kinds of luminairs on the other hand would create shadows and irregular intensities on surfaces. So a balance of uniformity and pleasant appearance should be accomplished. Light distribution on Task Plane (Uniformity) Very important There should be a uniform distribution of light on the task plane in order to achieve comfort while in the children s computer room. This can be achieved by spacing the luminairs so that the illuminance pattern on the workplane is within the recommended uniformity range. Indirect or indirect/direct light fixtures would also help with a uniform light distribution. Should avoid luminairs that form light patterns on the walls. Luminance between the workplane and the other surfaces in the area should not have too much contrast as well. Luminance of Room Surfaces Important The reflectance on the surfaces such as walls, ceiling and floor should be pretty high in order to increase interreflections and reduce the contrast of luminairs against their background. This would also help with amount of energy used since less luminairs and less wattage are used. Should try to avoid excessive brightness or visible shadows on task surfaces as well as on walls and ceiling in order to produce a visually appealing area. Walls should have about 50% to 70% reflectance and ceilings from 75% to 90%. Reflected Glare Very important The computer lab should have lighting that will minimize the reflected glare from the VDT screens in order to provide a more comfortable environment for the patrons. In order to achieve the usage of computer screens with diffused finishes, anti-reflection coatings and high background luminance would be ideal to lessen eye discomfort while performing tasks such as reading, writing, typing and drawing. These VDT screens should also face away from the windows to avoid the glare. Shadows Important Shadows on work surface or patron s faces created by the luminairs would be a distraction and an annoyance for the patrons, so luminairs should be chosen carefully in order to avoid this. System Control and Flexibility Important
Since different types of tasks require different illuminance levels, make sure the area with VDT screens has appropriate lighting and the hallways part of the computer area has lighting appropriate for walking and accessing other areas of the library. Different light levels could also be achieved by using two separate circuits. Dimming is also another possibility in order to provide a different effect. Horizontal Illuminance Important: Horizontal 30 lux (3fc) People need to be able to see what they are reading or writing on the task planes. Vertical Illuminance Very important: Vertical 30 lux (3fc) Patrons in the library need to be able to read a book held vertically or placed on a horizontal surface. Correct illumination on computer surfaces is also critical, that is why vertical illuminance in this area is important. Power Density the allowable power density for a library with stacks is 1.2 W/sf according to Title 24 Luminaire Schedule Fixture Description Lamp Ballast Input Watts Total No Used Watts Ceiling Washlight Wallwasher One CFM 42W GX24q-4, 3500K CCT, 82 CRI, 3200 lumen Smartmate Programmed Start 4-pin Triple Tube [CFTR42W/GX24q] 46 1 46 icove12 color LED 12' LED (15 LED's in red, green and blue= 45 total) - 6 36 216 Pendant -T8 Indirect/direct standard T8 lamp, 2.25" X 48" fixture 28W, 4' T8 OCTRON ECOLOGIC fluorescent lamp [Sylvania], 4100K color temperature, rare earth phosphor, 82 CRI, 2725 lumen High frequency normal light output electronic ballast for 32W T8 lamp, packaged 20 pieces per case - Sylvania 96 8 768 Total Watts 1030
Dim (in ft) Height 15.5 Power Density (lm/sq. ft.) 1.781 Length 27.8 Width 20.8 Area: (sq. ft.)= 578.24 sqft Lightscape rendering The LED lighting above the suspended ceiling can be appreciated in this picture. Fixture schedule Downlight and uplight are isolated from each other and controlled separately
Description Indirect/direct pendant -Provides 20% - 30% downlight for task lighting where needed. - Litecontrol Fixture Code D Mounting Pendant Lamp Watts 3 lamp,26 watts Lamp Type Octron FO28/800XP/SS/ECO Ballasts 2 lamp electronic ballast, high power factor. 1 lamp electronic ballast, high power factor. Volts 120 Description 12 color cove LED s two piece vented plastic 45 LED s (15 red, 15 green, 15 blue) with asymmetric direct illumination Color Kinetics CCT 1,000-10,000 K Fixture Code C Mounting On dropped ceiling (surface) Power Consumption Max 6 Watts Lamp Type LED Controls DMX 512 and iplayer 2.0 Volts 120
Description 5 Washlight - ERCO Fixture Code A Mounting Pendant Lamp Watts 1 lamp, 42 watts Lamp Type One CFM 42W GX24q-4, 3500K CCT, 82 CRI, 3200 lumen Ballast (1) 1 lamp electronic ballast, high power factor. Volts 120
Lightscape Rendering
Conclusions The illuminance is pretty even on the floor as well as on the task areas. The illuminance values are a bit bright, but this may be due to the lamps used. The power density was brighter than the one allowed by Title 24, but since there is lighting for wall artwork, that
would make the allowable power density higher by 0.35 W/sqft. Although the energy was not conserved that well in this space, it is aesthetically pleasing. This area also has controls which help with the color changing of the LED s located above the dropped ceiling as shown in the circulation area section. Electrical System The power of Rosegarden Library is supplied from PG&E, the connection is located in the exterior of north side of the building. The transformer is located in the Electrical Equipment room on the ground level. Conduit Schedule Tag Quantity Conduit (IN) Use Remarks 1 1 2 1/2 (4)#4/0+(1)#4G 2 3 5 PG&E to install conductors 3 2 4 PG&E to install conductors System Type The Rosegarden Library has a radial circuit arrangement. This building is composed of a main switchboard that branches out to the five control panels in the building. This system is the simplest of the circuit arrangements since there is only one primary feeder and one transformer through which the associated secondary bus is served. In order to leave it as simple as possible in order to avoid confusion with the maintenance and electricians, this system will be left the same. Utilization Voltage The Utilization voltage of this building is 208/120 V and it is used on both levels. Transformer Configuration Rosegarden Library uses Nema 3R, UON Transformer in exterior of building with a copper clad grounding rod. This is one of the best and most expensive kinds of system available. It is located on the northeast side of the building. This transformer is provided by PG&E, and they don t give us the rating. When you ask for a certain rating, they usually give you less. So it will probably be according to one of the electrical engineers working on the project, and since it is a relatively small building a 300 kva transformer (830 Amps) will probably be provided. The secondary voltage is 120/208V, 3 phase. The library does not have much control over this, since it is owned by the city of San Jose. It is a public building.
Emergency Power System The emergency power system will not have automatic transfer switches since there is no emergency generator. There is a UPS in the telecom room though, which the library is providing for battery backup for the server. Emergency light fixtures have emergency ballasts incorporated, so there would be enough light in case of an emergency, for about 90 min. for most of them. These are all operated mainly in 120V. In addition, a shunt trip circuit breaker is provided for the elevator. Over Current Protective Devices There is an over current protection device which is a 1000 A, 3 phase circuit breaker. There is also a transformer assembly with two 40 VA transformers with separate secondaries in the relay panels. Transformers include internal over current protection with automatic reset and metal oxide varistor protection against power line spikes. 120 or 277 VAC as required, 60 Hz +/- 10%. Location of switchgears, panelboards and motor centers The main switchboard is located in the Electrical Equipment room (room 108 on the first floor). there are no switchboards in Rosegarden since they hold loads between 2000 5000 amps, and are more expensive. Switchboards are used in this building since we only need front access to it and since it is not that big, we just need it to hold 800-2000 (but could go up to 5000) amps. The mechanical equipment table will remain the same since no mechanical gear was changed. Mechanical Equipment Table Mech Eq Type Service Voltage Phase Hz Full Load Amps ACU 1 Natural gas HTG Library central area 208 3 60 66 Electrical CLG Package Unit ACU 2 Natural gas HTG Electrical CLG Package Unit Library North Exposures 208 3 60 73 ACU 3 ACU 4 Natural gas HTG Electrical CLG Package Unit Natural gas HTG Electrical CLG Package Unit Library South Exposures Library 1 st floor community room 208 3 60 86 208 3 60 23 Typical lighting system All the lighting systems in the building operate on 208/120V. The most common light fixtures in this library are the fluorescent light fixtures, either linear florescent or compact fluorescent. These lamps were chosen for their low power consumption and easy maintenance and repair.
All the ballasts in the light fixtures have a high power factor, CBM certified and bear the UL label. The electronic ballasts need to be high power factor, high frequency and suitable for lamps specified. The library has a Smartwire relay lighting control system as well as DMX controls, in order to allow for color changing in the LED s. Fixture Code Lamps - total Input Watts Volts Description Mounting A 1-42 120 5 Diameter, compact fluorescent washlight. Recessed B (2x40,2x36) 120 Direct/Indirect fluorescent pendant fixture. Pendant 232 C 1-6 120 12 color LED ( 45 LEDs) Surface D (2-28, 1-40) 120 Linear fluorescent pendant. Pendant 76 E 1-42 120 Compact fluorescent downlight recessed F 1-35 120 Metal Halide Bollard. Surface G 1-26 Floodlight H 1-35 120 Cylindrical surface mounted Wall Surface The new lighting design loads have been placed on a 208v panelboard which would be fed from the panelboard. Since the loads have been reduced on the switchboard, it is going to be left as is. On the four spaces analyzed, there were not enough new fluorescent lighting to fill up a decent sized panelboard. The panel is going to be left unsized due to the fact that that only a portion of the total load can be applied to the panelboard without a full building analysis. Mechanical Equipment Table Mech Eq Type Service Voltage Phase Hz Power factor Full Load Amps ACU 1 ACU 2 ACU 3 ACU 4 Natural gas HTG Electrical CLG Package Unit Natural gas HTG Electrical CLG Package Unit Natural gas HTG Electrical CLG Package Unit Natural gas HTG Electrical CLG Package Unit Library central area Library North Exposures Library South Exposures Library 1 st floor community room 208 3 60 0.9 66 208 3 60 0.9 73 208 3 60 0.9 86 208 3 60 0.9 23 EF1 Centrifugal Men/women 120 1 60.9 5.8
EF2 EF3 EF4 GD1 EV1 exhauster Centrifugal exhauster Centrifugal exhauster Centrifugal exhauster restrooms Men/women restrooms Men/women restrooms & public/staff Men/women restrooms & public/staff Parking Garage Elevator equip room 120 1 60.9 5.8 120 1 60.9 9.8 120 1 60.9 5.8 120 1 60.9 9.8 208 1 60.9 Utility The local utility used to distribute power to the building is Pacific Gas & Electric. PG&E will provide all the electricity for Rosegarden. Controls The controls used in this building were mostly DMX and iplayer 2.0 for the colored cove lights. This control along with the light system manager software, should provide enough and easy information in order for the library caretakers to program different views or environments in the children s area of the library. These controls will allow for color changing through time. There will be various programmed scenes which will run through the day creating vibrant colors which will energize the space.
Construction Management Breadth Cost Analysis The San Jose Public Library is a project that has been on hold because of funding for several years. This cost analysis will help reduce the initial costs and maintenance cost of the library by changing the flooring system. The new system will reduce costs in order to make it a more feasible project to fund. Aesthetics The vision of this task is to create a cost effective yet aesthetically pleasing environment for library visitors. This was done by selecting the Vinyl composition tile as the material of choice. This material comes in a variety of colors and it is also easy to install. Acoustics The redesign of the interior flooring has to take into consideration the parking garage that is located below the library. Library visitors will expect quiet conditions inside the library, therefore the material must contain similar soundproofing capacity like the system in place. Mold Climate data for San Jose shows that this area is warm and humid. These conditions can create a potential mold problem within buildings. The San Jose Library contains a great amount of books. These books if wet can create a potential mold threat. The current carpeting system will help propagate the mold more quickly than the proposed systems. A large percentage of glazing in the building also creates a potential for water infiltration and mold. Current System: The current system in place in the library is a 32 oz Nylon Plush carpet. This carpet contains circular patterns to match the building theme. This carpet needs to be custom ordered which can add significant costs to the project.
Selected tile Courtesy of www.congoleum.com Proposed System: In order to address this problem, a proposed resilient flooring system is suggested. The resilient floor system selected is a vinyl 12 x 12 solid colored system. Because the tiles are relatively small, they can be arranged in sequences that can create patterns. This can be done without having to custom order the tiles, and without significantly increasing the installation time. The following charts show some of the pros and cons of the original system and the proposed system: Resilient Flooring Pros Cons Cheaper Lengthier installation Can be replaced on a tile basis Requires more quality control Greater Durability Replacement tiles easily stored Waterproof Cleaned in house Pros Quicker to install Installed from rolls Carpeting Cons Expensive to clean Can obtain water damage Harder to replace