Creating integrated recycling channels and economic systems Olivier BEGOUEN 3 December 2015
Introduction Recycling: recycling is a process whereby waste is treated with the aim of introducing material originating from a product that has come to the end of its life cycle, or manufacturing residues, into the production cycle of a new product Recycling in France Manufacturers / distributors Industrial sector channels and the FEDEREC (French federation of recycling operators) Public sector channels: in charge of collecting and treating household waste 2 This presentation will focus on: Recycling channels recently set up in France for limited and dispersed arisings.
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Why should recycling channels be set up? A recycling channel can address three types of rationale: Market economy: this concerns the secondary raw material market Statutory obligations: negative economy, waste treatment Subsidised economy (contributions): For environmental purposes For marketing purposes 4
Recycling channels The main channels: multi-site and multi-operator organisation, European/worldwide trade (paper, cardboard, metal, plastic, etc.) National channels / national organisations Local channels: Recycling Reuse is also taken into consideration: short supply chains / local organisation 5
EPR: Extended Producer Responsibility (application of the polluter-pays principle A statutory obligation Example: European Directive of 2012 on electrical and electronic waste: the target is to recycle / treat 65% of the tonnage of products placed on the market or 85% of separatelycollected WEEE by 2019. Eco-organisations: private organisations subject to ministerial approval, in charge of collecting funds from member producers and of financing the collection and treatment of these members products at the end of their life cycle. 6 An organisation
Example of a national recycling channel: textile 7
Dedicated channels in France Waste batteries and accumulators WEEE (waste electrical and electronic equipment) Tyres Packaging Unsolicited advertising materials Scrapped vehicles Furniture Household hazardous and special waste Clinical waste Other types of waste to come (construction waste, etc.). 8 EPR: Concept developed by 3 economists in the 1980s (Gary Davis, Thomas Lindqvist & Reid Lifset) then adopted by the OECD.
Waste collection and recycling centres Household waste Waste from businesses Waste collection centre in Bissy 9 Recycl Inn waste collection centre in Floirac (France)
Waste collection and recycling centres 10 First established in France 20 years ago: 4618 waste collection centres in France today (census: Sinoe/Ademe) 65% of waste collected there is sent to waste recovery channels (materials, organic, waste-to-energy) 197 kg per inhabitant per year of waste collected at waste collection centres 97% of the population has access to a waste collection centre 120,986,700 visits per year 100 kg/visit 12.9Mt in 2013 Today, integrated waste treatment channels generate revenue.
Organised treatment routes In waste collection centres: Household WEEE Batteries and accumulators Tyres Household furniture Textile products Household hazardous waste 11 Clinical waste With Eco-organisations Financial and / or technical support Communication
Example: furniture waste (2013) 12 Creation of the category: 1 January 2013 Concerns businesses and households More than 2 million tonnes per year, including 1.4 million for households ECO-MOBILIER (state-approved furniture recycling organisation): Created by 24 distributors and producers Target: 45% reused and recycled by 2017 (date of expiry of the approval) On 31/12/13: 17.5 million inhabitants covered 10,000 tonnes collected 6400 members Obligation to create centres all around France Agreement with EMMAUS and the network of ressourceries (centres that recover and sell reusable waste): 300 sites Ressourceries : in a given area, they manage a reusable waste collection, recovery and resale centre, and sometimes dispense environmental education.
Example: Textile products, linen and shoes (TLC in French) Government authorities Marketers of new textile products, linen and shoes Reporting Approval Membership contract Agreement Sorting operators (Eg. PF, Relais) Convention Information Awareness-raising 13 Local authorities Information Awareness-raising Population
Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in France Collection target: 4 kg/year/inhab. (for an arising of approximately 14 kg/year/inhab.). Recovery rates for household WEEE: between 60 & 80% of waste collected depending on the category. Target for 2019: 65% of the tonnage of products placed on the market and 85% of separately-collected appliances (and 20 kg/inhab./year in 2020). Free recovery of small appliances (with no obligation to purchase new ones) by shops with an electrical & electronic equipment sales surface area larger than 400 m². 14
Waste electrical and electronic equipment People have achoice: 15 Take their appliance to a waste collection centre Trade in their appliance against a new one in a shop Donate it to the social economy
Waste electrical and electronic equipment 16
Objective: to extend the principle to other types of waste, such as construction waste Target set by the government: recover 70% of waste generated by the construction and public works sector by 2020. Resources: as of 1 January 2017, B2B construction material, product and equipment distributors will be required to become organised to recover waste generated by the same type of materials. 17 Recovery by the company: companies will be required to provide evidence to the competent authorities with regard to the type of waste collected and their use in terms of recovery rather than disposal.
Construction waste (continued) By 2020, the French Government and local authorities must ensure that 70% of materials and waste generated by construction sites or road maintenance works for which they act as the project Owner must be reused or recycled. Public contracts: priority must be given to the use of materials obtained from reusing, recovering or recycling waste, with commitments being set by each regional council between 2017 and 2020. 18
What kind of waste and what agreements with ecoorganisations? Distributors must take back construction materials, products and equipment, and waste resulting from the same type of products that they sell. Allows the creation of a pooled site shared with other dealers in order to increase flows, with collection of either on site or within a maximum radius of 10 km. Consultation with local authorities. Increasing the number of sites where building construction contractors can drop off their waste is a positive decision. 19
Collection of plastic waste Household packaging waste has been collected in France since 1993 through Eco-emballages 25% of plastic packaging waste is recycled in 2014 Two major actions: Work on the products = Eco-concept Extend collection: 2016 2022 o Simplify the collection process o Develop the recycling channels (from an economic standpoint) 20
Collection of plastic waste Examples of eco-designed products Plastic and soft packaging manufacturers are pro-active with regard to improving their processes and proposing innovative products Investments in 2013 vs 2012: +10-15% (average in the industrial sector: +4%) A few examples of eco-designed innovations 21 Rfresh Elite: Mono-PET tray for meat with a secure seal on the edge: 20% weight saving Kapseal: Mono-PP tray for meat to replace complex trays Ecosolution: airless cosmetics bottle, pump comprising 4 recyclable plastic parts (vs 10 on average)
22 What kind of waste and what agreements with ecoorganisations? Dedicated channel: the case of furniture ECO-MOBILIERS: territory coverage targets (Order dated 15 June 2012 relating to the approval procedure and laying down the specifications regarding eco-organisations involved in treatment of furniture waste): 1 drop-off point for 7000 inhabitants in rural areas (density < 70 inhab./km 2 ). 1 drop-off point for 15,000 inhabitants in semi-urban areas (density between 70 & 700 inhab./km 2 ) when a door-to-door collection channel is available for this population, otherwise one point for 12,000 inhabitants 1 drop-off point for 50,000 inhabitants in urban areas (density > 700 inhab./km 2 ) when a door-to-door collection channel is available for this population, otherwise 1 point for 25,000 inhabitants. No 1-for-1 take-back obligation, unlike WEEE.
Example: hazardous waste 23 Quantity of hazardous products marketed (source: ADEME 2007) 43,000 tonnes of household waste: EPR 135,000 tonnes of waste from businesses: not included in EPR Collection figures (source: ADEME 2007) Approx. 29,000 tonnes collected at waste collection centres 0.45 kg/inhabitant/year Only 44% of this tonnage is generated by households i.e. approx. 0.2 kg/inhab./year Targets for the channel Increase collection by 10% per year Reach 0.5 kg/inhab/year (for household arisings)
Waste channels for businesses are also multiplying Cycléon: fluorescent lamps Recovinyl: PVC Solar panels Conibi, ProXL: Printer cartridges Waste oil 24
Conclusion Integrated recycling channels are efficient, promising organisations: They reduce direct impacts on the environment They increase recycling (raw material and energy savings) They contribute to recovery/reuse They have an influence on product design by getting producers and sellers involved They contribute to raising the awareness of users (repair, reuse, recycling) and consumers (eco-tax, packaging, life span) They stimulate social interaction (waste collection centres) 25
Thank you for your attention! 26