MRSS1123 Landscape Conservation and Sustainable Development Khairul Kamarudin October 2017
DEVELOPMENT CONSERVATION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
LANDSCAPE DEFINITION Landscape is the environment experienced by individuals. It carries a wide meaning the structure of geology and soil, flora and fauna, patterns of human activities such as plantations, forestry, housing, and industry + interaction between natural resources and human needs, which include efforts towards appreciating beauty and aesthetic values, architecture and the overall ecology and history of an area. Natural landscape consists of the land forms, geology, waterbodies as well as flora and fauna. Built landscapes includes human settlements, plantation areas, open spaces, public parks, public areas, as well as heritage and tourism areas, which include beauty and aesthetic values, architecture and the overall ecology and history of the area.
LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION As a city traditionally developed, the landscape chosen for the site was incorporated into urban design and planning. This urban place, shaped over decades and centuries, expresses its altered heritage landscape, the interaction of nature and culture. Conservation of urban landscape can be directly linked to spirit of place in the landscape because it is from the landscape that the original canvas of urban form emerged. It also to preserve the character of the place.
http://www.largelandscapenetwork.org/about/landscape-conservation-what/ Is an innovative and essential new conservation paradigm rapidly growing practice of people working together across large geographies, regardless of political boundaries, to conserve our natural and cultural heritage and ensure a sustainable future for both people and nature. Landscape conservation initiatives are long-term efforts generally characterized by a focus on: (1) conservation of connected, healthy ecological systems; (2) use of science-based and culturally sensitive conservation planning; (3) collaborative network structure (formal or informal); and (4) meaningful multi-sector stakeholder engagement.
RELATIONSHIP LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Urban landscape conservation is a particularly extended field of activity, both in the academic and public policy sectors. In all regions of the world, issues related to urban landscape conservation and regeneration, policies have been dominant in the architectural and planning professions both formally and informally. Lack of understanding due to lack of systematic research on the global and local situations of urban landscape has been carried out so far, due largely to the subject s great diversity.
RELATIONSHIP LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT While monumental and archaeological heritage have found a global definition and enjoy a largely agreed international scientific system of principles and practices, the same cannot be said of urban landscape. Example (historic urban landscape) Several attepts by heritage professionals to frame urban landscape heritage conservation into policies (the 1987 ICOMOS Washington Charter for the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas + the 2011 Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape) not very succesful.
THE NEED FOR LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION - SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECT To create a conducive social environment through the provision of ecofriendly public facilities, whereby the usage, preservation and conservation of natural resources can be balanced to create and improve landscape diversity thus, increase the productivity, health, and quality of life. To increase awareness and participation of public and stakeholders towards the needs for landscape development in establishing cities in the garden hence to improve the development and management of human resources in providing quality human capital towards the development of landscape and living environments.
THE NEED FOR LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION - ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT To protect and conserve natural resources, landscape assets and heritage that are unique with their own identities. To ensure the development and preservation of the landscape resources/environment aspects be effectively implemented during planning and implementation through collaboration with various agencies.
THE NEED FOR LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION - ECONOMIC ASPECT To create a landscape development that will ensure the establishment of living environments that will balance and complement the rapid growth of economic sector developments, such as housing, industry, agriculture and public facilities. To generate landscape potentials to serve as catalysts for the development of the nation s tourism sector. To increase continuous landscape research and development (R&D) activities to support quality and competitive landscape development.
RELATIONSHIP LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Landscape conservation for urban (UNESCO) working with various partners from all regions of the world. Great diversity of situations that exist in the different parts of the world, but also the growing interest of governments, local communities and citizens in preserving their landscape in cities and settlements, and in fostering the role of conservation in urban regeneration. It is important to expand urban landscape heritage and conservation fields, and developing professional networks for the promotion of conservation of culture and environment as heritage and key drivers and enablers of sustainable urban development
Some good examples.. Finding information: Using Google Street Free technology Highly accessible, low tech but practical Growing interest to track landscape / land use changes around the world urban, rural, streets, public areas / parks
CONSERVATION BRING BACK THE RIVER Natural element Water Noordwal, The Hague, Netherlands Source: http://www.techinsider.io/urbi-before-after-gallery-2015-8?utm_content=bufferb2caf&utm_medium=social&utm_source=faceboo k.com&utm_campaign=buffer-ti
CONSERVATION BRING BACK THE PRIORITY FOR PEDESTRIAN (SIDEWALK PROJECT)
"If designed well," a public space "functions as a place of permanence where we socialize, rather than just a passage to get us from Point A to Point B." Read more: http://www.techinsider.io/urbi-before-after-gallery-2015-8#ixzz3kousvgem Place des Jacobins, Lyon, France
Chateau d'eau, Bordeaux, France
Copenhagen actually removed some greenery to make space for pedestrians Read more: http://www.techinsider.io/urbi-before-after-gallery-2015-8#ixzz3kowfbejr Hauser Plads, Copenhagen, Denmark
Montreal's entertainment district is transformed by planter boxes and outdoor seating Read more: http://www.techinsider.io/urbi-before-after-gallery-2015-8#ixzz3koxczy68 Rue St. Hubert, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Cobblestone is back in style in Łódź, Poland Read more: http://www.techinsider.io/urbi-before-after-gallery-2015-8#ixzz3koycg0oe 6 Sierpnia, Łódź, Poland
Anam Ogori, Seoul, South Korea We love this pop of color in Seoul Read more: http://www.techinsider.io/urbi-before-after-gallery- 2015-8#ixzz3koZ92Nu1
Coenties Slip, New York City, New York, US You won't find any cars in this beautiful New York City hub Read more: http://www.techinsider.io/urbi-before-after-gallery- 2015-8#ixzz3koZVMiKE
Inclusive Public Spaces
Inclusive Public Spaces As assets for all citizens that foster social inclusion + vibrant public spaces should be accessible to all. Public spaces should be respected, upgraded and supported by adequate resources, as protected areas inherited from prior generations that can be integral to creative expression and the transmission of practices of a diverse urban population. Parks and protected areas within and near a city contribute to its climate change resilience. Regenerating and upgrading public spaces in low-income areas of cities can foster social justice and equity.
45th Avenue, New York City, New York, US This corner in New York City looks totally different Read more: http://www.techinsider.io/urbi-before-after-gallery-2015-8#ixzz3koamsuad
A unique piece of art sits at the center of this redesigned public space in The Netherlands Read more: http://www.techinsider.io/urbi-before-after-gallery-2015-8#ixzz3kobtxqxt Sassenpoort, Zwolle, Netherlands
Muscat Street, Singapore The before-and-after images look like reflections, thanks to carefully angled screenshots Read more: http://www.techinsider.io/urbi-before-after-gallery- 2015-8#ixzz3kobzEvQF
Quality urban environments are shaped by conservation of landscape: Foster human scale and mixed-use cities by drawing on lessons learnt from urban conservation practices: Urban landscape conservation offers examples of human scale and mixed-use urban ensembles that can inform sustainable urban development models through integrating cultural and natural resources. Local authorities should review their urban development strategies by enhancing the knowledge of the conservation of landscape assets. Promote a liveable built and natural environment: Urban cultural and natural heritage should be safeguarded to allow people and communities to connect with their urban environment. Enhance the quality of public spaces through culture: The planning, design and use of public spaces should integrate both natural and cultural approaches, based on heritage and cultural and creative activities, to foster social inclusion. Improve urban resilience: Local authorities should integrate urban landscape and traditional knowledge into urban strategies to address environmental concerns.
Understanding the value landscape landscapes have a holistic and complex character that bridges both natural and cultural aspects + landscapes are valued in many different ways expresses a unique sense or spirit of place (genius loci) that helps to define its identity. Characteristics of special places and monuments become symbolic values and act as landmarks that allow orientation in space and time. Landscapes also contribute to local and national identity which are shaped by ideology and politics. These landscapes are the source of an essential knowledge with regard to sustainable development that enhances the inspiration for making better future landscapes for the environment and society. Issues and Challenges for future landscape conservation Rapid urbanisation and population planning Climate change The impact of global issues has left observable effects on the environment + increased the intensity risk of unpredictable weather changes affects local activity, spatial planning and usage, resources and materials and, have also even perhaps altered the existing range of plants and animals and caused trees to flower earlier in the season. Malaysia s rapid development urban dwellers increased from 62.0% in 2000 to 71.0% in 2010. This imbalance causes the urbanization and density issues to become crucial in order to serve the population demands. Moreover, residential spaces are mainly being designed for indoor activities without consideration for the need for green areas or outdoor spaces + the current settlements and residential designs are influenced by contemporary design trends and based on client preference
In conclusion Urban landscape conservation is a vital component of a development agenda that promotes inclusive, safe, vibrant, resilient and sustainable cities. Adaptive rehabilitation of urban landscape and heritage for contemporary uses is an effective safeguarding strategy, contingent on inclusive, multi-stakeholder governance and underpinned by respect for natural elements and socio-cultural values. Urban landscape conservation needs to move beyond a monumentbased, full protection and government-financed approach, to ensure that urban heritage is not a liability but an asset for cities and communities.
In conclusion Institutions and most local authority structures, being directly linked to landscape management and conservation, should form part of a city s institutional arrangements for promoting sustainable development. For cities to be sustainable, urban landscape conservation must be accompanied by policies that support all urban communities to make their environment sustainable.