Applying the latest version of the National Ventilation Standard Heyoka Solutions, LLC Paul H. Raymer All Contents Copyright 2013 by Heyoka Solutions, LLC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Any use of materials, photographs, drawings, depictions or content, including reproduction, modification, distribution or republication, without the prior written consent of Heyoka Solutions, LLC, is strictly prohibited. Copyright infringement is a violation of federal law subject to criminal and civil penalties.
Located on Cape Cod, Massachusetts; Member ASHRAE 62.2 SSPC 10+ years HERS Rater, BPI Analyst, Envelope, Heating, and AC/Heat Pump Certified; Certified IREC/ANSI Assessor; Author of the Residential Ventilation Handbook Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
One cubic foot of air (cfm) moves into a house only if one cubic foot of air moves out of the house. 1cfm in = 1 cfm out Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Air always flows from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure. (Second Law of Thermodynamics) Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
CFM cubic feet per minute; FPM feet per minute Static pressure resistance to flow - measured in "WC (iwg) or Pa (Pascal); Sone linear measurement of sound; HVI (Home Ventilating Institute) and HRAI (Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Institute of Canada). Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Whole Building Ventilation is dilution ventilation the solution to pollution is dilution. Courtesy of Panasonic & Paddy Morrissey Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Pure Pollution (2) Air Changes 25% pollution (1) Air Change 50% pollution (4) Air Changes = 6.25% Pollution (3) Air Changes 12.5% pollution Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
9 1. Natural airflow through the building depends on many factors including temperatures, wind, mechanical forces, etc. It is not constant. It is variable. 2. People essentially need the same amount of fresh air to breathe. It is constant. It is not variable. 3. You cannot satisfy a constant need with a variable source unless that source constantly exceeds the need. Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Weather 10 Over ventilated People Under ventilated Building Air Leakage Time Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
National Ventilation Standard Single family, multifamily up to three stories, and manufactured and modular buildings; Considers chemical, physical, and biological contaminants but does not consider thermal comfort; Acceptable IAQ will not necessarily be achieved even if all requirements are met. Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Requires whole-building ventilation in all new and the majority of existing homes; Provides sizing procedures; Outlines equipment parameters; Requires installed system testing. Requires local exhaust ventilation in bathrooms and kitchens in all homes; Provides sizing procedures; Outlines equipment parameters; Requires installed system testing. Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Select a whole building airflow from the table (or calculate it); Select appropriate airflow rates for local exhaust; Select quiet equipment whose performance is certified by HVI; Install it so it works; Test it to prove that it works; Document the design. Edward Brannock, Pilot & Entrepreneur Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Ventilation rate by the formula or by the table. Pick a number from the table: How big is the house? How many bedrooms does it have? Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Example: 1200 square foot house with 2 bedrooms. Requires 68 cfm continuous ventilation. Floor Area (ft 2 ) 1 2 3 4 5 <500 ft 2 30 38 45 53 60 501 1000 45 53 60 68 75 1001-1500 60 68 75 83 90 1501-2000 75 83 90 98 105 2001-2500 90 98 105 113 120 2501-3000 105 113 120 128 135 3001-3500 120 128 135 143 150 3501-4000 135 143 150 158 165 4001-4501 150 158 165 173 180 4501-5000 165 173 180 188 195 Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Formula: Q tot = 0.03A floor + 7.5 x (N bedrooms +1) Example: Same 1200 square foot 2 bedroom house: (1200 x 0.03) + 7.5 x (2 + 1) = 36 + 22.5 = 58.5 cfm Lower airflow than the table, but remember that 62.2 is a MINIMUM ventilation guideline. Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
If the home has had a blower door test, the actual infiltration can be used to adjust the ventilation rate. 0.052* x CFM 50 x S x wsf = infiltration credit (Q inf ) * Derivation of the 0.052 constant: ELA = (Q50/50.65 ) x (dp.65 )x sqrt(rho/2 x dp)) NL = 1000 x ELA/A floor x S Q inf (cfm) = (NL x wsf x A floor )/7.3 dp = delta P (4) Rho = density of air (1.2 kg/m 3 ) Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Building height factors (s) 1 Story 1 1.5 Stories 1.18 2 Stories 1.32 2.5 Stories 1.44 3 Stories 1.55 There are 1100 wsf factors! Wsf factors for NJ: Atlantic City Intl AP 0.53 Belmar Asc 0.52 Caldwell/Essex Co. 0.44 Cape May Co 0.49 McGuire AFB 0.48 Millville Muni AP 0.44 Newark Intl AP 0.54 Teterboro AP 0.5 Trenton Mercer County AP 0.48 For a complete list of Weather Factors: www.heyokasolutions.com > Manuals, Articles, Brochures and Technical Information http://bit.ly/1beyyqc Note that this link doesn t seem to work with all browsers. Please let me know if it works for you. Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
1200 square foot, 2 bedroom, 1 story house in Trenton, NJ Initial Blower Door number of 1400 CFM 50 0.052 x CFM 50 x S x wsf = infiltration credit S factor for a 1 story house = 1 Wsf for Trenton, NJ = 0.48 0.052 x 1400 x 1 x 0.48 = 34.9 cfm Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
1200 square foot, 2 bedroom, 1 story house in Trenton, NJ Initial Blower Door number of 1400 CFM 50 Original whole building ventilation rate = 58.5 With infiltration credit: 58.5 34.9 cfm = 24 cfm Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
1200 square foot, 2 bedroom, 1 story house in Trenton, NJ Initial Blower Door number of 1400 CFM 50 Final Blower Door number of 1100 CFM 50 0.052 x CFM 50 x S x wsf = infiltration credit 0.052 x 1100 x 1 x 0.48 = 27.5 Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
1200 square foot, 2 bedroom, 1 story house in Trenton, NJ Initial Blower Door number of 1400 CFM50 Final Blower Door number of 1100 CFM50 Original whole building ventilation rate = 58.5 With infiltration credit: 58.5 27.5 cfm = 31 cfm Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
1200 square foot, 2 bedroom, 1 story house in Trenton, NJ Blower door value Q inf (Infiltration credit) Whole building ventilation rate 1400 CFM 50 34.9 cfm 24 cfm 1100 CFM 50 27.5 cfm 31 cfm Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Gives credit for existing fans and operable windows and infiltration. Particularly useful for weatherization programs! Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Compliance options for existing buildings: o Whole building ventilation rate is the sum of the whole building rate determined by table 4.1 plus any deficit for existing spot ventilation fans minus an infiltration credit. Measure the airflow through existing fans and compare that to the local exhaust requirements; An operable window reduces the deficit by 20 cfm. Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Different House Example 1580 square foot, 3 bedroom, 1 story house in Madison, WI (wsf = 0.61) Initial Blower Door number of 1400 CFM 50 Kitchen has a window and a fan that moves 60 cfm Bathroom has a window and a fan that moves 20 cfm Existing fans can be left in place Whole building ventilation rate can be increased Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Operable Window = 20 cfm Kitchen requires 100 cfm. It has a window and a 60 cfm fan: 100 60 20 = 20 cfm deficit Bathroom requires 50 cfm. It has a window and a 20 cfm fan: 50 20 20 = 10 cfm deficit Ventilation deficit = (20 + 10)/4 = 7.5 Original Whole Building Ventilation rate: 1580 x 0.03 + 7.5 x (3 + 1) = 77 cfm Adjusted Whole Building Ventilation rate = 77 + 7.5 = 85 cfm Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Original Flow Rate plus Appendix A Deficit minus Infiltration Credit equals Final Whole Building Ventilation Rate in cfm Infiltration Credit for original Blower door number (1400 CFM 50 ) : Infiltration Credit for tightened home : 0.052 x 1400 x 1 x 0.61 = 44.4 cfm 77 + 7.5-44 = 41 cfm 0.052 x 1100 x 1 x 0.61 = 34.9 77 + 7.5 34.9 = 50 cfm Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
1580 square foot, 3 bedroom, 1 story house in Madison, WI Start Blower door 1400 CFM 50 Tightened Blower door 1100 CFM 50 Initial Flow Rate With Appendix A only With Infiltration Credit & Appendix A 77 cfm 85 cfm 41 cfm 50 cfm Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
The existing building calculation can only be used for existing homes. A really leaky existing house can have a required whole building mechanical ventilation rate of 0 cfm. Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
The intermittent operation option adds a bit of complexity. Short durations (3 hours or less cycle time) are simple: Run ½ the time: double the required flow; Run 1/3 the time: triple the flow. Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Electronic Timer Pin Timer Fan & Light Switch Programmable Intermittent Timer Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Select equipment with performance certified by AMCA or HVI; Very quiet: 1 sone or less quieter than a quiet refrigerator! Exhaust or Supply only ventilation; Mechanically balanced ventilation; Mechanically balanced ventilation with heat or energy recovery. Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Raymer, Residential Ventilation Handbook Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
2 nd Law of Thermodynamics Heat moves to cold, wet moves to dry Desiccant wheel ERV Heat Recovery Ventilator (HRV) transfers heat from the warm air stream to the cool air stream. Energy Recovery Ventilator (ERV) transfers heat and moisture from warm, moist air stream to the cooler, drier air stream. Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
If the house is tight, in a heating dominated climate, less moisture inside the house will be removed by an ERV because it will be transferred to the incoming air stream. HRV and ERV efficiency ratings are based on balanced operation. Their efficiencies will change if they are connected to air handlers and run in an unbalanced condition. They need to be installed where their filters and cores can be maintained. They do not supply EXTRA air to balance other devices. Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Bath Bedroom Kitchen Fresh air supply with a motorized damper Fan cycler switch runs air handle at 20 minute intervals Supply side of air handler Source: Paul Francisco Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Outside air supplied to return side of the air handler Aldes CAR AirCycler Field Controls Damper Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012 Local ventilation removes the pollutants at the source.
Kitchen Intermittent 100 cfm Vented range hood required if exhaust fan flow rate is less than 5 kitchen ACH Continuous 5 ACH Bathroom 50 cfm 20 cfm Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013 Typical ceiling insert bath fans. Certified by HVI or AMCA for both airflow and sound.
Range hoods Exterior mounted fan Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Select a whole building airflow from the table (or calculate it); Select appropriate airflow rates for local exhaust; Select quiet equipment whose performance is certified by HVI; Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Air is lazy; Electrons are more forgiving; Never use duck tape; Always choose the shortest, straightest path to the outside; System must be serviceable; Never, never, never vent into the attic. Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
In-line fans are designed to drag air through ducts; Propeller or axial fans are not good for ducts; Backdraft dampers can cut the airflow in half. Raymer, Residential Ventilation Handbook Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
The effects of duct length on airflow performance in more detail. Actual length is the actual, physical length of the duct run (how far is it from A to B); Equivalent length is equivalent resistance to the airflow generated by the fittings; Effective length is the sum of the Actual and Equivalent lengths. Raymer, Residential Ventilation Handbook Actual length + Equivalent length = Effective length Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Description 45 adjustable elbow, 2-piece 90 adjustable elbow, 4-piece Equivalent Length (Ft) for rigid ducting 5 10 Wye, equal sizes 10 Tee, take-off 50 Raymer, Residential Ventilation Handbook Tapered increaser/reducer Hard increaser/reducer 4 8 Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Raymer, Residential Ventilation Handbook Description Triangular wall cap for round duct with backdraft damper & bird screen Triangular wall cap for round duct with bird screen, without backdraft damper Rounded wall cap for round duct with backdraft damper & bird screen Equivalent Length (Ft) 28 14 14 Louvered wall cap 16 Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012 Low profile soffit vent with backdraft damper and bird screen Roof cap, low-profile for round duct with backdraft damper & bird screen Roof cap, goose-neck, for round duct with backdraft damper & bird screen 33 60 71
Increasing the duct diameter from 4 to 6 will dramatically reduce the friction loss. 7.5 Pa 62.5 Pa 625 PA! From Jennings, Environmental Engineering Analysis and Practice,1970 Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Ducts need to be supported; Choose the shortest path; Ducts running through unheated spaces must be insulated. Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
In theory, everything works in practice. In practice, it s different. Yogi Berra Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Duct Blaster with DG700 Q200 Duc-Tester with DM-32 gauge Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Fan Under Test Calibrated Duct Tester Point A When the pressure at Point A = 0 pa, the flow through the Duct Tester fan = the flow through the fan under test. Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2013
61 CFM 62.3 CFM 57 CFM Balometer: 10 500 cfm Vane Anemometer: 0 75 cfm EXH: 8 124 cfm Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
1. Set the Device on the DG700 to EXH; 2. Set the Config to correspond to the opening on the Exhaust hood (A1, B2, C3); 3. T both channel inputs to the hose connected to the Exhaust hood; 4. If the pressure on Channel A exceeds 8 pa, open the Exhaust hood to the next notch; 5. Read the flow on Channel B. If the flow exceeds 124 cfm, a different device must be used. ACXProbe Kit Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
A Balometer will measure flows between 10 and 500 cfm. Vane anemometer is less effected by ambient conditions like temperature, humidity and altitude. Accurate between 0 and 75 cfm. Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Ventilation Product Information: Brand Model ID Required Airflow Tot. Installed Airflow Normal Boost Fanwho Quantum 3 36.5 42 76 Control: Brand Model ID Function (Multi-speed, intermittent, etc.) Fanwho IAQ4040 Multi-function, variable flow System Function & Operating Notes Req. Maintenance HRV designed to exhaust air from the bathrooms and supply air to the bedrooms, low speed continuous operation, manual boost. Clean filters monthly. Replace annually. Clean the core annually. Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
Go to the Heyoka website. Search for: ASHRAE6213WBCW Plug in coupon code ASHRAE13 to get the Excel spreadsheet for free until 10/11/13! Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012
... and that s the name of that tune! Read the book. Don t wait for the movie! www.bit.ly/heyvent www.heyokasolutions.com Thanks for listening Paul Raymer paul.raymer@heysol.com Heyoka Solutions, LLC 2012 ACXProbe Kit includes T fitting, ACX Probe, & (5) hose splices. Box fits in manometer case. http://bit.ly/gj8djw