HTS - EAGOSH Seminar Seminar 1 EN 471: What is new? Christoph Kuesters, 3M Germany Franz-Haniel-Platz, Duisburg September, 29th-30th
EN 471: What is new? 1. EN 471 Protection Principles 2. EN 471 Revision & Consequences What are the main changes? What is the impact on textile manufacturing and industrial laundering? 3. EN 471 Combination with other Standards 4. EN 471 Best Practice How to avoid accidents?
EN 471: What is new? 1. EN 471 Protection Principles 2. EN 471 Revision & Consequences What are the main changes? What is the impact on textile manufacturing and industrial laundering? 3. EN 471 Combination with other Standards 4. EN 471 Best Practice How to avoid accidents?
Why High Visibility? Fatal accidents at work in the EU Accidents involving moving vehicles 33% 67% 33% All other accidents 67%
Why High Visibility? Fatal accidents per 1000 aaccidents I did not see him! Day Night Night /Day Factor Pedestrian 24.6 77.8 3.16 Bicyclist 11.4 15.9 1.39 Car Passenger 11.8 22.3 1.89
EN 471 Protection Strategy Hazard Low Visibility of Working Ground Staff Harm Fatal Collision between Vehicle and Working Staff Risk Probability of Hazard Occurrence and Severity of Harm Protection Strategy To draw Attention : EN 471 Garments are intended to provide Conspicuity for timely Recognition by the approaching Traffic.
Causes of Low Visibility Hazard Ambient background conditions Complex site design Range of viewing distances Complex lit-up backgrounds Environmental conditions Smoke or rain Darkness Work load high mental & physical stress
Visual Communication Process Light Seeing Eye Focussing and Detection Optic Nerve Transmits Message Brain Perception & Recognition
Conspicuity To Attract Attention Key conspicuity generating factors Object size Object contrast & brightness Object Shape / Gestalt Time for viewing Visual system performance
Daytime Conspicuity Key factors Object size Object brightness Object color contrast
Nightime Conspicuity Key factors Object size Object contrast
EN 471 Protection Levels Level of protection Garment classification (1, 2, 3) Retroreflection performance level (1, 2) Minimum areas of conspicuous material Table 1 Optical performance requirements Fluorescent colour (colorbox, ß) Table 2 Retroreflective performance (R ) Table 5,6
EN 471: What is new? 1. EN 471 Protection Principles 2. EN 471 Revision & Consequences What are the main changes? What is the impact on textile manufacturing and industrial laundering? 3. EN 471 Combination with other Standards 4. EN 471 Best Practice How to avoid accidents?
Why was EN 471 revised? The EN471 has been published first in 1994. All EN norms are reviewed every 5 years for potential revision. The CEN TC 162/WG 7 decided to start the revision in 1999, to integrate a large number of amending Technical Sheets. Design clarification Garment durability (Industrial laundering, Color bleeding) Garments in use (End of life performance)
Technical Requests for Revision Material Test Methods Background Material Garment Marking Placement 61% Comments focused on Design Material Distribution Colour Size Garment Type Classification
EN 471 Upgrading Garment Design New garment types Background & retroreflective material distribution Background materials requirements Fluorescent colour requirements Colourfastness Mechanical properties Industrial laundering testing
New Garment Types
Background Material Distribution The fluorescent material shall be applied in equal quantities on the front and back of the garment (50% + 10) ( 4.1). Rationale: Even distribution of daytime conspicuous material.
Retroreflective Band Disposition The retroreflective bands can have an inclination of 20 maximum ( 4.2.3). The retroreflective bands on the sleeves do not need to align with the bands on the torso ( 4.2.4). The retroreflective bands on the legs can be freely positioned ( 4.2.5). Rationale: Improved functional garment design and design flexibility for shirts, coats and shorts.
Retroreflective Band Disposition
Colour Requirements The colour requirements for background materials and combined performance materials have been aligned. The colour box for fluorescent red and redorange background materials were increased. Rationale: Harmonisation of requirements. EN 471 Colour Box for Red-orange EN 471 Colour Box for Red 0,395 Old red-orange New red-orange 0,345 Old Red New Red 0,375 0,325 0,355 0,335 0,53 0,55 0,57 0,59 0,61 0,63 0,65 0,305 0,565 0,585 0,605 0,625 0,645 0,665 0,685
Colour Fastness Colour fastness shall be tested for all fluorescent and non-fluorescent background materials used in the garment ( 5.3.3 & Table 3). Rationale: To avoid colour bleeding and migration of the non-fluorescent material. Colour Change: Staining: Background Material 4-5 4 Non-Fluorescent Material 3-4 4-5
Mechanical Properties Tensile strength and bursting strength have been modified to be able to consider light weight fabrics or knitted materials. Tensile strenth = (Mass [gr/m²] x 2 )[N] > 400 N Rationale: To improve wear comfort and light weight garments
Industrial Laundering ISO 15797 industrial laundering test method have been introduced for the testing of retroreflective material. ( 7.4.5.4) Annex C is specifying a high temperature wash process for at least 5 washing cycles. Testing is done on an entire jacket. Rationale: To improve product durability for extended garment life.
EN471: 2003 Consequences? General: The EN 471: 1994 is valid until the new edition has been published. The final revision draft of EN 471 passed successfully final voting. Publication anticipated in last quarter 2003. With the publication of EN 471: 2003 all garment certificates of conformance have to be updated and renewed.
EN471: 2003 Consequences? Textile Manufacturing: Increased design freedom and selection of applicable fabrics will result in higher wearer acceptance and wear comfort. Industrial Laundering: Specification of highly durable background and retroreflective materials. EN 471 stimulates the cleaning by industrial laundering.
EN 471: What is new? 1. EN 471 Protection Principles 2. EN 471 Revision & Consequences What are the main changes? What is the impact on textile manufacturing and industrial laundering? 3. EN 471 Combination with other Standards 4. EN 471 Best Practice How to avoid accidents?
EN 471 Combination with other Standards Weather Protection EN 343/342 EN 471 Utility Clothing EN 343/342 EN 471 EN 1149 Heat Protection EN 343/342 EN 471 EN 531
EN 471: What is new? 1. EN 471 Protection Principles 2. EN 471 Revision & Consequences What are the main changes? What is the impact on textile manufacturing and industrial laundering? 3. EN 471 Combination with other Standards 4. EN 471 Best Practice How to avoid accidents?
Best Practice Guideline Risk Assessment evaluates the complex and potentially dangerous working environment caused by heavy aircraft, equipment and vehicular movement. High Visibility Garments provide 360 visibility and recognition of the airside personnel. This appropriate level should be guaranteed over the lifetime of a garment.
Best Practice Guideline Source: Airport Handbook, 2001
Thank You
Contrast
Shape /Gestalt
EN471 Garment Classification Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Area of Retroreflective Material Area of Background Material