Fire Safety Instructions Report

JFPE LTD FIRE PROTECTION ENGINEERS CONSULTANTS Fire Safety Instructions Report Israel Railways Akko Karmiel Line Gilon Tunnel Prepared for: Netivei Israel, Ltd. Prepared by: JFPE LTD. 13a Simtat Emek Zevulon Ganei Tikva 55900. 23/12/2012 Edition 1.5 13A SIMTAT EMEK ZEVULON, GANEI TIKVA 55900, POB 4232, ISRAEL +972 3 736-9772 FAX +972 3 736-9773 jfpe@jfpe.com,www.jfpe.com

Page ב 23/12/2012 Fire Safety Instructions Report: Akko-Karmiel Line - Gilon Tunnel Netivei Israel Version 1.5 Contents 1. Introduction... 1 2. Details... 1 3. Applicable laws and standards... 1 4. Structural Elements... 1 5. Construction materials... 1 6. Escape routes from twin bore tunnels... 2 7. Specific fire safety requirements for tunnel portals and control rooms... 4 8. Portal command post and control rooms... 5 9. Exterior site development... 6 10. Access for fire engines... 7 11. Stairs... 8 12. Emergency direction signs, general signs, warning signs... 9 13. Emergency telephone/fire service... 10 14. Radio communications... 10 15. Orientation lighting and emergency lighting... 11 16. Electrification... 13 17. Requirements for electrical wires and cables... 14 18. Emergency electricity... 15 19. Emergency generator... 16 20. Automatic fire detection and alarm system, automatic voice evacuation system... 18 21. CCTV system... 20 22. Fire extinguishing equipment, fire extinguishers, fire stations, water supply for fire extinguishing... 21 23. Water tanks... 22 24. Fire pumps... 22 25. Drainage... 22 26. Smoke Control System... 23 27. Fire fighters panel... 24 28. Separate transformer room... 25 29. Electrical and communications rooms... 25 30. Dry cell battery rooms and UPS rooms... 25 31. Integration table... 26 32. Appendix 1 - Fire resistance graph... 26

Page 1 23/12/2012 Fire Safety Instructions Report: Akko-Karmiel Line - Gilon Tunnel Netivei Israel Version 1.5 1. Introduction This document details relevant fire safety requirements for a high-speed electrified, heavy rail passenger or freight line. Any safety considerations such as radiation safety, work safety, safety during excavations, electrical safety, transportation safety, construction safety, freight trains, the safety of passenger and operating authority employees in non-emergency situations, environmental health (including gas and liquid emissions and emissions from the trains as well as air quality both inside and outside of tunnels), hazardous materials safety (other than those appearing in this document), security and consequences of security incidents, accessibility for the disabled as well as any other disciplines that are not mentioned above are not covered by this report. This document references Chapter 3 (Railway Routes), Chapter 4 (Emergency Ventilation) and Chapter 8 (Communications) of Israel Standard 5435. Other chapters in the standard, such as requirements for coaches and emergency procedures are not included in this report (and are the responsibility of other parties). 2. Details 1. Project Name: Israel Railways Akko Karmiel Line Gilon Tunnel. 2. Project address: route west of Karmiel. 3. Project description: The project includes the Gilon Tunnel, accessways to it and the Energy Center. 4. Structural definitions: An underground railway (enclosed in a tunnel). 5. Structure's use: Transportation. 6. Promoter: Netivei Israel Company. 3. Applicable laws and standards 1. Israel Standard IS 5435 2. The Planning & Building Regulations (where mentioned in Israel Standard 5435) and relevant Israeli standards. 4. Structural Elements Structural elements shall be constructed from flame-resistant elements. 5. Construction materials 1. Construction materials for all bearing elements and that support system operation will be flame-resistant type (VI.4.4) in accordance with Israel Standard IS 755. 2. Construction materials used in all system elements shall have a minimum 2-hour fire resistance rating. 3. When designing concrete supports for the tunnel, the type of support and the type of concrete and its behavior when exposed to very high 13A SIMTAT EMEK ZEVULON, GANEI TIKVA 55900, POB 4232, ISRAEL +972 3 736-9772 FAX +972 3 736-9773 jfpe@jfpe.com,www.jfpe.com

temperatures (above 1300 C.) must be taken into consideration and must adhere to the RWS temperature graph for at least two hours. 6. Escape routes from twin bore tunnels 6.1 Escape shall be facilitated from tunnel to tunnel through escape corridors that are fire separated and that will be placed at intervals of no more than 250 m. 6.2 Entry to the escape corridors shall be through a fire door. Since escape will be possible in two directions, two such doors are required. The fire doors shall have fire resistance capability of 30 minutes insulation and 90 minutes initial failure and stability. The doors shall comply with Israel Standard IS 1212 (for the entire mechanism: handle, door panel, panic mechanism, frame and lintel etc.). Rotating fire doors shall be installed in accordance with Israel Standard IS 1212 Part 4. In the event that the solution involves a sliding door, it must comply with Israel Standard 5435. 6.2.1 The doors shall withstand both positive and negative pressures caused by train movements. 6.2.2 Door lintels shall comply with relevant standards. 6.2.3 Rotating doors panic mechanisms must be installed in the direction of the escape route. Mechanisms will be of touch bar type only. Panic Mechanisms shall comply with Israel Standard 4599 for the relevant components, as well as the following requirements: 6.2.3.1 The operating principle shall be based on fast opening of the doors in an emergency situation. 6.2.3.2 The operating principle for the locking mechanism shall be that pressing on the handle will cause the locking mechanism to open and the doors to open immediately. 6.2.3.3 The locking mechanism shall comply with Israel Standard 101 for locks as relevant for the type of locking mechanism. 6.2.3.4 The latch shall be designed for both vertical and horizontal locking. 6.2.3.5 The opening/locking handle shall be constructed from a square/rectangular stainless steel touch type bar only having a cross section of at least 30 mm (the use of a round handle/bar will such as one with a space between the bar and the door not be permitted). The length of the bar shall be that of the width of the door panel.

6.2.3.6 Bar height: the horizontal height of the bar (the width of the door) shall be 100 cm above floor level but no higher than 120 cm. above floor level. 6.2.3.7 The use of both a horizontal and a perpendicular bar is permitted. However, opening will only be possible with a horizontal bar. 6.2.3.8 Installation: the lock shall be installed using massive screws due to the pressures and loads on the lock. 6.2.3.9 Operation: Pressing on the horizontal bar will cause the doors to open easily in any state or eventuality. Door opening direction when the panic mechanism is activated (pressed) will be in the direction of the pressure applied. 6.2.4 Net minimum door height shall be 210 cm. 6.2.5 A magnetic security lock shall not be fitted to this door. 6.2.6 Design of the door shall take into consideration the effect of the ventilation system on the opening of the door to prevent excessively fast opening which could cause injury (to those pulling the door). 6.2.7 Design of the door shall take into consideration the effect of the ventilation system on the closing of the door in order to prevent a situation whereby the door will not close completely due to pressure caused by the ventilation system. 6.2.8 The maximum force applied to open the doors shall be: 6.2.8.1 As low as possible. 6.2.8.2 No greater than 222 N. 6.2.9 The connecting corridor shall have a net width of at least 225 cm in the escape route and a net height of at least 225 cm with air pressure that is greater than the air pressure in the tunnel in which there is a fire when the doors are closed. Air speed when the doors are open shall be at least 2 m/s. 6.2.10 Passengers must be evacuated from the safe tunnel to a collection point at the portals. 6.2.11 An escape route (which shall also be used for firefighter access) must be provided at the side between the track and the tunnel wall closest to the parallel tunnel. 6.2.12 The escape route shall have a net width of at least 110 cm (as measured from the edge of the coach step) on a pedestrian walkway and with a height of 210 cm. 6.2.13 The escape route shall be constructed with non-slip materials.

6.2.14 Escape route walkways shall be at least 10 cm high (in order to prevent water passage). 6.2.15 A handrail shall be installed as follows: 6.2.15.1 A 90 cm. high handrail shall be installed on the wall for the entire length of the escape route. 6.2.15.2 Should the need arise following aerodynamic calculations and subject to the requirements of Israel Railways, handrails shall also be installed along service walkways for the use of system maintenance workers during passage of a train. 6.2.15.3 The handrails shall be round and easy to grasp along their entire length, shall be without obstructions and shall be painted with a white, luminous paint. 6.2.15.4 Handrails shall have a uniform outside diameter of between 32-40 mm. 6.2.15.5 Handrails shall comply with Israel Standard 1142. 7. Specific fire safety requirements for tunnel portals and control rooms A staging and mobilization area must be provided for fire and emergency services as well as an evacuation area outside of the tunnel and next to the portal. It is recommended that the area be planned according to the following requirements (subject to approval by the Fire and Rescue Service). 1. A hammerhead T turnaround shall be provided for fire and rescue vehicles leaving the tunnel so that they can return to the same tunnel. The minimum radius of the hammerhead, which must be free of all obstructions and obstacles, shall be 12 m. The external radius shall be not less than 16 m. 2. The width of the tunnel shall allow for the simultaneous movement of two fire engines so that a reversing fire engine will not block access or impede entry into the tunnel from the opposite direction. 3. The staging and mobilization area shall be well marked on the asphalt and with signs for the various parking areas for emergency vehicles. The staging and mobilization area shall be marked with translucent paint (the borders of the areas shall be indicated with a "Fire Truck Area" marking and with signs and road signs that prohibit the parking of other vehicles. The signs shall be 80 x 50 cm with red lettering on a white background and shall indicate "No parking except for fire and rescue vehicles". 4. A staging and mobilization area of 1,500 m 2 shall be provided at each portal.

5. Direct access shall be provided to the staging and mobilization area from access roads, unless such access involves crossing the tracks when the access point will be within 50 m of the portal. 6. Fire hydrants and taps must be designed in concrete alcoves close to the staging and mobilization area. These alcoves shall be lockable with an Israel Railways master lock. Suitable signs shall be installed. 7. The staging and mobilization area shall be illuminated with a total of no less that 50 Lux during an emergency. 8. Noise levels of noise producing machinery such as generators shall not exceed a level that allows for intelligible conversation by people standing next to each other. 8. Portal command post and control rooms Command post and control rooms shall be planned at the portals as shown on the safety drawings as follows: 1. One command post and control room shall be provided for each portal, signposted separately on each tunnel and with communications as detailed below having smoke control and telephone communications with the fire service and the Israel Electric Corporation (IEC) system for each separate tunnel. 2. When one command and control room assumes command, it shall be indicated in the other command and control room of the tunnel pair. Control can then not be assumed by this second command and control room. 3. The emergency command and control room shall include: a telephone to the fire service, a manual control station for smoke and display control, a secondary display panel for the fire detection system, telephone/intercom to the central command and control post of Israel Railways and auxiliary equipment for firefighters such as stretchers, hot environment breathing apparatus for firefighters etc. as defined and determined by the fire service. 4. A command and control room that is close to the eastern entrance may be used as the command and control room for the eastern portals.

9. Exterior site development 1. Stairs External stairs shall be constructed whenever the street level is different from the entrance or exit level to the building and according to the regulations and standards as follows: 2. Ramp 1. Building materials and anti-slip materials 1. Tread size: at least 28 cm 2 risers + tread = 61 to 63 cm. 2. Maximum length of one flight of stairs shall be 1.5 m. 3. No step will protrude more than 38 mm. from the steps riser and will not have an acute angle. 4. Their width will be equal to the width of the external exit door next to the steps and no less than 1.1 meters. 5. Railings and hand rails will be installed on both sides of the steps according to Israel Standard 1142. A ramp leading to a building entrance shall be installed as follows: 1. Ramp width shall be equal to the width of the building's entrance corridor. 2. Ramp gradient shall not exceed 10%. 3. The door opening onto the ramp or to the exit opening in front of the ramp shall be built with a level surface area. The depth of the level surface, measured from the face of the door or the exit and perpendicular to them shall be not less than 1.3 m. The width of the level surface will be determined by the width of the door or exit + 0.3 m on each side. 4. If the height differential between the highest point and the lowest point of the ramp is more than 0.6 m, a railing and handrail shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of Israel Standard 1142. 5. The surface of the ramp shall be roughened in a manner that will prevent slipping. 3. Railings 1. Railings must be installed in all cases where height differences exceed 0.6 m. 2. All flights of stairs that consist of 3 or more steps must have a railing and gripping points. 3. The installed railing shall be an industrial railing (with a maximum spacing of 50 cm between railing posts.)

4. Handrails 1. Round handrails that are easy to grip must be installed continuously and without any obstructions for the entire length of ramps and stairs. 5. Passageways 1. Passageway widths shall be at least 110 cm in order to provide continuity when people are escaping from the tunnels. 2. The passageways shall be built from roughened surface materials to prevent slipping. 3. Passageways shall be free of any obstructions that may cause injury to a height of at least 2.10 m from the floor. 4. Passageway gradients shall be provided with drainage to prevent slipping. 5. Transverse gradients shall not exceed 2%. 6. Gradients above 5% will be considered as ramps and shall have handrails installed along their entire length. 6. Lighting Emergency lighting shall be installed to illuminate tunnel exit routes to safe evacuation areas. The staging and mobilization areas shall be illuminated with a total of no less that 50 Lux and shall also have a generator backup system 10. Access for fire engines In those areas where an access road is provided for fire engines, they shall comply with the following requirements: 1. The road shall be at least 4 m wide. 2. The access road, including covers to inspection manholes for electrical cables, sewage, drainage, water, telephone etc., shall be constructed in a manner that will enable access by vehicles with a 30 ton loading on a pair of axles 11 tons/m 2, with concentrated load of 5 tons from the vehicle wheel. Railings, height limiters, etc. must be used to prevent vehicle access to areas that cannot withstand the aforementioned loadings. There shall be no obstruction or any other element that could impede, prevent or delay the effective usage of fire engines on the access roads, the various areas and the spaces between them in accordance with Israel Standard 412. 3. Access routes for fire and rescue vehicles shall also be provided within the tunnels.

4. A floor at the same level as the tracks shall be installed in the area 50 m from each connecting corridor in order to allow fire engines to pass by one another. 11. Stairs Stairs in the Energy Center will be constructed according to regulations and standards, as follows: 1. Construction materials shall be used that prevent slipping. 2. Net stair width will be at least 110 cm measured from the handrails. 3. Stair treads shall be not less than 28 cm deep. 4. Stair risers shall be between 10 cm and17.5 cm. 5. 2 risers + tread = 61 to 63 cm. 6. If the stair tread is less than 27 cm deep, the stair shall have an protrude outward by at least 2 cm. 7. The size of each riser shall be uniform for the entire length of each run and the size of each tread shall be uniform with the ratio between them being as follows: [2 risers + tread = 61 to 63 cm] 8. The maximum height for any run shall be 3.40 m. 9. A single run shall include 3-16 stairs. 10. A level surface shall be constructed at the end of the stairs between the top stair and the entry door with a width of not less than 1.2 m. 11. The depth of the surface constructed between two flights of stairs in the same direction shall be at least 1.2 m. 12. No stair tread shall protrude more than 38 mm from the riser and shall not form an acute angle. 13. Railings and handrails shall be installed on both sides of the stairs. No railing is necessary where there is a full wall at least 90 cm high. 14. Railings and handrails shall be installed in accordance with Israel Standard 1142. 15. The distance between railing elements, one from the other and from the building will be such that a hard 10 cm ball will not pass through them. 16. Railing heights in any flight of stairs shall be 90 cm (105 cm on external stairs). 17. Railing heights along stair or ramp landings shall be at least 105 cm (other than a 50 cm segment that connects two inclined levels). 18. The upper level of the stairs shall have a 105 cm high railing.

12. Emergency direction signs, general signs, warning signs 1. The marking of exit routes shall be performed as follows: 1.1. The escape route must be signposted with warning signs installed at the entrances of the track access roads (gates), on fences and barriers along the track route and other locations where people who are not authority (Israel Railways) employees have access. The warning signs shall state the nature of the danger (for example: Caution High Voltage 1500 V), and shall comply with Israel Standard 659 and Israel Standard 3863 Part 3. 1.2. Access gates for fire and rescue personnel must be signposted and state the kilometer at which the gate is located and its purpose "Emergency Access Km 105.175". 1.3. The exact kilometer must be signposted at 100 m intervals along the route. 1.4. All direction or guidance signposts (in locations where emergency signs such as escape points are installed), including those illuminated by emergency lighting, shall be printed in Hebrew with a pictogram and arrows as necessary. 1.5. Signs and markings shall comply with the Planning & Building Regulations Third Addendum, and, in the absence of relevant requirements according to NFPA standards, according to the example in Israel Standard 5435). 1.6. The printing on exit signs shall be in 15 cm high white characters on a green background and shall include the word "Exit". 2. Lighting intensity of the sign face shall be at least 80 Lux with a contrast ratio of at least 0.5 ((Max-Min)/Max)>0.5). The sign shall be lit by dual purpose emergency lighting. 3. Signs that are unlit shall be luminous. 4. Exit signs installed in the tunnels shall be spaced no more than 25 m on both sides of the track and shall provide direction to the portals or the escape corridors. 5. Tunnel exit openings shall be marked with dual purpose, internally illuminated exit signs. 6. Luminous signs must be installed next to all firefighting stations, which will be visible from each side of the escape route. 7. Handrails installed on raised pathways shall be painted luminous white. 8. All fire doors must be marked with "Emergency Exit". 9. Signs shall be installed at a height of no more than 2.1 m (bottom of sign) above the floor of the escape route.

10. Internally illuminated exit signs, essential services signs and emergency signs shall be included in the emergency lighting system and shall be connected to a "stand-by" circuit or to a power source separate from the electrification systems for the railway line. 11. Internally illuminated emergency signs shall be wired separately from emergency distribution boards. Backup shall be provided for a period of at least 90 minutes. 12. Direction indicators shall be installed on the nearest escape side of the parallel tunnel, with an option for setting the required escape route direction during an emergency. Control of these devices shall be provided from the Israel Railways Main Control Room and from the firefighting control center, with the default being in the direction opposite the direction of smoke extraction. These devices shall be installed below the height of the handrails (bottom of lighting fixture) and above the pavement surface, and shall be positioned at intervals of no more than 25 m. The arrows shall be "running" arrows indicating the escape direction. 13. Internally illuminated emergency exit signs shall be IP65 water resistant. 14. Exit signs shall be capable of withstanding the train's "piston effect". 15. Signs shall comply with regulations and standards for railway tunnels. 13. Emergency telephone/fire service 1. The system shall include a network of railway telephone lines and fixed telephone receivers with the ability to communicate with all stations, buildings, offices, electrical stations and substations, service rooms and areas and other locations along the entire railway alignment. The railway telephones shall be installed in all escape corridors, at each blue light station, in the command and control room, in the central command room and any other rooms as decided by Israel Railways. 2. Firefighter telephones shall be installed along the railway alignment as follows: at each blue light station, at connecting escape passages, at escape exits from the tunnels (portals), in command and control rooms, (and in situation rooms), at substations, next to all tunnel firefighting stations, at bridge access points, at railway command and control centers as well as at Fire Service's Regional Command and Control Post. 14. Radio communications 1. There shall be at least one radio network capable of two-way communication with those on trains and coaches and with all locations in the system.

2. Communications access shall be provided to all emergency organizations (police, fire, emergency medical services, Home Front Command) along the entire alignment including inside the tunnels. The design shall enable full coverage even in conditions where broadcasting equipment/antennas in a particular location have been damaged by fire. 3. The radio network shall include ground transmitters and receivers, antennas, wireless transmitters and receivers, portable transmitters and locators, attendance confirmation receivers and auxiliary equipment. 4. The solution shall be provided in the VHF band. 5. The devices shall be compatible with the Nizan network (the type of device is Astro). The devices shall operate in the tunnel on VHF frequency and outside on 800 MHz frequency currently operated by the police. 6. The devices shall be connected to a separate RGU, disconnected from the train's IP communication system, and shall be connected to a designated communications cloud of the Western Galilee/Northern Region fire and emergency services. 7. There shall be 2 different (direct) Simplex frequencies for work inside the tunnels with the fire and emergency service teams. 8. There shall be a designated IP line at the sites (in the western and eastern command and control rooms + Command and Control Post). 9. In the western command and control room there shall be, at the firefighters' station, 2 computer workstations, including 2 designated computers. 10. There shall be 2 RJ 45 points in the western command and control room. 11. Full redundancy shall be provided for Bezeq IPVPN lines (2 Bezeq lines from the central Bezeq connection), 2 different and separate routes - for survivability. 12. In the extensions in the command and control rooms (eastern + western) there shall be 2 workstation units with designated computers operating on different frequencies in each command and control room and in the Command and Control Post. Operational devices in the stations shall be provided with earphones. 15. Orientation lighting and emergency lighting Orientation lighting and emergency lighting shall be installed as follows: 1. Exit signs along the tunnel, except across from the escape corridors, shall be illuminated with orientation lighting.

2. Exit signs across from the escape corridors and in areas outside the tunnel shall be illuminated with dual-purpose lighting that contains an internal battery. 3. Lighting elements shall be compatible with installation in railway tunnels. 4. Orientation/emergency lighting shall be installed in all escape areas (escape routes, stairs). 5. Lighting shall be appropriate for those with visual impairments or disabilities as detailed in Israel Standard 1918 Section 4. 6. Orientation and emergency lighting must be installed as follows: 1. In accordance with Israel Standard 20, Section 2.22, emergency lighting that includes individual lighting elements must meet the following requirements: elements with a battery with automatic charging/discharging capabilities that provide a minimum of 1.5 hours of service. The elements shall include a charge indication lamp and test switch and shall be connected to the electrical grid without a disconnect switch. 2. Emergency lighting shall be provided with backup using a central UPS unit subject to the constraints of Third Addendum of the Planning & Building Regulations that requires feeding of the element via two separate circuits so that if one circuit is not serviceable, the lighting intensity required will be supplied by the second circuit. 3. Exit signs, essential services signs and emergency signs shall be included in the emergency lighting system and connected to a "stand-by" circuit or to a power source separate from the electrification systems for the railway line. Emergency lighting units, emergency signs and signs shall be wired separately from the emergency distribution boards. Backup shall be provided for at least 90 minutes. 7. The minimum intensity of emergency lighting for the entire length of emergency exit routes in tunnels shall be not less than 2.69 Lux measured at the pavement level (escape pavement and walking surfaces at the height of the tracks and between them). 8. Emergency lighting units shall be installed at a height not to exceed 2.1 m. 9. Tunnel lighting shall activate automatically prior to the entry of a train into the tunnel. 10. The ratio between maximum lighting intensity and minimum lighting intensity shall not exceed 1:10.

11. Emergency lighting units shall be wired separately from emergency distribution boards. 12. Emergency lighting units shall be IP65 water resistant. 13. Staging and preparation areas shall be illuminated with road lighting with a minimum intensity of 50 Lux and backed up by an emergency generator. 16. Electrification 1. Blue Light Stations Locations along the entire track alignment where emergency teams or authorized persons can maintain telephone contact with central command posts and can cut off electricity are marked with a blue light. 2. Electrification disconnect switches will enable quick shutoff of power along electrified areas. Spaced manual switches shall be able to disconnect electrification power in an emergency situation and activate the operation of circuit breakers in substations and switches in associated tracks. 3. Information shall be posted next to each blue light station that describes the location of the station and the distance to emergency exits in each direction. 4. Blue light stations shall be installed at the following locations: 1. At emergency service access points. 2. At electrification substations. 3. In escape corridors that connect the tunnels. 5. Emergency telephones shall be installed next to blue light stations that will include x telephone lines and fixed receivers that can communicate with a central control station. 6. To date, there is no electrification standard in Israel. When such a standard is prepared, its requirements must be adhered to. Additionally, the Israeli Electric Law and all its sections and regulation must be adhered to. 7. The electrified third rail (AC which provides electricity for the train's power) shall be anchored to appropriate insulated hangers, shall be reinforced as required at connections and appropriately protected to prevent incidental contact. 8. The design shall include measures to prevent irreversible contact with tracks under power and that are close to emergency or service sidewalks and where the sidewalks cross the track alignment. 9. When covers are used they shall be capable of carrying a load of 1,112 N at all points without permanent, visible distortion.

10. Covers or protective materials shall have a fire spread rating that does not exceed 25 when tested according to Israel Standard 755. The fire spread rating shall be at least V. 11. Insulating materials for cables that connect the electric current to the track shall comply with the requirements of Israel Standard 1739, Section 3 Examination of electric cables under fire conditions: examination of groups of perpendicular cables Section 2.5. 12. A closed box shall be installed in emergency stations for firefighters that will contain 3 pushbuttons (among additional equipment in the box). One pushbutton shall disconnect and stop the current from both sides of the tunnels, a second pushbutton shall disconnect and stop the current from the western side, and a third pushbutton shall disconnect and stop the current from the eastern side. The controlled disconnections (each side separately) are designed to enable entry of a rescue vehicle (with rescue equipment) into the clean tunnel into which people are evacuated when necessary, as well as to enable another train to evacuate passengers. 13. A box for disconnecting the high voltage (disconnection of a specified section) up to the entrance to the eastern portal or western portal must be installed at the entrance to the area (on the service road through which the fire fighting vehicles enter). 14. The current disconnect switch is a "combined" switch that also automatically short circuits the earth connection: 1. A combined switch shall be installed on every column. 2. There is a manual mechanical operating handle as well as an electric operating pushbutton (for cases in which there is no power in the system, it enables manual disconnection in order to ensure that the current is not turned on again). An indication LED shall be installed in the operating boxes that confirms the disconnect status and earth connection short circuit. 17. Requirements for electrical wires and cables 1. All wiring materials and other installations connected to electrification shall comply with the requirements of the Israeli Electric Law and all its sections and regulations as well as the relevant demands of Israel Standard 5435. 2. All communication and electric cables for the emergency system shall be protected from physical damage in the tunnel (due to slippage), apart from the emergency lighting power feed that shall be designed in a manner so that damage to the lighting line will not affect the undamaged lighting, which will continue to operate. 3. Cables that feed emergency systems (as a rule all systems are emergency systems unless otherwise defined) shall be fire retardant for 90 minutes (FE180-E90), shall be protected from physical damage with concrete

coverings or shall be inserted beneath the escape sidewalk and inside piping. Nevertheless, emergency lighting may be installed in exposed metallic tubing or steel channels provided it can withstand heat levels of up to 500 o C. 4. All emergency system wiring, excluding railway electrification wiring, shall be resistant to the spread of fire for 90 minutes (FE180-E90) shall have a low smoke emission rating (halogen free), and shall be fire- and flame retardant. 5. Conduit in the tunnels shall be metallic only. 6. Wiring for railway and other systems shall have a low smoke emission rating (halogen free), and shall be fire- and flame retardant, other than wiring buried underneath pavements. 7. Stairwell conduits shall be protected with insulating panels on the bottom of the conduit cover or with a concrete cover that is at least 15 cm. thick in order to protect cables crossing the conduit. 8. Piping beneath the escape walkway shall be located at least 20 cm beneath the walkway surface. 9. Solutions using metal cable conduits under the walkways will not be approved unless the conduit is buried and the walkway is poured without the use of removable panels. 18. Emergency electricity 1. Electrical systems and grounding shall be installed according to the requirements of the Israeli Electric Law and all relevant standards. 2. Main circuit breakers for use by firefighters shall be installed at each portal. 3. The main circuit breaker in the firefighters panel shall enable selection and control of the following conditions (otherwise separate circuit breakers shall be installed): a) Disconnection of electricity, other than UPS electricity and electricity from the generator for operation of smoke extraction fans only. b) Disconnection of electricity from the emergency generator for operation of smoke extraction fans only. c) Disconnection of electricity from UPS. 4. Electrical conduit shall be separate from other conduit, tubing and/or piping and its insulation shall be comprised of halogen free, self-extinguishing materials. Conduit in the tunnel space shall be metallic only. 5. Points where electric cables pass through firewalls must be sealed using non-flammable materials with a fire resistance factor that is identical to that of the material it passes through. 6. Electrical boxes shall be constructed using non-flammable materials.

7. Electrical boxes shall be signposted as required: "Main Circuit Breaker", "Main Power Switch", "Main Lighting Switch" and, on the front of the boxes "Electricity Do Not Extinguish with Water". 8. Electrical panels protected with a gas extinguishing system shall be properly sealed using non-flammable materials in order to ensure the required concentration of gas. 9. The extinguishing canister shall be installed next to the electric panel in an accessible and visible location in order to allow regular inspection and maintenance and manual operation of the canister. 10. Lighting with an intensity of 50 Lux at pavement level must be supplied opposite the exits to the escape corridors (within the train tunnel and 25 m from each side of the exit door) and inside the escape corridor. 11. Electricity to a panel where a single smoke detector has been activated shall be disconnected via a trip coil on the panel that feeds the particular panel. 12. Electricity disconnect pushbuttons shall be installed for technical support rooms inside the connecting corridors. The buttons shall be installed outside of the room at the highest height allowable by electricity requirements. 19. Emergency generator The generator shall be installed according to "Electricity Standards (Installation of low voltage electricity generators) 1987 5748" as follows: 1. n + 1 generators shall be supplied for backup during IEC power outages. 2. n backup generators shall provide electricity requirements for the operation of the fans in a tunnel in which there is a fire in addition to the fans required by the ventilation consultant for positive pressure in the parallel tunnel (without deducting of the two fans adjacent to the fire from the calculation), emergency lighting, the building monitoring system (FMS) and all other tunnel needs. 3. The additional generator shall be the largest of n generators and shall begin operation in the event that one of the generators does not operate. 4. The installed generator shall have a generating capacity sufficient to supply electricity in an emergency for the operation of electric water pumps for fire extinguishing (if installed), smoke extractors and positive pressure fans. 5. The generator shall be installed so that if electrical power from a main power line from the public electricity grid is cut, the generator will begin operation automatically in accordance with the NFPA 110 standard. 6. The generator shall be installed according to accepted professional standards.

7. The generator shall be installed with a pre-heating system that allows it to reach full load within 90 seconds if the electrical power from a main power line from the public electricity grid is cut in order to backup all tunnel systems. 8. In the event of a fire alert, the generator's controller shall cancel all generator safety devices so that the generator will operate in a "suicide" state. 9. A switch shall be installed to shut off generator operation during an emergency. It shall be installed in an easily accessible location. 10. The following instructions shall apply to diesel powered generators: i. The generator shall be surrounded by walls constructed of fire resistant elements (rated for at least 2 hours) from the floor to the roof. ii. The generator storage room shall be ventilated with fresh air from outside and the gases generated by the burning of diesel fuel shall be extracted directly outside into the open air. iii. The internal doors of the generator storage room shall be fire doors. iv. Space shall be made available for the storage of liquid fuel according to the Business Licensing Regulations (Oil Storage) 1976 5737, whether or not stored within the framework of a business. In this matter, the aforementioned regulations should be seen as applying to building used as a residence, for offices and for all other purposes even if it is not a business that requires a license according to the Business Licensing Law; as well as in accordance to Section 7.88.00 of the Planning & Building Law. v. If a generator is installed in a courtyard, paragraphs i and iii above will not apply, provided that the generator is not exposed to fire danger. 11. Electrical supply from the generator to the emergency systems shall be provided via a cable that is fire resistant to a temperature of 880 o C for at least 90 minutes (FE180-E90). In those locations where the cable is installed in conduits within concrete walls with a covering depth of at least 5 cm (which is the equivalent of 2 hours fire resistance), there is no need for a fire resistant cable capable of withstanding such temperatures and the use of a normal cable (90 o C.) such as used in other tunnel systems is possible. 12. Electrical connections shall be made directly to the generators distribution board, which shall be located in the generator room or in another protected location. 13. Electrical connections shall be made in a separate shaft from that of other power sources. 14. Generator output shall allow the gradual operation of all of the systems fed from it.

15. The width of the passageways between the generator or other parts of the structure shall be at least 1 m and shall enable convenient maintenance. 16. The generator shall be ventilated with fresh air and in accordance with the generator manufacturer's instructions for the provision of air in order to prevent the accumulation of explosive or flammable gases. The ventilation system shall be shutoff upon detection of fire with a dry powder fire extinguishing system in the room. 17. The generator's exhaust pipe shall be protected from contact up to a height of at least 2 m from the floor and shall extract fuel combustion exhaust gases directly out of the building. 18. A fixed lighting point, two power sockets and emergency lighting that is not fed from the battery used to start the generator shall be installed in the generator room. 19. The quantity of fuel shall ensure operation of the generator for at least 8 hours at full output. The fuel supply system shall comply with the requirements of the generator's manufacturer. The fuel shall be stored according to the Oil Regulations. A containment basin must be built under the fuel tank with a device to stop the flow of fuel in the event of a leak. 20. The room must be built in a fashion so that the flow of liquids such as oil and fuel outside of the room will not be possible. This can be facilitated with a double wall. 21. A switch must be installed (in an easily accessible location) to stop the generator during an emergency. 22. An additional generator shall be installed in addition to the number of generators required according to calculations, for backup (n + 1). 23. The generator shall be protected with a dry powder/dry chemical extinguishing system according to Israel Standard 5356 Section 1 (Standard 17 NFPA, revised version, UL 1254). 20. Automatic fire detection and alarm system, automatic voice evacuation system 1. Tunnels for which a smoke release system is required shall be protected with an automatic fire detection system that shall be designed and installed in accordance with Israel Standard 1220 Section 3. In the event that suitable requirements are not available, the design should be performed in accordance with the most recent version of NFPA 72). In these tunnels, detection shall be provided via a cable heat sensor based on a fiber optic cable and in accordance with the special specifications of Israel Railways. The heat detector shall be calibrated to a threshold temperature and to a temperature rise rate. The type of sensor and its location shall be

compatible with electromagnetic conditions created by an AC electrification line. 2. Detectors must be installed in the following locations: 63 A and above electrical cabinets, electrical substations, technical rooms, connecting corridors and cable spaces beneath connecting corridors. 3. Electromagnets to keep fire doors in a normally open state shall not be used. 4. Waterproof fire alarm manual push stations shall be installed at a distance of less than1.5 m from the exits (entrances to escape corridors, to stairwells and escape tunnels) and next to each fire extinguishing station in the tunnel. 5. The main fire detection switchboard shall be an analog system combining a firefighter's telephone and emergency voice evacuation alarm. 6. Smoke detection systems and gas extinguishing systems shall be installed in all electrical boxes in technical rooms within the tunnels. The system shall be designed and installed according to the latest version of the NFPA 2001 standard. Installation in type tested electrical boards according to Israel Standard 1419 will be authorized only after approval by the board manufacturer. 7. A gas extinguishing system shall be installed in very low voltage rooms. 8. Gas used for extinguishing shall be environmentally friendly (compliant with the NFPA 2001 standard). 9. The main fire detection switchboard shall identify pressure drops in the gas cylinder (by pressostat). 10. The fire detection system shall be designed to detect fires with a strength of 5 MW within 60 seconds with a smoke flow speed of 6 meter per second. The design shall comply with manufacturer requirements in order to comply with this requirement. 11. A pushbutton with a yellow cover for operation of extinguishers shall be installed outside of every electrical box with an extinguishing system. 12. The fire detection system shall disconnect electrical power to the electrical box to which the sensor is connected when it warns of the presence of smoke. (The disconnection shall be made in the TC in the board which feeds the protected space) other than from boards feeding smoke extraction fans. 13. The location of control panels and sub-panels shall be coordinated with the safety engineer. 14. The fire extinguishing system shall perform the actions required in the integration table (Table 1). 15. Connections to other systems shall be facilitated in coordination with suppliers of the other systems.

16. Fire detection systems and gas fire extinguishing systems shall be inspected by a certified laboratory. 17. The firefighters' telephones must be certified according to UL standard and enable simultaneous use of 6 telephones. 18. It shall also be possible to also speak into the firefighter telephone that will be installed in the northern region command and control center. 19. An emergency voice evacuation system combined with the main fire detection switchboard shall be installed as follows: 1. Operation of the system shall be made possible from the portals and Israel Railways' main control room as well as from the Fire Service's Northern Region Command and Control Post. 2. Loudspeakers shall be installed in every connecting corridor and in every part of the tunnel. 3. Division of public address system into zones: a. A connecting corridor shall have a separate section on the main control panel. b. Each area of 250 m between the escape tunnels shall be a separate section on the main control panel. c. Each tunnel shall have a separate section on the main control panel. d. It shall be possible to broadcast a certain announcement to one tunnel and a different announcement to the second tunnel. 4. The system shall be used for issuing both live and recorded emergency instructions and information. 5. Loudspeaker wires shall be insulated to prevent short circuits and disconnection. 21. CCTV system 1. A fixed camera shall be installed opposite each escape corridor and between them in the train tunnel as well as in every connecting escape corridor that will identify a halted train and allow firefighters to remotely view the incident area. 2. A swivel camera shall be installed at the portals. 3. The cameras shall be connected via IP to the Akko Fire Station and display a warning screen when a train is halted or during some other emergency event as will be defined in the integration table. 4. An interface and screen from this system shall also be installed in the Command and Control Post.

22. Fire extinguishing equipment, fire extinguishers, fire stations, water supply for fire extinguishing A fire hydrant system shall be installed in all underground or covered routes and other locations as marked on the Safety Appendix as follows: 1. 2 hydrants shall be installed every 50 m in the tunnel with a 4" feed pipe and a 3" double hose bib each or, alternatively, a hydrant with 6" feed pipe and a 3" double hose bib that comply with all sections of Israel Standard 448 and Israel Standard 4290. Next to each hydrant there shall be a cabinet including two 15 meter long flexible hoses compliant with Israel Standard 365, with a jet/spray nozzle with an 8 mm opening and a 30 m rack and hose reel compliant with the definitions of Standards Institution of Israel Specification 308 and the special specifications of Israel Railways. 2. The water feed line shall be at least 8" in diameter. Water pressure in the line shall be not less than 2 bars and not greater than 7 bars. The exact diameter shall be in accordance with the design and hydraulic demands of the designer. 3. The minimum water delivery capacity to a single 3" hose bib shall be 500 L/hour. 4. The water delivery system shall be designed so as to provide an overall flow rate of 6,000 L/min with dynamic water pressures of between 2-7 bars at the farthest hydraulic location for two hours. 5. A 3" double pressure hose bib shall be installed on a yellow painted 4" pipe with a sign "Fire Service Pressure Tap". The hose bib shall be installed as instructed in the Safety Appendix. 6. A 3" double hose bib shall be installed on a red painted 4" hose bib with a sign "Hose bib". The hose bib shall be installed next to each staging area, next to the main entrance to each tunnel. 7. Water pipes along the tunnels shall be painted red. Hose bibs shall be painted with red-white reflective paint. 8. The system shall be ground and shall prevent a condition whereby electricity flows through the pipes and/or water outside of the track alignment. 9. Limit switches connected to the fire detection system shall be installed on all valves in the system. 10. All hydrants and pressure taps shall include physical breakers. 11. In areas outside the tunnel, the firefighting cabinet shall contain a 2" hose bib that complies with all sections of Israel Standard 448 and Israel Standard 4290, including two 15 m long feed pipes that that comply with Israel Standard 365, a jet/spray nozzle with an 8 mm opening and a 30 m rack and hose reel compliant with the definitions of Standards Institution of Israel Specification 308 and the special specifications of Israel Railways.

12. Open Breathing System (MANAP) according to the requirements of the fire service, a solution shall be found in the detailed design for providing air in the tunnels during a fire. The solution shall be located outside the tunnels. The solution and its applicability shall be coordinated with the fire service. 13. The detailed plan shall include examination of a solution composed of connecting a foam system to the hydrant piping system for the use of foam as determined by the firefighters in a given event. The solution and its applicability shall be coordinated with the fire service. 14. A dry 3" line shall be installed connecting the train tunnels through the connecting corridor with covers at each end, enabling delivery of water from a firefighting vehicle located in the secure tunnel to the tunnel with the fire, in order to enable use of high pressure from the firefighting vehicle's pump. 23. Water tanks 1. Water tanks for the supply of water for firefighting in tunnels shall have a storage capacity of 500 cu. m. 2. The area water feed line to the tunnels shall be connected before the pumps with a bypass to the tank. 24. Fire pumps 1. 2 fire pumps shall be installed: one diesel and one electrical with one acting as backup for the other (n + n). 2. The pumps shall be UL/FM approved and comply with the NFPA 20 standard. 3. The pumps shall be controlled by the fire detection system. 25. Drainage A drainage system shall be installed in the tunnels as follows: 1. The system shall be designed to prevent the buildup of flammable and dangerous liquids and their flow along the tunnel by dividing the tunnel into 50 meter segments. 2. System components, including the main drainage lines shall be nonflammable (for example steel, concrete etc.). 3. The use of PVC, fiberglass pipes or other flammable materials will not be permitted. 4. The system shall be designed to allow the simultaneous drainage of 2,000 L/hour due to the operation of fire hydrants in the tunnel and to prevent flooding in the tunnel.