Design & Fabrication of Hybrid Cooler

IJIRST International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology Volume 2 Issue 11 April 2016 ISSN (online): 2349-6010 Design & Fabrication of Hybrid Cooler Shashank Chauragade Mukul Kshirsagar UG Student UG Student Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Collage of Engg. & Research Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Collage of Engg. & Research Nagpur, India, 441110 Nagpur, India, 441110 Nrupesh Rewatkar Sanket Kale UG Student UG Student Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Collage of Engg. & Research Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Collage of Engg. & Research Nagpur, India, 441110 Nagpur, India, 441110 S.R. Rathod Assistant Professor Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Collage of Engg. & Research Nagpur, India, 441110 Abstract Now a days, global warming is one of the serious concern for environment to get protected from it every one is taking help of technology by the means of different types of refrigeration system for comfort food process, medicines, blood storage, humidity control, etc. use of refrigeration system not totally green or ineffective environment, if we can use proper eco-friendly refrigerant in refrigeration system and make number of refrigeration system less. Then it is not long way to be resolve global warming issue. In Indian middle class and poor families cannot afford all types of refrigeration system like a ac, refrigerator, air cooler, etc. generally they purchase only air cooler. To solve this we can integrate refrigeration system of ac, refrigerator and air cooler in one product. So, that it cans multiplication and can we say as multifunctional refrigeration system. This type s product various components are used like as compressor, condenser, capillary tube, evaporator, motor, fan, etc. Keywords: Hybrid Cooler, Compressor, evaporator I. INTRODUCTION Cooling systems or air conditioning systems are going to be in detail description in the following report not only because of their high energy consumptions; these systems also have huge impacts on the surrounding environment. A rational use or choice with a potential energy saving plan should be considered in order to make the development. New method of cooling with concept of AC could solve the problems generated by the existing air-conditioning installations. Basic concept of the project is to design an appliance that can work like Ac as well as fan but will not consume that much amount of electricity, cost, size and water. We Can Add Solar panels so that no electricity will be required. II. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP Fig. 1: All rights reserved by www.ijirst.org 121

Components Used: - Fan 12 inch diameter - Fan speed Controller - Filter 20 inch x 20 inch ss filter - Frame 20 inch x 20 inch x 12 inch - - made of iron angle 1 inch X 1 inch - Copper Coil - 12 inch diameter coil ½ inch pipe diameter - Compressor - 115V, 60Hz, 1PH - Refrigerant- R-134a. Components Details: Compressor: III. COMPONENTS DETAILS WITH ITS SPECIFICATION Fig. 2: Compressor - A gas compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor. - Compressors used in our systems are often described as being either he Hermetic, open or semi-hermetic, to describe how the compressor and motor drive are situated in relation to the gas or vapor being compressed. The industry name for a hermetic is Hermetically sealed compressor, while a semi-hermetic is commonly called a semi-hermetic compressor. - The primary advantage of a hermetic and semi-hermetic is that there is no route for the gas to leak out of the system and less maintenance and it is widely used in household refrigerator. Compressor selection Compressor = 96 watt, btu-365, 92Kcal/hr Capacity 1 TR, 50 Hz, 1PH Condenser temp. range =-23.3 c to 54.4 c Evaporator temp. range = -5 c to 15 c Specification: Inlet pipe=0.6cm, 220V/50HZ, 1PH, thermally protected. Condenser: Fig. 3: Condenser All rights reserved by www.ijirst.org 122

- the high pressure superheated gas passes from the compressor into the condenser. - The initial part of the cooling process de-superheats the gas before it is then turned back into liquid. - the cooling for this process is usually achieved by using air or water. A further reduction in temperature happens in the pipe work and liquid receiver, so that the refrigerant liquid is subcooled As it enters the expansion device. Specification: Height=24cm, Length=25.5cm, Width=4cm Condenser pipe=1cm, No coil present in condenser with IP/OP is 8. Fig. 4: Compressor and condenser arrangement. Capillary Tube: - It is extremely small diameter tube ranging from 0.5 to 2.5mm of about 0.5 to 5m long. - In its operation, liquid refrigerant enters the capillary tube and during the flow, there is a pressure drop due to friction. - Some of the liquid flashes into vapour as refrigerant flow through the tube. - The capillary tube substituted for the convectional liquid line from the condenser and soldered to the suction line to - form a single heat exchanger. Specification: Dia. 0.2cm Evaporator: Fig. 5: evaporator - Low-pressure liquid refrigerant in the evaporator absorbs heat from its surroundings, usually air, water or some other Process liquid. - during this process it changes its state from a liquid to a gas. Fan: - An apparatus with rotating blades that creates a current of air for cooling or ventilation. Specification: Blade=230diameter, Angle=22degree All rights reserved by www.ijirst.org 123

Fig. 6: Fan + Motor Motor: - The three-phase induction motor, also called an asynchronous motor, is the most commonly used type of motor in industrial applications. In particular, the squirrel-cage design is the most widely used electric motor in industrial Applications. Specification: 10W/60W, 220-230V, 50-50HZ, 0.35A/1300RPM Refrigerant (134-A) - In CFCs and HCFCs present the chlorine content which contribute to the depletion of ozone layer. - R134a is the leading replacement for domestic refrigerators. - Although the Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) of R134a is zero. - R134a is also known as Tetrafluoroethane (CF3CH2F). - It is easily available. - It is now being used as a replacement for R-12 CFC refrigerant. - It is safe for normal handling as it is non-toxic, non-flammable and non-corrosive. - Currently it is also being widely used in the air conditioning system in newer automotive vehicles. It exists in gas form when expose to the environment as the boiling temperature is -14.9 F or -26.1 C. - Eco-friendly &Economic. Schematic of Hybrid Cooler Fig. 7: Hybrid cooler All rights reserved by www.ijirst.org 124

IV. METHODOLOGY Fig. 8: Methodology To complete the refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator is again a saturated vapor and is routed back into the compressor vapor-compression uses a circulating liquid refrigerant as the medium which absorbs and removes heat from the space to be cooled and subsequently rejects that heat elsewhere. Figure 1 depicts a typical, single-stage vapor-compression. All such systems have four components: a compressor, a condenser, a thermal expansion valve (also called a throttle valve or metering device), and an evaporator. That hot vapor is routed through a condenser where it is cooled and condensed into a liquid by flowing through a coil or tubes with cool water or cool air flowing across the coil or tubes. This is where the circulating refrigerant rejects heat from the system and the rejected heat is carried away. Fig. 9: Experimental setup V. WORKING The machine has three main parts. They are a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator. The compressor and condenser are usually located on the outside air portion of the air conditioner. The evaporator is located on the inside the house The working fluid arrives at the compressor as a cool, low-pressure gas. The compressor squeezes the fluid. This packs the molecule of the fluid closer together. The closer the molecules are together, the higher its energy and its temperature. The working fluid leaves the compressor as a hot, high pressure gas and flows into the condenser. If you looked at the air conditioner part outside a house, look for the part that has metal fins all around. The fins act just like a radiator in a car and help the heat go away, or dissipate, more quickly. When the working fluid leaves the condenser, its temperature is much cooler and it has changed from a gas to a liquid under high pressure. The liquid goes into the evaporator through a very tiny, narrow hole. On the other side, the liquid's pressure drops. When it does it begins to evaporate into a gas. As the liquid changes to gas and evaporates, it extracts heat from the air around it. The heat in the air is needed to separate the molecules of the fluid from a liquid to a gas. All rights reserved by www.ijirst.org 125

By the time the working fluid leaves the evaporator, it is a cool, low pressure gas. It then returns to the compressor to begin its trip all over again. Connected to the evaporator is a fan that circulates the air inside the house to blow across the evaporator fins. Hot air is lighter than cold air, so the hot air in the room rises to the top of a room. Analysis of Vapour Compression Cycle Diagram: The flow diagram T-s and P-H diagrams of a vapour compression refrigerating system given below. Fig. 10: T-S Diagram of VCRS Cycle - Fig. 11: P-H Diagram of VCRS CYCLE 1-2 Isentropic Compression Refrigerant vapour received from evaporator is compressed isentropically in a compressor by external source of energy fig.2 (work in out), pressure and temperature increase 2-3 Condensation Compressor discharges vapour into the condenser where it condensed completely i.e. turns in to liquid. Heat is rejected from the refrigerant to cooling medium, usually air or water. 3-4 Expansion From condenser liquid refrigerant passes through the expansion valve where it is throttled resulting in a drop of temperature and pressure. However, enthalpy remains constant (throttling expansion) 4-1 Evaporation Liquid refrigerant at a low temperature passes into evaporator where it extracts heat from the product to be cooled. Due to absorption of extract heat liquid refrigerant turns into vapour, and enters in to the compressor. Coefficient of Performance Work input W=H2-H1 Refrigerating effect N=H1-H4 Since, during the process 3-4, enthalpy is constant. Therefore enthalpy at 4(H4) is equal to enthalpy at 3(H3) Refrigerating effect N=H1-H3 C.O.P=ref effect /work input = h1-h4/h2-h1 All rights reserved by www.ijirst.org 126

VI. CALCULATIONS FOR COP Evaporator temperature = 5 c Condenser temperature = 55 c h1=hg@5 c =402.14 kj/kg h4=h3=hf@55 c =281.04 kj/kg S1 = S2 Sg @5 c = Sg @55 c Cpsup ln(t2+273/55+273) 1.7247=1.7051+1.293 ln (T2+273/55+273) T2 =58.98 c h2 = Cp sup (t2-tsat)@55 c = 425.68+ 1.293(58.98-55) h2 = 430.82 kj/kg Refrigeration Effect = h1 - h4 =402.14-281.04 =121.1 kj/kg Work done = h2 - h1 =430.82-402.14 = 28.68 kj/kg COP = RE/WD = 121.1/28.68 = 4.22 COP=4.22 Refrigeration Capacity =Q = 1 TR = 3.52 kj/s RC =mr x RE 3.5 =mr x 121.1 Mass flow rate = 0.0289 kg/sec Cooling capacity Q= mr x CP X (T2-T1) = 0.0289 X 1.293 (55-5) =1.86KW =0.53 TR VII. OBSERVATION Observation at Afternoon: Observation at Evening: Table - 3.1 Time Room Temperature Outside temperature 11:00 AM 28 C 38 C 11:15 AM 27 C 38 C 11:30 AM 25 C 39 C 11.45 AM 25 C 39 C 12:00 PM 24 C 40 C 12:15 PM 23 C 41 C 12:30 PM 22 C 41 C Time Room Temperature Outside Temperature 5:00 PM 28 C 36 C 5:15 PM 27 C 36 C 5:30 PM 26 C 35 C 5:45 PM 25 C 34 C 6:00 PM 24 C 33 C 6:15PM 23 C 33 C 6:30 PM 23 C 32 C Conclusion: VIII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE New method of cooling with concept of AC could solve the problems generated by the existing air-conditioning installations. Basic concept of the project is to design a appliance that can work like Ac as well as fan but will not consume that much amount of electricity, cost, size and water. Future Scope: We Can Add Solar panels so that no electricity will be required. All rights reserved by www.ijirst.org 127

REFERENCES [1] S.B. Riffat (2007), Comparison of R134a and R12 refrigerants in a vapour compression system, proceedings of the International Journal of Energy Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K, vol.17, pages 439-442. [2] S.C. Arora and S.Domakundwar, a course in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Dhanpat Rai and sons, 1996. [3] W.F.Stoecker, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1989. [4] R.S.KHURMI AND J. K. GUPTA, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, S.CHAND Book Company, 1989. [5] Gosney W B, The maximum coefficient of performance of a refrigerant, paper 2.74, XII international congress of refrigeration, Madrid, 1967. [6] ASHRAE, handbook of fundamentals, 1973 [7] Refrigeration and Air conditioning, 3rd edition, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi [8] MAHESH M RATHORE, THERMAL ENGINEERING Tata McGraw Hill, Book Company, SECOND REPRINT 2011. [9] Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycles, ASME Trans., J. Solar Energy Engng, vol. 117. All rights reserved by www.ijirst.org 128