Urban Agriculture in Baltimore, MD

Urban Agriculture in Baltimore, MD Photo of Tha Flower Factory, taken by Neith Little, UMD Extension Neith Little, Urban Agriculture Extension Agent, University of Maryland, Baltimore City Office 1/24/18 Women in Agriculture Wednesday Webinars

What is Extension? Land grant universities established in 1859 and 1890 (Morrill Acts 1 and 2) Cooperative Extension System established 1914 (Smith-Lever Act)

What is Extension? Mission to make sure everyone in state benefits from the land grant institution Applied research and continuing education in cooperation with local communities Photos by Edwin Remsberg, University of Maryland--AGNR Image Library

What is Extension? Program areas: Agriculture and natural resources Ag Agents Master Gardeners Watershed programs Home economics -> Family and consumer sciences Nutrition Personal Finance Youth development (4-H) Some states have others: Leadership and Community Development Photos by Edwin Remsberg, University of Maryland--AGNR Image Library

UMD Programs are Equal Access How do we define urban agriculture? Definitions I have read are broad.* Wagstaff and Wortmann (2015) put it most concisely: Urban agriculture is all forms of agricultural production (food and nonfood products) occurring within or around cities. *Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Diekmann et al. 2016, Dimitri et al. 2015, Hendrickson and Porth 2012, Oberholzer et al. 2014 Photo taken at The Greener Garden by Neith Little, UMD Extension

UMD Programs are Equal Access How do we define urban? US Census Bureau: Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas Urbanized areas and urban clusters Both are based on population density and land use (Ratcliffe et a. 2016).

How do we define urban? Urbanized areas and urban clusters data pass the ground-truth test. *Based on urbanized areas and urban clusters. US Census Bureau, 2010 Census urban and rural classification: https://www.census.gov/geo/refere nce/ua/urban-rural-2010.html County name %Pop. Urban* %Area Urban* %Pop. Rural %Area Rural Baltimore City 100 99.98 0 0.02 Prince George's 98.03 61.24 1.97 38.76 Anne Arundel 94.7 57.3 5.3 42.7 Montgomery 97.62 55.07 2.38 44.93 Howard 90.75 50.66 9.25 49.34 Baltimore County 93.47 43.93 6.53 56.07 Harford 82.24 26.56 17.76 73.44 Calvert 61.29 24.66 38.71 75.34 Carroll 60.49 16.38 39.51 83.62 Frederick 74.79 15.36 25.21 84.64 Cecil 57.9 15.36 42.1 84.64 St. Mary's 49.58 14.23 50.42 85.77 Charles 70.5 13.75 29.5 86.25 Wicomico 74.19 13.18 25.81 86.82 Washington 70.51 12.88 29.49 87.12 Allegany 72.75 8.01 27.25 91.99 Worcester 64.47 4.71 35.53 95.29 Queen Anne's 45.51 4.65 54.49 95.35 Talbot 45.34 3.57 54.66 96.43 Caroline 24 2.03 76 97.97 Somerset 54.21 1.98 45.79 98.02 Dorchester 43.78 1.61 56.22 98.39 Kent 27.41 0.92 72.59 99.08 Garrett 16.1 0.67 83.9 99.33

UMD Programs are Equal Access How do we define urban? At the local level, we may find more fine-grained definitions. For example Baltimore County has helpfully already defined urban for us. Map by Baltimore County Planning Dept: http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/agencies/ planning/publicationsmaps/mapgallery.html

What does urban farming look like? Intensive market gardening or truck farming The Greener Garden, Warren and Lavette Blue (Photos taken by Neith Little) UMD Programs are Equal Access Pictured: Lavette Blue, The Greener Garden

What does urban farming look like? Intensive market gardening or truck farming Strength to Love 2 (Photos taken by Neith Little) Pictured: Crystal Foreman from the Farm Alliance of Baltimore, at Strength to Love 2 Pictured: Janice Spells-Bell, Director of Strength to Love 2. Photograph by Neith Little UMD Programs are Equal Access

What does urban farming look like? Intensive market gardening or truck farming Boone Street Farm (Photos taken by Neith Little) Pictured: Rich Kolm, co-manager of Boone Street Farm UMD Programs are Equal Access

What does urban farming look like? Intensive market gardening or truck farming Real Food Farm (Photos taken by Neith Little) Pictured: Crystal Foreman, Farm Alliance of Baltimore and Aliza Sollins, Real Food Farm UMD Programs are Equal Access

What does urban farming look like? Innovative hydroponics, aquaponics, and roof-top production Johns Hopkins University Center for a Liveable Future Food Systems Lab at Cylburn Arboretum (Photos taken by Neith Little) Pictured: Jesse Blom, JHU-CLF Food Systems Lab UMD Programs are Equal Access

What does urban farming look like? Innovative hydroponics, aquaponics, and roof-top production Urban Pastoral (Photos taken by Neith Little) Pictured: JJ Reidy, Urban Pastoral UMD Programs are Equal Access

UMD Programs are Equal Access What does urban farming look like? A spectrum of business structures University of the District of Columbia s experimental green roof (Photos taken by Neith Little)

UMD Programs are Equal Access What does urban farming look like? A spectrum of business structures For-profit businesses Second careers Start-up entrepreneurs Robin-Hood business models Non-profit community farms Food justice Education Community gardens that have a CSA component Real Food Farm, Bryan Alexander and Raven Davis pictured Photo taken by Neith Little

What is my role as an Urban Agriculture Extension Educator? Focus on commercial urban agriculture Provide research-based training and technical assistance to people who s goal is to create income and jobs based on agriculture, food, and natural resources UMD Programs are Equal Access Image credits: University of Maryland-- AGNR Image Library

UMD Programs are Equal Access Thank you Please fill out teaching evaluation: http://tinyurl.com/jn9xtgn Neith Little, nglittle@umd.edu 410-856-1850 x123 References: Diekmann L, J Dawson, J Kowalski, B Raison, M Ostrom, R Bennaton, and C Fisk (2016) Preliminary results: Survey of Extension s role in urban agriculture. extension, Community, Local and Regional Food Systems (CLRFS) Community of Practice. Dimitri C, L Oberholzer, and A Pressman (2015) The promises of farming in the city: Introduction to the urban agriculture themed issue. Renew Agr Food Syst 30(1):1-2 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Urban Agriculture Heimlich (1987) Agriculture and urban areas in perspective. USDA Rural Development Publications Collection, Yearbook of Agriculture. 141-147 Oberholtzer L, C Dimitri, and A Pressman (2014) Urban agriculture in the United States: characteristics, challenges, and technical assistance needs. J Extension 52:6 Ratcliffe M, C Burd, K Holder, and A Fields (2016) Defining rural at the U.S. Census Bureau. United States Census Bureau. American community survey and geography brief.