Atmospheric Super Test Beam for the Pierre Auger Observatory L. Wiencke for the Pierre Auger Collaboration and A. Botts, C. Allan, M. Calhoun, B. Carande, M. Coco, J. Claus, L. Emmert, S. Esquibel, L. Hamilton, T.J. Heid, F. Honecker, M. Iarlori, S. Morgan, S. Robinson, D. Starbuck, J. Sherman, M. Wakin, O. Wolf Lawrence Wiencke Colorado School of Mines ICRC2011, Beijing 1
UV Pulsed Laser test beams 50 EeV EAS 16 km Vertical 5 mj Laser 27 km (50 shot average) 50 EeV EAS 28 km Some applications atmospheric monitoring 1 timing, geometry, aperture Comparison of laser and air shower light profiles 5 mj Laser ~ 100 EeV Air Shower (scattering) (fluorescence) 1 K. Loudec for the Pierre Auger Collaboration, poster 568. 2
Atmospheric Super Test Beam Solid State UV Laser + Robotic Calibration + Raman LIDAR receiver 355 nm Stable No moving parts Passive cooling 1-100 Hz Energy Polarization at ground (z=0) τ(z) aerosol optical depth Best practices method Independent water vapor (z) 3
Atmospheric Super Test Beam Solid State UV Laser + Robotic Calibration + Raman LIDAR receiver 355 nm Stable No moving parts Passive cooling 1-100 Hz Energy Polarization at ground (z=0) τ(z) aerosol optical depth Best practices method Independent water vapor (z) Nγ(z) Nγ(z=0) τ(z) 4
Why Raman LIDAR? Elastic Raman 20 μm 5 μm 2 Unknowns Electron Scanning Images 1 Unknown Transmission of Aerosol Particles from Transmission Pierre Auger Observatory Scattering (M. Micheletti) 5
Components tested in the Pierre Auger R&D site in Southeast Colorado USA Also see F. Sarazin for the Pierre Auger Collaboration New technologies for the Pierre Auger Observatory Research and development in southeastern Colorado (RDA) Poster 922. 6
DLF N For this test compare measurements of Aerosol Optical Depth τ(z) by two independent detectors T=e -τ(z)/sinѳ AMT Ѳ 7
Extracting Aerosol Optical Depth τ(z) T=e -τ(z)/sinѳ LIDAR (Raman Back Scatter) LIDAR and retrieval algorithm have been benchmarked against EARLINET EARLINET: European Aerosol Research LIDAR Network to Establish an Aerosol Climatology AMT (Elastic Side Scatter) Method used with Auger Observatory Fluorescence Detector + Central Laser Data Normalized Method L. Valore for the Pierre Auger Collaboration, Proc. 31 st ICRC, Łódź, Poland, 2009 (arxiv:0906.2358[astroph]) Astropart. Phys, 2010 33, 108-129 2009 (arxiv:1105.4016 [astro-ph]). 8
AMT: Atmospheric Monitoring Telescope WiFi 3.5 m 2 mirror (HiRes Optics) 1x1 degree Pixels GPS Based Trigger HEAT Electronics [1] 20 Mhz [1] H.J. Mathes presentation 0761 9
Laser/LIDAR (39 km Distant) 10
Raman LIDAR/Laser Liquid Light Guide UV window Automated Hatch GPS Slow Control Receiver Solid State Laser (355 nm, 7 ns) 5 mj 100 Hz/ 4 Hz Energy Monitor Mirror 50 cm, f/3 Data Acquisition Fast Photon Counting 250 Mhz 11
3-Channel LIDAR Receiver 355 nm Elastic Scattering 407.5 nm Raman H 2 0 Scattering Light Guide 386.7 nm Raman N 2 Scattering 12
Average difference in air density as determined from the GDAS model and measured from 27 radiosonde launches. +/- 0.25 % Details: M. Will for the Pierre Auger Collaboration, Poster 0339 13
Data Accumulation Hours with AMT and LIDAR observing 14
τ(4.5 km) 15
τ(z=4.5 km) Raman LIDAR τ(z=4.5 km) AMT 16
Atmospheric Super Test Beam - Status Raman LIDAR Weather Station Insulation Laser, Calibration Thermal Reservoir Batteries Nev DeWitt Pierrat, Blake Knoll (CSM) Funded, Construction in progress, Ship to Argentina, Install at CLF site 2012 17
Summary/Conclusions Accumulated >200 hours of data with AMT and Raman LIDAR First comparison between Raman and Elastic Side Scattering techniques Correlation observed Super Beam System Independent measurement of τ(z,t), especially after interesting events Test beam with Nγ known at ground and vs height Funded, construction in progress Inter disciplinary Science relatively few aerosol profile instruments in the southern hemisphere. 18
Extra Slides 19
Calibration and Monitoring Network Camera Cloud Monitor High Voltage Monitor AMT Laser/ LIDAR 20
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Physics Analysis with Auger Fluorescence Detector Typically select periods with τ(4 km) < 0.1 τ(4.5 km) 22
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large particles LR 10 30sr desert aerosols LR 35 45sr continental aerosols LR 50 70sr dust or polluted aerosol LR 80 100sr τ(4.5 km) 24
Operations Minute 0 15 30 45 60 AMT +Laser 120 Shots AMT LED Calib. Vary Raman LIDAR Laser @ 100 Hz Hours with AMT and LIDAR observing 25
26 Atmospheric Soundings Profiles: Temperature Pressure Water vapor Wind Density Depth