Fold Here Henrico County Public Schools/Grade4 SOL VS.2a 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2a

What are some ways that relative location can be described? Using terms that show connections between two places such as next to, near, and bordering 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade4 SOL VS.2a 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2a Which two large bodies of water border Virginia? Atlantic Ocean Chesapeake Bay 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2a 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2a Name the five states bordering Virginia. Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and North Carolina 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2a 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2a What is the name of the natural border between the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and Piedmont Regions, where waterfalls prevent further travel on the river? Fall Line 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b

What are some of the geographic characteristics of the Valley and Ridge Region of Virginia? - Includes the Great Valley of Virginia and other valleys separated by ridges (The Blue Ridge Mountain and the Valley and Ridge Regions are part of the Appalachian Mountain System.) - Located west of the Blue Ridge Mountains 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b What are some of the geographic characteristics of the Blue Ridge Mountain Region? - Old round mountains - Source of many rivers - Located between the Piedmont and Valley and Ridge Regions - Part of the Appalachian Mountain System 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b What are some of the geographic characteristics of the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) Region? - Flat land - Location near Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay (includes Eastern Shore) - East of the Fall Line 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b What are some of the geographic characteristics of the Piedmont Region? - Rolling hills - West of the Fall Line - Land at the foot of the mountains 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b

What best describes the land features of the Appalachian Plateau of Virginia? - Plateau (An area of elevated land that is flat on top) - Coal deposits - Located in southwest Virginia - Only a small part of the plateau is located in Virginia 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b What geographic term is used to describe the area of elevated land that is flat on top? Plateau 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b Name the five geographic regions of Virginia. - Coastal Plain (Tidewater) - Piedmont - Blue Ridge Mountain - Valley and Ridge - Appalachian Plateau 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b Where is the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) Region located? - East of the Fall Line - Near the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b

What best describes the land of the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) Region? - Flat land - Located near the Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b VS.2bWhat best describes the land of the Coastal Plain (Tidewa Where is the Piedmont Region located? - West of the Fall Line - Between the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) Region and Blue Ridge Mountain Region 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b The Fall Line is located between which two geographic regions of Virginia? Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and Piedmont Regions 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b Why did cities in Virginia develop along the Fall Line? - The waterfalls and rocks at the Fall Line stopped ships from traveling further up the rivers. - Ships unloaded their cargo at the Fall Line. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b

Which geographic region is located west of the Blue Ridge Mountains? Valley and Ridge Region 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2b Where is the Eastern Shore located? It is a peninsula bordered by the Chesapeake Bay to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c The city of Yorktown was established along which river? Yorktown is located along the York River. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c In the early 1600s, cities along the east coast began developing in areas that had access to this ocean. Name this ocean. Atlantic Ocean 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c

In the early 1600s, cities in Virginia began developing around the mouth of this bay because it provided a safe harbor and a source of food and transportation. Name this bay. Chesapeake Bay 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c What is a peninsula? A piece of land bordered by water on three sides 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c The city of Richmond was established along which river? James River 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c The city of Alexandria was established along which river? Potomac River 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c

Describe the economic importance of the Atlantic Ocean during colonial times. Provided transportation links (trades) between colonial Virginia and other places (e.g. Europe, Africa, Caribbean) 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c Describe the water features of the Chesapeake Bay. - Good harbors for transportation links - A source of food 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c Describe some water features of the James River and name two cities located along this river. - Flows into the Chesapeake Bay - Good harbors - A source of food - Richmond and Jamestown are located along the James River 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c Describe some water features of the York River and name a city located along this river. - Good harbors - A source of food - Flows into the Chesapeake Bay - Yorktown is located along the York River 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c

Describe the water features of the Potomac River and name a city located along this river. - Good harbors - A source of food - Flows into the Chesapeake Bay - Alexandria is located along the Potomac River 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c Describe the water features of the Rappahannock River and name a city located along this river. - Good harbors - A source of food - Flows into the Chesapeake Bay - Fredericksburg is located along the Rappahannock River 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c The city of Fredericksburg was established on which river? Rappahannock River 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c Name six large bodies of water in the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) Region. (Hint: 1 bay, 4 rivers, and 1 ocean) Chesapeake Bay, James River, York River, Rappahannock River, Potomac River, and the Atlantic Ocean 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2c

Name the American Indians (First Americans) who lived primarily in the Appalachian Plateau of Virginia and were part of the Iroquoian language group. Cherokee Indians 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2d Why were the first people of America called Indians? Christopher Columbus called the people in the lands he discovered Indians because he thought he was in the Indies (near China). 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2d The Algonquian language group lived primarily in which geographic region of Virginia? Coastal Plain (Tidewater) Region 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2d Name the American Indians (First Americans) who were part of the Algonquian language group and who lived primarily in the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) Region of Virginia? Powhatans 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2d

The Siouan language group lived primarily in which geographic region of Virginia? Piedmont Region 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2d Name the American Indians (First Americans) who lived primarily in the Piedmont Region of Virginia and who were part of the Siouan Language group. Monacans 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2d The Iroquoian language group lived primarily in which geographic region of Virginia? Appalachian Plateau 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2d Explain how the American Indians (First Americans) adapted to the environment to meet their basic needs during the four seasons. - Spring: dug for clams, fished, picked berries - Summer: grew crops (beans, corn, squash) - Fall: harvested and prepared some of the crops for winter storage - Winter: hunted birds and animals, such as deer, squirrel, rabbit, and wild turkey 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2e 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2e

What type of clothing did the American Indians (First Americans) of Virginia wear? - Animal skins (deerskins) were used for clothing - For garments in winter, they also made cloaks of feathers and furs - They wore decorations made from natural objects, such as shells, animal claws, and pearls 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2e 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2e What did the American Indians (First Americans) of Virginia use to provide shelter for their families? - They made one-room houses out of saplings tied together with cordage (rope) and covered them with reed mats or bark. - These wood and bark houses could be taken apart and carried from place to place. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2e 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2e What are some of the characteristics of Virginia s climate? There are four seasons: - Spring: mild temperatures with rain showers - Summer: hot and relatively dry - Fall: cool with rain - Winter: cold with snow and ice in some areas, rain in others 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2e 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2e Describe the largest vegetation of Virginia. Forests, which have a variety of trees, cover most of the land in Virginia. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2e 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2e

What were some ways the early American Indians (First Americans) adapted to the climate of Virginia and interacted with their environment to meet their basic needs? - Food changed with the seasons - Clothing depended on the seasons - Shelter was made from materials found around them 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2e 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.2e In what year did the three ships (the Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discovery) reach the Virginia coast near Cape Henry? 1607 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3a 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3a Who is the explorer credited with the exploration of Jamestown? Captain Christopher Newport 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3a 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3a What were some of the reasons for English colonization in America? 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3a - England wanted to establish an American colony to increase her wealth and power. - England hoped to find silver and gold in America. - An American settlement would furnish natural resources (raw materials) that could not be grown or obtained in England. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3a

Who is credited for the beginning of the first permanent English settlement at Jamestown? Captain John Smith 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3a 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3a Why did England and the Virginia Colony need each other s products? England depended on natural resources (raw materials) exported from the Virginia Colony. The Virginia Colony depended on imported capital resources (manufactured goods) from England. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3a 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3a How did the Virginia Company of London contribute to the development of colonial life in Virginia? The Virginia Company of London settled colonists in North America as an economic venture. They established the Virginia Colony to increase England s wealth and power. Henrico County Public Schools Henrico County Public Schools SOL VS.3a 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3a 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3a Why did the Virginia Company of London establish the Virginia Colony? They hoped to find a source of gold, silver, and natural resources (raw materials) that England could not produce. They established it as an economic venture. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3a 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3a

Why did the settlers choose the site at Jamestown? - They believed the location could be easily defended by Spanish attack from the sea. - The water along the shore was deep enough for ships to dock. - They believed they had a good supply of fresh water. - 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3b In the 1600s, the English established their first settlement near the mouth of this river because it was rich in natural resources, it had a good harbor, and it was easy to defend. Name this river. James River 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3b Name the three English ships that sailed to America to begin the first permanent settlement in the land they named Virginia. The Susan Constant, the Godspeed, and the Discovery 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3b What did the First Charter of the Virginia Company of London accomplish? It established companies to begin/finance colonies in North America/New World. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3c

What did the Second Charter of the Virginia Company of London accomplish? It allowed for a representative form of government in North America/New World. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3c What did the Third Charter of the Virginia Company of London accomplish? It extended English rights to colonists. The Third Charter remained in force until 1624 when the Virginia Company of London dissolved it and Virginia became a royal colony. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3c What was the name of the colony s second English settlement established by Thomas Dale? Citie of Henricus 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 What was the name of the first representative government in the Virginia Colony and in North and South America giving settlers the opportunity to control their own government? The Virginia House of Burgesses 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3d

The first representative government in the Virginia Colony was called the Virginia House of Burgesses. What is it called today? The General Assembly of Virginia 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3d What was an important step in the beginning foundation of the American democracy? The creation of the Virginia House of Burgesses 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3d What were the duties of the delegates in the Virginia House of Burgesses? They followed English law, acted on all tax laws, made other laws, and after 1625, they began managing all of the colony s affairs. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3d How did the Virginia House of Burgesses contribute to the development of colonial Virginia? The Virginia Company of London authorized the popular election of representatives from eleven different areas of the Jamestown settlement. These representatives met with Governor George Yeardly and the Council to suggest solutions for the problems of Virginia s rapidly developing society. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3d

Why were some people from England considered indentured servants? Some of the settlers could not afford the cost to travel from England to Jamestown, so they repaid the Virginia Company of London for their voyage by agreeing to work for a predetermined number of years. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3e 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3e Who introduced a better tasting tobacco, grown in Virginia, to the people in England? John Rolfe 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3e 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3e How did the growing of tobacco contribute to the development of colonial Virginia? The people of England liked John Rolfe s better tasting tobacco, therefore the demand for Rolfe s tobacco gave Virginia its first and most important cash crop. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3e 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3e How did English women contribute to the development of colonial Virginia? In 1620, the Virginia Company of London sent 90 unmarried English women to Jamestown. Their presence enabled the settlers to marry and to begin families. The women also increased the quality of life for the men by cooking better meals, sewing clothes, and taking care of the sick. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3e 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3e

How did the African people contribute to the development of colonial Virginia? In 1619, a Dutch ship arrived in Virginia carrying 20 persons of African descent. Soon the growing of tobacco, Virginia s first successful cash crop, quickly became dependent upon a large labor force of African people. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3e 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3e How did the American Indians (First Americans) help the Virginia colonists during 1607-1609? 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3f Because the surrounding land was heavily timbered or marsh covered, there was no cleared land ready for seeding. Captain John Smith became a friend with the Powhatan Indians. He worked with the Powhatan Indians to provide corn for the starving settlers. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3f How did the settlers use America s natural resources? Settlers soon learned how to live off of America s natural resources. By farming the rich soil, the colonists produced plenty of food. They grew corn and wheat, and raised livestock. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3f 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3f What hardships did the Jamestown settlers face? - The site they chose was marshy and lacked safe drinking water. - The settlers lacked the skills necessary to provide for their basic needs. - Many settlers died of starvation and disease. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3f 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3f

What changes took place to ensure survival at Jamestown? The arrival of two supply ships from England, the forced work program to grow food crops, and the strong leadership of Captain John Smith ensured survival of the settlers. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3f 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3f Who initiated trading relationships with the Powhatans? Captain John Smith 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3g 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3g The Powhatans traded food, furs, and leather with the English. What products did the English trade with the Powhatans? The English traded tools, cooking pots, and weapons with the Powhatans. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3g 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3g What major agricultural product of the Virginia Colony depended on a reliable and inexpensive source of labor? Tobacco 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3g 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3g

Who did Chief Powhatan send on behalf of his tribe, to meet the Virginia colonists? Pocahontas, his daughter 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3g 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.3g What term is used to describe a crop that is grown to sell for money rather than for use by the growers? Cash crop 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4a 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4a What is a cash crop? A crop that is grown to sell for money rather than for use by the growers 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4a 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4a In colonial times, what was a highly valued barter item that was frequently used as money? Tobacco 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4a 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4a

In which geographic regions of Virginia did the African people settle? Primarily in the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and Piedmont Regions, where agriculture required a great deal of labor 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4b How did the English culture influence the colonists? Cultural and social influences from England included religion, language, architecture, fashion, and family structure. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4b Why were so many people coming to North America from England? Some people were seeking religious freedom, others came in search of wealth, and others in hope of a better life. The colonies usually offered a better way of life for the English who chose to come. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4b How did the German and Scotch-Irish settlers contribute to the development of colonial Virginia? The German and Scotch-Irish settlers farmed the area west of the Shenandoah Valley. They grew wheat and other grains as their main crops. They made the eastern foothills of Virginia an area of small farms. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4b

The English lived primarily in which geographic regions of Virginia? The English settled in the Coastal Plain (Tidewater) and the Piedmont Regions. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4b The area named Richmond, reflected the culture of which group of people? English 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4b The area named Roanoke, reflected the culture of which group of people? American Indians (First Americans) 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4b What factors influenced the move of the capital from Jamestown to Williamsburg? - Jamestown was considered marshland - Drinking water was contaminated by seepage of salt water from the Chesapeake Bay - Williamsburg was situated at a higher elevation than Jamestown - Fire destroyed wooden buildings at Jamestown 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4c

What factors influenced the move of the capital from Williamsburg to Richmond? - Population was moving westward - Richmond was centrally located - Richmond s location was better for trade - Moving to Richmond increased the distance from attack by sea from the Spanish - Richmond was situated at a higher elevation than Williamsburg 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4c What economic term describes the activities that satisfy people s needs and wants? Services 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d What economic term describes touchable things (items) that people make or use to satisfy needs and wants? Goods 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d What is the meaning of barter? Trading or exchanging of goods and services without the use of money 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d

What is the meaning of credit? Buying a good or service now and paying for it later 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d What is the meaning of debt? A good or service owed to another 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d What is money? - A medium of exchange (currency which includes coins and paper bills) - In colonial days, tobacco was used as money to pay for goods and services. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d Describe the free enterprise system, which the English colonists began to follow by the mid- 1700s. Under this system people could start a business, decide what to make, how much to produce, and what price to charge. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d

In colonial times, when could consumers, who bought goods from merchants and shopkeepers on credit during the winter, pay their debts? When the crops were harvested in the spring, summer, or fall seasons 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d What did the colonists import from England? Manufactured Goods or Capital Resources (tools, cooking pots, weapons) 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d What are natural resources? Resources that come from nature (water, soil, wood, coal) 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.4d Why did the colonists object to the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts, which required them to pay taxes to England? They considered these two Acts as having taxation without representation. They felt that they should be part of the decisionmaking process between English and the colonists.

The Stamp Act of 1765 required the colonists to pay taxes on which items? They had to pay taxes (buy stamps) for paper documents. What were the Committees of Correspondence? They were a group of people (committees) representing each colony, which kept the other colonies informed of important political events. What was the First Continental Congress? An assembly of colonial delegates from every colony, except Georgia. They met in Philadelphia in 1774 to oppose the Intolerable Acts. What were the provisions made by the Treaty of Paris of 1763 that ended the French and Indian War? 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5a It gave the English almost all of the French lands in Canada and east of the Mississippi River. Spain received New Orleans and the French lands west of the Mississippi River. The French and Indian War put an end to France s strength in North America. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5a

What led up to the Stamp Act of 1765? The English felt that the colonists should help pay for the cost of the French and Indian War. To obtain additional revenue or money from the colonies, England began to place a tighter rule over the American colonies, which upset many of them. VS.5aWhat were Committees of Correspondence? What was the Stamp Act of 1765? The Stamp Act of 1765 required the colonists to (buy stamps) pay taxes for paper documents. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5a 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5a Why did France and England fight the French and Indian War? The two countries fought over the same land in the Ohio River Valley and over control of fur-trading and fishing industries in America. Why did the Indians help the French fight against the English in the French and Indian War? The French had many friends among the Indian tribes. They helped them fight the English because the English had often cheated and killed their Indian neighbors.

Who won the French and Indian War? The English What was the name of the treaty that ended the French and Indian War? The Treaty of Paris of 1763 Why was the group called the Sons of Liberty formed? This group encouraged the colonists not to obey the Stamp Act and not to buy or import goods from England. What were the Townshend Acts? In 1767, Parliament passed the Townshend Acts, taxing the colonies on such English imports as paint, lead, paper, and tea.

How did the colonists respond to the Townshend Acts? Troops from England were sent to the colonies to put down protests from the colonists. Fighting began and many people were killed (Boston Massacre). The Townshend Acts were repealed by the English, with the exception of taxing tea. How did the colonists respond to the tax on tea? In 1773, the Sons of Liberty dumped tea into the Boston harbor. This Boston Tea Party angered the English. In 1774, England passed several laws to punish the colonies called the Intolerable Acts. What problems caused conflict between England and the Virginia Colony? Conflict developed between England and the Virginia Colony over taxation and lack of representation in English government. Conflicts also developed over who would pay for the French and Indian War. What are a bill of rights? - A list of rights and freedoms guaranteed to the people - The belief that all people have rights that no government can take away

What were the three laws passed under the Intolerable Acts? The three laws of the Intolerable Acts closed Boston Harbor, dissolved Mass Assembly, and forced the Boston colonists to house English soldiers. What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence? It explained why the American colonies should break away from England and become independent. It laid out some basic ideas on which a government should be based. What two major decisions did the Second Continental Congress make when they met in Philadelphia in 1775? They established a colonial army and declared American independence from England. How did the colonists react when Virginia s Governor dissolved (or didn t recognize) the General Assembly and placed Virginia entirely under English Rule? They ignored the English decision and organized the Virginia Convention.

How did Virginians participate in political events leading to the American Revolutionary War with England? By organizing the Virginia Convention and by participating in the Continental Congress What were some events in the 1750s and 1760s, which began to turn the settlers against the government in England? England challenged and overturned laws passed by the Virginia General Assembly; England placed taxes on the colonists; the King of England meddled in colonists affairs; Virginia was placed entirely under English Rule What was the name of the constitution, drafted in 1777 and ratified in 1781, that gave few powers to the Congress and left extensive powers to the states? The Articles of Confederation 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5a 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5a Which battle of the American Revolution prevented the English from getting control of New York and New England? The Battle of Trenton (New Jersey) in 1776 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b

Who expressed reasons for colonial independence from England by writing the Declaration of Independence? Thomas Jefferson 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b Name some non-military people who helped win the American Revolution. - Farmers - Sailors - Business owners - Teachers - Women made clothes and cared for injured soldiers 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b Where did Patrick Henry give his famous Give me liberty or give me death speech? At the Henrico Parish Church (named St. John s Church fifty years later) in Richmond, Virginia 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b Who was James Armistead Lafayette? An African slave from Virginia who served with the troops of the Continental Army. He took important military information to other American spies. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b

Who was George Washington? He was an officer who fought near the end of the French and Indian War. He was the Commander in Chief of the Virginia Militia and then of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b What is the definition of a patriot? A person who is loyal or supports one s own country 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b Who won the Battle of Bunker Hill? The English (Although they won, they realized it would not be easy to fight the colonists.) 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b Which battle, considered the turning point of the American Revolution, caused the French to enter the war on the side of the Americans? Battle of Saratoga 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b

Where did George Washington and his troops spend the winter of 1778? Valley Forge, Pennsylvania 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b Where were the first battles of the American Revolution fought? Near Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5b Where was the final battle of the American Revolution fought? Yorktown, Virginia 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5c What was the importance of the American victory at Yorktown? The American victory at the Battle of Yorktown resulted in the surrender of the English army, bringing an end to the American Revolution. 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5 c 2001 Henrico County Public Schools/Grade 4 SOL VS.5 c