Smoke control in car parks - PDF Free Download

Smoke control in car parks The actual situation in CEN TC 191 SC1 WG9 Imagine the result Jean-Claude DE SMEDT MIFireE,MSFPE,MNFPA Senior Fire Safety Engineering Consultant @ ARCADIS Belgium Convener of CEN TC191 SC1 WG9 Smoke Control in Car Parks

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Smoke control in car parks The actual situation in CEN TC 191 SC1 WG9

Both systems will be covered by the European standard ducted systems as well as jet fan systems

Scope This standard gives minimum design, installation and commissioning requirements for powered smoke and heat control systems for enclosed car parks, with or without sprinkler protection, on one or more levels, for cars and light commercial vehicles (max 3,5 T), to reach the design objectives outlined in this standard. This standard is applicable for cars powered by petrol or diesel or other fuels which will have a fire performance similar to vehicles powered by petrol or diesel. This standard only covers traditional means of single vehicle parking, that is, those car parks with cars parked alongside each other with common access roadways/lanes for cars to be driven in and out.

Scope It does not cover other forms of car parking systems, such as stacking systems. Smoke and heat control systems for lorry parks and coach parks are not covered by this standard. This standard covers systems intended 1. to provide smoke clearance after a fire (system 1), 2. to assist active fire!fighting operations (system 2), 3. to protect the means for occupants to escape from the car park (system 3) Controls of and power supplies to the smoke control system are included. This standard does not cover requirements for normal day!to!day ventilation

CEN TC191 SC1 WG9 So far we had 10 meetings in EUROPE and 2 more meetings planned in 2011 (Antwerp & Paris) The activities started in December 2008 Participating countries: Austria, Belgium, France, Finland, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, The Netherlands, Luxemburg and UK At this moment we have about 125 documents into our portfolio A TG1 has been created within CEN TC191 SC1 WG9 Will deal with the parts of the standard dealing with CFD Chaired by Grzegorz SZTARBALA from Poland

A first draft based on the Belgian Standard & British standards had been prepared and discussed After discussion and analysis of this draft text we came to the conclusion that these two standards where mainly based on inspired guesswork and that it was not possible to adopt a calculation method as such Also some problems occur when we started to discuss the Fire Sizes for cars

To proceed with the discussions and make a final choice regarding Fire sizes we have invited Daniel JOYEUX from EFECTIS France who had been involved into a major research program in 1999 at CTICM and Martin SHIPP from BRE - FRS who recently lead the recent research in UK CTICM HRR BRE TESTS

Further to these both presentations it was agreed to use following values for HRR: Single burning car = 4 MW (Sprinklered fire) Two cars burning = 8 MW Three cars burning = 10 MW A 3 option approach has been suggested: Steady state Standard 3 car time dependent curve Special time dependent curved based on 1st and subsequent curves from CTICM

In order to proceed with the calculation procedure it has been agreed to adopt the method published in 1999 Extending the principles of Impulse Ventilation in Tunnels to apply to Smoke Control in Car Parks By H. P. Morgan B Sc, PhD, C Phys, M Inst P, C Eng, F I Fire E B. Vanhove, ir-arch J-C. DeSmedt, MIFireE,MNFPA,MSFPE

This calculation method allows to calculate the horizontal spread of the ceiling jet under the ceiling and takes into account the type of ceiling present in the car park. The velocity of the ceiling jet will vary if there is a flat ceiling,a ceiling with transversal beams or longitudinal beams

Situation with longitudinal beams Situation with a flat ceiling Situation with transversal beams

We are very hopeful that in addition to the results of the CTICM research and FRS/ BRE research we also will be able to utilize the results of a large research program which takes place in Gent at Ugent which will certainly validate everything we have so far!

Fire IVRY/ SEINE (level -3) This fire started in Paris on 31/10/2009 in an underground car park under a residential building was announced in the press as been a fire where 200 cars where destroyed Each level had an area of 3600 m" and was separated in two area s of about 1.800 m" separated by a fire door All the levels had separated boxes where the owners could park their cars This building was situated in an area where a lot of vandalism takes place and therefore most of the people did not want to park their car in the garages anymore

Fire IVRY/ SEINE (level -3) Most of the garage boxes have been used as a storage room(see photo s) with a high fire risk potential The investigation suspect that this fire is a criminal fire as they found two ignition sources They have fires in this building very regularly This fire lasted 5 hours The fire started at level -3 and spreaded towards levels -2 & -1 through the dilatation joints and probably also through conduction in several garages baring in mind the high potential risk

Fire IVRY/ SEINE (level -3) The Paris Fire Brigade have extinguished the fire by injecting foam through the ventilation ducts 37 cars have been destroyed by this fire (and not 200!!) as stated in the press

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Fire Safety & Smoke Control in a Multifunctional project including a very large car park in Hasselt, Belgium

Design criteria Smoke control: following BR186 & BR368 including NBN EN 12 101-5 for the shopping Center Car Parks: following the Belgian standard NBN S21 208-2 & calculation of the ceiling jet velocity Large stores: following the Belgian standard NBN S21 208-1 & NBN EN 12 101-5 Sprinkler system: following CEA 4001 Smoke Detection: following EN54-14

Fire Safety Level Kade

No downstand 1400 700 1 4500 5900 Smoke Free Height 3000

Shops Promenade SHEVS duct SHEVS fans SHEVS Shaft 3.00 m Evacuation level Promenade Shops Kade Motorised dampers SHEVS duct Evacuation shaft Shops Kade Parking -1 Parking -2

Sprinklers Sidewall sprinklers SHEVS duct 4.60m 6.10 m

Sprinklers Sidewall sprinklers SHEVS duct 4.60m Smoke Free Height 3.00 m Min. 3.50m 6.10 m

First approach for SHEVS

SHEVS principle level -1

Sprinklers Jet fans

Sprinklers Impulse fans Private parking Public parking

schacht 4 schacht 2 schacht 3 67 m utobrand inductieventilatoren schacht 1 dwarsbalken In/uitrit inductieventilatoren stuwkrachtventilatoren 283 m HRR-curve

Air velocity vectors without fire Air velocity vectors with fire

Visibility

Temperature at 1.7m & 2.6m

SHEVS for level -2

SHEVS for level -3

IMAGINE THE RESULT

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