Canadian Association of Fire Chiefs Steve Thurlow Dillon Consulting Limited September 21, 2015
2 About Dillon Today s Objectives Industry Trends Three Lines of Defence Fire Behaviour Fire Risk Assessment Education/Prevention Fire Suppression
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4 Maintain a high degree of technical knowledge within the industry. Apply industry guidelines and standards (e.g. OFMEM, NFPA, OHSA, NIST etc.) Commission on Fire Accreditation International Understand municipal best practices Support the industry. Attend and present at conferences (OAFC and CAFC) Provide expert advice at interest arbitrations
5 Fire Master Plans Organizational Reviews Accreditation Support Facility Assessments Intelligent Transportation Systems Fire Station Location Studies Labour Relations Support Operational Reviews
Recognize the importance of data to assess the current level of organizational performance in seeking continuous improvement. SAMPLE OF DATA NEEDS Committees Succession Plan Standard Operating Guidelines Corporate Strategy Station Locations Staffing Model Performance Measures Stakeholder Engagement Demographics Growth Projections Development Applications Records Management Fire Prevention and Public Education Activities Fire Loss Statistics Emergency Management 6
7 Identify the relevance of conducting a comprehensive community risk assessment as an integral component of developing fire suppression, fire prevention, and public education services.
8 Identify alternative preventative programs and strategies to target injury reduction and enhanced public safety through the application of the three lines of defence.
Dispatch Time! A Focus on Suppression Turnout Time " Priority was given to the number of firefighters, apparatus and stations. Focus was on fire suppression performance indicators including dispatch time, turnout time, travel time with emphasis placed on Total Response Travel Time # = Total Response Time Time. 9
10 Escalating costs of wages and benefits for fulltime firefighters; Collective bargaining and arbitration process challenges; Sustainability of the volunteer firefighter model; Increasing Applying strategies demands such on as all the firefighters, Three Lines including of higher training standards; Defence; Recognizing community risk as a key factor in determining the types and levels of fire protection services required.
11 Public Education and Prevention Fire Safety Standards and Enforcement Emergency Response Smoke alarm program, learn not to burn education, home escape planning; Identified vulnerable groups such as seniors and children Fire inspection program and regular inspection cycles based on type of occupancy; Licensing, and violation enforcement including prosecution Fire suppression services
12 HISTORICAL FIRE PROPAGATION CURVE Indicated flashover occurring in the range of 5 to 8 minutes. Emphasis was on deploying sufficient fire suppression resources. Attempted to arrive on scene Source: Fire Underwriters Survey Alternative Water Supplies for Public Fire Protection: An Informative Reference Guide for Use in Fire Insurance Grading May 2009 prior to flashover.
13 REVISED FIRE PROPAGATION CURVE Industry recognition that fires are burning faster and hotter. Emphasis on the First Two Lines of Defence. (e.g., early detection; early notification; home escape planning, etc.) Fire Suppression as the Fail Safe. Source: Fire Underwriters Survey Alternative Water Supplies for Public Fire Protection: An Informative Reference Guide for Use in Fire Insurance Grading May 2009 and NFPA "Fire Protection Handbook" 2001
14 PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 OFMEM Fire Risk Sub-Model Analysis 8 Key Risk Factors ü Property Stock ü Building Height and Area ü Building Age and Construction ü Building Exposures ü Demographic Profile ü Geography/Topography/ Road Infrastructure ü Past Fire Loss Statistics ü Fuel Load Identification of Sample Occupancies ü IRM Sample Occupanc y List from the subject Communit y Prelimina ry Occupan cy Analysis: OFMEM IRM Web Tool Application of Gap Analysis Recommendati ons Final Occupan cy Analysis: OFMEM IRM Web Tool Final Recs. Fire Master Plan Fully Integrated Methodology. Designed to reduce the probability and consequence of a fire. Data Output Data Input
15 Example of Risk Model Maps level of risk; Model distance travelled in a certain amount of time; Shows risk areas covered within certain amounts of travel time.
16 Application of OFMEM Integrated Risk Management (IRM) Web Tool: Designed for application on either individual buildings, specific occupancy types or similar/occupancy types within a community. Further evaluates the level of probability and consequence. Risk Factor Category Probability Consequen ce Building Factors 33.33% 25% First Line of Defence - Public Fire Safety Education 33.33% 25% Second Line of - Fire Safety Standards and Defence Enforcement 33.33% 25% Third Line of - Emergency Response N/A Defence 25%
17 Input developed in collaboration with Fire Prevention staff. Example of IRM Web Tool Output Applied to a sample group of existing major building occupancy types. Provides a comparison of the existing and future probability and consequences.
18 Analysis of current services and programs targeting the First Two Lines of Defence; Existing conditions in comparison to the performance targets of NFPA 1730; Determination of current service levels (education and prevention) programs; Gap analyses in comparison to comparator municipalities and NFPA 1730. Data Required ü Building stock by occupancy type; ü Initial inspection effort (hours); ü Recall inspection effort (hours); ü Correspondence (report) time; ü Average time per inspection; ü Total time per year for each occupancy type.
19 Evidence based analysis of current workload capacity; Assess current service levels in relation to comprehensive community risk assessment; Baseline for determining options to optimize education and prevention activities. Occupancy Classificatio n List of Occupancy Types and Sub- Classes #of Building s TABLE to TRACK EDUCATION/PREVENTION WORKLOAD Average Initial Inspection Time (hours) Average Recall Inspection Time (hours) Average Correspondence Time for Initial and Recall Inspections (hours) Total Average Time to Complete Initial Recall Inspection (hours) Total Time to Inspect Sub-Class (hours) Proposed NFPA 1730 Inspection Frequency (Every 1 to 4 years) Record amount of effort in hours by occupancy type and sub-class. Total Time Each Year to Inspect Sub-Class (hours) Total Time Each Year to Inspect Class (hours)
20 TABLE to SUMMARIZE EDUCATION/PREVENTION WORKLOAD & PERFORMANCE TARGETS Occupancy Classification Class A Assembly Class B Institutional Occupancy Type Public Assembly Halls, Arenas, Exhibition Halls, Restaurants, licensed Beverage Establishments, Theatres, Churches Hospitals, Institutions, Nursing Homes, Homes for the Aged, Residential Care Facilities, Special Needs Care Existing Fire Inspection Frequency Target Class D Business All Types 6 Year Cycle Proposed NFPA 1730 Standard Frequency Target Achieve Target 3- Year Cycle Annually X Annually Annually Class C Residential All Types 3- Year Cycle Annually X 3 Year Cycle X
21 Prioritize education/prevention programs targeting high and moderate risk occupancies; Identify resource requirements to sustain current education/prevention programs based upon community growth; Consideration of options to further enhance education/prevention performance targets:» Revised fire prevention inspection cycles» Increased public education activity.
22 Further utilization of fire suppression resources: Increased training in fire inspection/public education; Individually, by crew or by platoon; Participation in low and moderate risk occupancy inspections; and Enhanced public education targeting vulnerable University demographics or college (children, students seniors). to conduct smoke alarm program/home escape planning; and Partnership opportunities: Internships/apprenticeships in fire prevention programs.
23 Analyses of existing service level capabilities: Initial Response; and Depth of Response. Comparison with industry standards and guidelines including: NFPA (1710 and 1720 standards); NIST (residential and vertical response); Provincial guidelines; and Municipal comparators (similar fire risk ü Station locations ü Apparatus deployment plan ü Staffing model ü Time of call ü Dispatch time ü Turnout time ü Travel time Data Required ü Time on scene for each firefighter
24 EXISTING RESPONSE FUTURE GROWTH COMMUNITY FIRE RISK Analyses of key factors including: Existing response capabilities; Existing/future fire risk; and Projected community growth. Evidence based analysis of existing and future fire suppression service demands
25 Comprehensive data collection is necessary to develop an evidence based analysis of existing and future fire service performance Developing a comprehensive community fire risk assessment provides the opportunity to better understand needs and provide the appropriate fire protection strategies including education/ prevention or fire suppression Optimizing education and prevention programs is the strategy that best responds to the risks and fires of today. Reduction in probability and consequen ce of a fire.
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