Garden Cities & Suburbs in the 21 st Century RTPI Young Planners Conference, 2012 Patrick Clarke Technical Director, URS
Planning to deliver homes for people
Influencing the layout of c.1.8million homes built in the 1920 s & 30 s Shelthorpe Estate Masterplan by Barry Parker 1926
1920 s Homes for Heroes Programme Downham Estate, Lewisham. 6,000 homes built 1923-1930
Post war experiments in housing form and layout
North Hull Estate - Garden Suburb
Orchard Park - high rise
Orchard Park - Radburn & medium rise
Orchard Park regeneration
1980 s housing estate
Distributor roads
Front garden parking
End of the road
Pedestrian movement an after thought
Unloved open space
Mid 1990 s - Renewed interest in Urban Design
Analysis of housing layout, density & quality
Exemplar projects - Poundbury
Newhall
Woodbrook
Not matched by everyday practice
Layouts dominated by car parking Rear parking courts had higher levels of vehicle crime and criminal damage than other types of parking and also facilitated offenders access to the rear of properties
at the expense of gardens A crucial factor for homebuyers in choosing a house is the provision of outside space, and of gardens in particular. Over three quarters of respondents preferred to have a private garden rather than sharing a communal space with their neighbours CABE What homebuyers want (2005)
An inefficient & unsustainable approach to layout
Renewed interest in Garden Cities and Suburbs
Well planned communities at scale
Supported by the full range of facilities and services
Proven in a wide range of contexts
Formal and informal places
The best of town & country a more harmonious combination of the city and country, dwelling house and garden Raymond Unwin (1912)
A robust framework for detailed design Masterplan for Brentham Garden Suburb by Raymond Unwin 1907
Larger & greener development blocks
A range of attractive homes W
A landscape structure that matures over time
Developing a much loved approach for the 21 st Century
Plan strategically for growth Dispersed development Lateral expansion
Plan strategically for growth New Community New Community
Masterplan shaped by public transport
Walkable neighbourhoods Mixed use neighbourhood centres Range of different densities Direct and convenient walking routes Public transport connections to neighbouring towns High quality local open space Image adapted from the report of the Urban Task Force
Reinterpreting the Garden City approach to layout
Scheme A rear parking court layout 4 hectares; 137 homes; 34 dwellings per hectare; 1.5 parking spaces per home
Reinterpreting the Garden City approach to layout Masterplan for Brentham Garden Suburb by Raymond Unwin 1907
A Garden City approach
Scheme B a Garden City approach 4 hectares; 120 homes; 30 dwellings per hectare; 1.3 parking spaces per home
Indicative cost of development for each scheme
More space for gardens
Comparative land budget for 5,000 homes
Re-engaging with communities to develop the vision
Garden Cities & Suburbs in the 21 st Century RTPI Young Planners Conference, 2012 Patrick Clarke Technical Director, URS