RSL Fiber Systems, LLC Distributed Fiber Optic Temperature Sensing For Naval Combatants National Shipbuilding Research Program San Diego - December 7, 2015 This presentation is the sole property of RSL Fiber Systems, LLC. It cannot be copied or duplicated in whole or in part without the written consent of RSL Fiber Systems, LLC. 1
INDUSTRY TRENDS Today we inspect. By 2020 most systems will do self diagnostics Ron Vernier, CIO, Hartford Steam Boiler Co. 1. System Health Monitoring for Predictive Maintenance 2. Multi-Functional Control and Monitoring Systems 3. Multi-Functional Hardware 4. Networked Systems 2
US FLEET REALITIES Crew size reduction Maintenance costs Long deployments Short maintenance cycle Topside electronics / EMI Technologically advanced enemies 3
FIBER OPTIC SENSING TECHNOLOGIES Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) Fiber Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) Fiber Optic Remote Methane Sensing 4
TEMPERATURE - INDICATORS Fire Power cables amperage Electrical system malfunctions Machinery operation 5
WHY DISTRIBUTED TEMPERTURE SENSING Large number of sensors are needed Exact sensor location is unclear Electrical temperature monitoring is impractical Electrical temperature monitoring is unsafe 6
DISTRIBUTED TEMPERATURE SENSING Standard MM 50/125, 62.5/125 or SM fiber Entire fiber is the sensing unit up to 1000 zones per fiber channel Up to 30 Km MM, 40 Km SM - real time monitoring thru entire length Temperature rise of 0.5ºC Spatial Resolution down to 50 cm Spatial Interval down to 15 cm 7
RAMAN DTS CONCEPT 8 LIOS TECHNOLOGY Temperature measurement is based on Raman Scattering: Inelastic collisions of photons with atoms or molecules along the optical fiber. If photon loses energy to the wall, the scattered wavelength is longer (Stokes). If a scattered photon gains energy from the wall, the energy is larger therefore the wavelength is shorter (Anti-Stokes) Raman wavelengths are predictable and symmetric Stokes is Quasi-Temperature Insensitive Anti-Stokes is Temperature Sensitive Peak Increases as Temperature Increases Higher Oscillation Energy Temperature calculated by Comparing Stokes to Anti-Stokes
OFDR VS. OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometry = Pulsed Laser Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry = Frequency sweep of continuous laser light Parameters OTDR OFDR Pulse Broadening Reliability Dead Zones 50 ns @ 2 Km can turn into 70 ns pulse at 25 Km Location Uncertainty Pulsed Laser Light = Wear on laser electronics Laser wear Poor terminations with reflections at splice ends can create dead zones of 10 s of meters. Will not detect temperature and spatial resolution in those regions Operation without pulses No pulse broadening. Operation in Frequency Domain. No Location Uncertainty. No Pulses = No Laser wear Better Reliability (MTBF > 33 years) Not affected by poor terminations and splices. Temperature and location always exact. 9
LIOS DTS uses Raman Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) Allows for a high and constant spatial resolution over long distances Improves long term reliability OFDR Approach: Continuous wave operation SENSING TECHNOLOGY Backscatter signal is measured in a complex fashion as a function of the modulation frequency Laser Light is FM modulated Controller receives # of backscattered frequency data Measurement of backscattering in the frequency domain Fourier Transformation to time domain Intensity of Stokes & Anti-Stokes signal is directly coupled to the intensity of the lattice oscillation i.e. to the local temperature 10 Calculation of the temperature profile using the internal fiber (~150 m) as reference.
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ZONES AND ALARMS PARAMETERS 12
OPERATION, DISPLAYS, DATA Charon 3 Commission Controller Only Continuously Monitors and saves data to buffer Visualization Software Charon 4 LIOS Analysis Tools.rft File Customer Monitoring & Control System Hardware Output OPTIONS 13
DTS - INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS Oil & Gas Wells drilling Pipelines leakage detection LNG / CNG tanks monitoring Transit/Transportation Fire Detection Energy Generation Reactor Skin temperature monitoring Power cable and transmission line monitoring Powerplant conditions monitoring and life extension 14
DTS - IMPLEMENTATION Oil & Gas Pipelines Leakage Detection LIOS TECHNOLOGY 15
DTS - IMPLEMENTATION Power Generation Reactor Skin Temperature Monitoring Sensor Cable Fiber in Metal Tube (FIMT) Cable attached to reactor with magnets (No Welding) Measuring surface temperature of reactor and tubes LIOS TECHNOLOGY 16
DTS - IMPLEMENTATION LNG Containment Integrity Monitoring Full time monitoring of entire containment Redundant system (two DTS) No maintenance around containment Temperature Monitoring of Entire Containment 17 LIOS TECHNOLOGY
Power Cables Monitoring DTS - IMPLEMENTATION Real Time Thermal Monitoring / Rating (RTTR) Hot spots detection Fiber can be embedded in cables or placed along cables Power Cable with Embedded Fibers AP Sensing 18
APPLICATION DTS FIBER OPTIC CABLES WHERE INSTALLED TEMPERATURE RANGE CABLE TYPE Fire Detection Cable Trays -40 C to +85 C MIL-PRF-85045/16 Cable RTTR (1) Cable Trays -40 C to +85 C MIL-PRF-85045/16 Cable RTTR Internal to Cable -40 C to +85 C FIMT (2) w/acrylate Coated Fiber LNG Containment MV / HV Electrical Panels Containment Outside Wall Inside Electrical Panels (1) RTTR Real Time Thermal Rating -180 C to +85 C (Cryogenic) -40 C to +[TBD] C FIMT w/polyimide Coated Fiber High Temp Polyimide Cable (250 C) or FIMT for Higher Temperature (2) FIMT Fiber In Metal Tube 19
CONNECTORS at DTS E 2000 Angle Polish DTS CONNECTORS & SPLICES CONNECTIONS ALONG SENSING CABLE Fusion splicing Minimize attenuation losses and back reflections 20
DTS Possible Shipboard Applications Shipboard Monitoring & Control System Fire detection MV and HV electrical panels monitoring Machinery health monitoring Cabling systems health monitoring Others 21 21
2001 SENSING APPLICATION Equipment Monitoring Fire Detection DTS SHIPBOARD IMPLEMANTATION SENSING HARDWARE DTS Equipment Cable Connectors Splices / Hardware INCORPORATE IN SHIPBOARD ENVIRONMENT Equipment location Cable layout Sensing zones configuration Alarms set up Integrated Sensing System INTEGRATE SYSTEM Integrate in ship-wide monitoring systems 22
POSSIBLE DTS SHIPBOARD APPLICATION Fiber Cable Integration into Power Cable or Placement in Trays Sensing Zones Configuration Alarm Parameters Integration Into ship control & monitoring system Problems: Fire, Cable damage, Electrical faults Solution: Early warning to potentially dangerous situations 22 May 2008: USS George Washington fire - $ 70 Million Damage 23
Contact Information Giovanni Tomasi CEO/CTO (860) 282-4930 ext. 4929 (860) 305-5610 gptomasi@rslfibersystems.com RSL Fiber Systems, LLC 255 Pitkin Street East Hartford, Connecticut 06108 USA www.rslfibersystems.com 24