12/5/2017 1 ELEVATORS Integration of Codes between Fire Alarm, Sprinklers, and Elevators Encore Electric Inc. Prepared By John McGovern and Jeffrey Engelstad
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 2 Agenda Basics Elevator Types and Design Considerations Using the Codes Fire Alarm/Sprinkler Requirements
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 3 Elevator Types Basic Types: Hydraulic Traction
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 4 Hydraulic Elevators
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 5 Traction Elevators
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 6 Machine Room Less Elevators
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 7 Basic Elevator Design Rules of Thumb Commercial Office Buildings One Elevator per 50,000 GSF One Elevator per 2.5 3 floors served One Elevator for 250 300 persons Hotels One Passenger Elevator per 100 Rooms Minimum of 2 Passenger Elevators 2 Service Elevators up to 300 Rooms - 3 Service Elevators up to 500 Rooms Residential One Passenger Elevator per 150 Units One Service Elevator per 300 Units Service Elevators 4,000 Pound Capacity Minimum Deeper than Wide Office Building : >300,000 GSF = Dedicated Service Elevator; Add Additional Elevator for each incremental 400,000 GSF
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 8 Applicable Codes ASME (ANSI) ASME A17.1 National Elevator Code ASME A17.2 Inspection of Elevators ASME A17.3 Existing Elevators
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 9 Applicable Codes -International International Building Code (IBC) Chapter 30 Fire Service Access Elevators (FSAE) 403.6.1 International Fire Code (IFC)
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 10 Applicable Codes: NFPA NFPA 72 21 NFPA 13 8.15.5 NFPA 70 (NEC) NFPA 101
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 11 Applicable Codes: Need to Use Them All IBC / IFC Local, State and City Codes NFPA 70, 72, 101 & 13 ASME A17.1
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 12 Elevators and Fire Alarm High-rise fires cause the most injury and property damage During a Fire, Elevators play key roles: Modern Elevators move 12.5% of occupants in 5 minutes (40 min to empty) Firefighters gear weighs +65 lbs. plus an additional 65 lbs. in hose Ultra High-rises are utilizing elevators as a means of egress (OEE) Elevators provide speed during an emergency but must be kept safe!
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 13 Elevator Hoistways Built as shafts using fire barrier construction 1 hr. for < 4 stories (2 hr. for 4 or more) Maximum of 4 cars per shaft when serve the same building area (IBC 3002.2) Elevators shall not be in a common enclosure with a stairway (IBC 3002.7) No plumbing or mechanical systems (IBC 3002.9)
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 14 Elevator Cab Requirements Where elevators are provided in buildings four or more stories above, or four or more stories below, grade plane, not fewer than one elevator shall be provided for fire department emergency access to all floors. The elevator car shall be of such a size and arrangement to accommodate an ambulance stretcher 24 inches by 84 inches with not less than 5-inch radius corners, in the horizontal, open position This is not the Fire Service Access Elevator
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 15 Fire Service Access Elevators Where required by Section 403.6.1 (IBC), every floor of the building shall be served by fire service access elevators (FSAE) complying with Sections 3007.1 through 3007.9 (IBC). Min. number of FSAE was increased from 1 to 2 for Bldgs. over 120 ft.. (2009 IBC to 2012 IBC, same for 2015 IBC) FSAE if > 120 ft..
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 16 FSAE Requirements Fire Service Access Lobby: Formed by 1-hr smoke barriers with smoke/draft doors Direct access to stairway > 150 sf with a dimension not less than 8 ft.. Standby power and protection of power: Power the equipment, lights, ventilation Cables outside the hoistway or machine room need protection commensurate with the shaft rating (2012 IBC 3007.9.1 / 2015 IBC 3007.8.1) Monitored in the Fire Command Center
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 17 FSAE Requirements Protection Against Water: Machine Rooms CANNOT be sprinklered (NO Shunt Trip) An approved method to prevent water from infiltrating into the hoistway enclosure from the operation of the automatic sprinkler system outside the enclosed fire service access elevator lobby shall be provided
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 18 Occupant Evacuation Elevators (OEE) IBC Section 3008 Primarily as an alternative to 3rd stair requirement in high rise provisions not mandatory Assign call priority prior to Phase I recall Automatic detection on floors: Smoke/heat, water flow Also manual initiation from Command Room (not manual pull stations) NOT active if Level of Exit Discharge is in alarm Establish evacuation zones Alarm floor and 2 floors above/floor below Multiple alarm floors provision (increased alarm group) with priority to highest floor Travel between priority floor(s) and discharge level in express mode
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 19 ASME A.17.1 Definitions Phase I Emergency Recall Operation: the operation of an elevator where it is automatically or manually recalled to the recall level and removed from normal service because of activation of firefighters emergency operation. Phase II Emergency In-Car Operation: the operation of an elevator by firefighters where the elevator is under their control. Designated Level: the main floor or other floor level that best serves the needs of emergency personnel for firefighting or rescue purposes identified by the building code or fire authority. Alternate Level: a floor level identified by the building code or fire authority, other than the designated level. Recall Level: the designated or alternate level that cars are returned to when Phase I Emergency Recall Operation is activated.
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 20 NFPA Recall and Shunt Trip COORDINATION REQUIRED Consider: Elevator Type OEE, FSAE, Freight, PassengerR Hydraulic, Traction, MRLR Construction Material (Cable, Cab, Fluids?) Sprinklered (NFPA 13)? Control Room/Space? Machine Room/Space?
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 21 NFPA Recall Provided by lobby heat or smoke detection which initiates a recall to a safe floor Designated primary and alternate Also provided by machine room detection and shaft detection if present Selection of primary and alternate should be based on AHJ determination and must be documented Recall on general alarm not required, except 2012 FSAE Lobby smoke within 21 ft. of the centerline of each elevator door in a bank One detector can serve multiple openings
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 22 Phase I Emergency Recall 21.3.5* A lobby smoke detector shall be located on the ceiling within 21 ft.. (6.4 m.) of the centerline of each elevator door within the elevator bank under control of the detector.
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 23 Recall: Fire Fighter Warning Activation of primary recall detectors SOLID HAT Activation of the elevator machine room, elevator machinery space, elevator control space, or elevator control room initiating devices identified in 21.3.14.1(2) or 21.3.14.2(2) FLASHING HAT Additional requirements for annunciation in Command Room (where provided) for FSAE and OEE Typically handled by elevator control panel
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 24 Shunt Trip In the presence of a sprinkler system, shunt trip kills power to critical equipment before sprinkler operation Top of shaft, elevator machine rooms and control rooms/spaces Recognized approaches Traditional: Heat detection with an activation temperature less than the activation temperature of the sprinkler heads Alternate: Zero-Retard (Non-field-settable) Flow Switch Or just get rid of sprinklers0
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 25 Basic FA: Hydraulic Elevators
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 26 Sprinklers Needed or Not? NFPA 13, 2010 Edition 8.15.5.1 Sidewall heads shall be installed in the pit not more that 2 feet above the pit floor. 8.15.5.2 Sprinklers in 8.15.5.1 above not required in non-combustible construction hoistway with no hydraulic fluids. 8.15.5.3 Sprinklers required in machine rooms. 8.15.5.4 Sprinklers required at the top of the hoistway. 8.15.5.5 Sprinklers not required at top of hoistway where hoistway is non-combustible construction. 8.15.5.6 Sprinklers required at top of hoistway where polyurethanecoated steel belts or other similar combustible material belt material.
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 27 Sprinklers Needed or Not? NFPA 13, 2013 & 16 Editions 8.15.5.3Automatic fire sprinklers shall not be required in elevator machine rooms, elevator machinery spaces, control spaces, or hoistwaysof traction elevators installed in accordance with the applicable provisions in NFPA 101, or the applicable building code, where all of the following conditions are met: (1) The elevator machine room, machinery space, control room, control space, or hoistway of traction elevator is dedicated to elevator equipment only. (2) The elevator machine room, machine room, machinery space, control room, control space, or hoistway of traction elevators are protected by smoke detectors, or other automatic fire detection, installed in accordance with NFPA72. (3)The elevator machinery space, control room, control space, or hoistway of traction elevators is separated from the remainder of the building by walls and floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assemblies having a fire resistance rating of not less than that specified by the applicable building code. (4) No materials unrelated to elevator equipment are permitted to be stored in elevator machine rooms, machinery spaces, control rooms, control spaces, or hoistways of traction elevators. (5) The elevator machinery is not of the hydraulic type.
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 28 Sprinklers Needed or Not? NFPA 13, 2013 & 16 Editions 8.15.5.5 Upright, pendant, or sidewall spray sprinklers shall be installed at the top of elevator hoistways. 8.15.5.6 The sprinklers required at the top of the elevator hoistway by 8.15.5.5 shall not be required where the hoistway for passenger elevators is non-combustible or limited combustible and the car enclosure materials meet the requirements of ASME A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators.
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 29 Sprinklers Needed or Not? 8.15.5.7.1 Sprinklers shall be installed at the top and bottom of elevator hoistways where elevators utilize combustible suspension means such as noncircular elastomeric-coated or polyurethane-coated steel belts. 8.15.5.7.2 The sprinklers in the elevator hoistway shall not be required when the suspension means provide not less than an FT-1 rating when tested to the vertical burn test requirements of UL 62, Flexible Cords and Cables, and UL 1581, Reference Standard for Electrical Wires, Cables, and Flexible Cords.
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12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 33 Basic FA: Traction Elevators
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 34 Basic FA: Traction Elevators NFPA 13??
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 35 Basic FA: MRL Elevators
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 36 Basic FA: MRL Elevators Control Room/Space???
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 37 Phase I Emergency Recall Key 2.27.3.1 Phase I Emergency Recall Operation 2.27.3.1.1 A three-position key-operated switch that will not change position without a deliberate action by the user, shall be (a)provided only at the designated level for each single elevator or for each group of elevators. (b) labeled FIRE RECALL and its positions marked RESET, OFF, and ON (in that order), with the OFF position as the center position. The FIRE RECALL letters shall be a minimum of 5 mm (0.25 in.) high. Text shall be either red on a background that contrasts with red, or a color that contrasts with red on a red background. (c) located in the lobby within sight of the elevator or all elevators in that group and shall be readily accessible.
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 38 Phase I Emergency Recall Device 2.27.3.2 Phase I Emergency Recall Operation by Fire Alarm Initiating Devices (FAIDs) 2.27.3.2.1 Rsmoke detectors or other automatic fire detectors in environments not suitable for smoke detectors (fire alarm initiating devices) used to initiate Phase I Emergency Recall Operation shall be installed in conformance with the requirements of NFPA 72, and shall be Located (a) at each elevator lobby served by the elevator (b) in the associated elevator machine room, machinery space containing a motor controller or driving machine, control space, or control room (c) in the elevator hoistway, when sprinklers are locatedin those hoistways
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 39 Phase I Emergency Recall NFPA 72 21.3.2* In facilities without a required building fire alarm system, fire alarm initiating devices used to initiate elevator Phase 1 Emergency Recall Operation shall be connected to either a non required building fire alarm system or a dedicated function fire alarm control unit that shall be designated as elevator recall control and supervisory control unit, permanently identified on the dedicated function fire alarm control unit and on the record drawings. Is this a Fire Alarm Panel?
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 40 Phase I Emergency Recall NFPA 72 21.3.3 Unless otherwise required by the authority having jurisdiction, only the elevator lobby, elevator hoistway, elevator machine room, elevator control room, and elevator control space smoke detectors or other automatic fire detection as permitted by 21.3.9 shall be used to initiate elevator Phase I Emergency Recall Operation.
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 41 Phase I Emergency Recall 21.3.9* If ambient conditions prohibit installation of automatic smoke detection used to initiate elevator Phase I Emergency Recall Operation, other automatic fire detection initiating devices shall be permitted.
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 42 Phase I Emergency Recall NFPA 72 21.3.13.3* Elevator Warning Signal. For each elevator or group of elevators, an output shall be provided to the elevator controller in response to any of the following: (1) Activation of the elevator machine room, elevator machinery space, elevator control space, or elevator control room initiating devices (2) Activation of the elevator hoistway initiating devices
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 43 Phase II Emergency Operation Phase II operation is an override meant for firefighters after Phase I has been activated. Under Phase II operation, firefighters can use a keyswitch to operate the elevator, provided the hoistway is clear of smoke and the elevator has electricity.
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 44 Shunt Trip Code: ASME A17.1 2013 2.8.3.3.2 Rwhere elevator equipment is located or its enclosure is configured such that application of water from sprinklers could cause unsafe elevator operation, means shall be provided to automatically disconnect the main line power supply to the affected elevator and any other power supplies used to move the elevator upon or prior to the application of water. (a) This means shall be independent of the elevator control and shall not be self-resetting. (b) Heat detectors and sprinkler flow switches used to initiate main line elevator power shutdown shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 72. (c) The activation of sprinklers outside of such locations shall not disconnect the main line elevator power supply. 2.8.3.3.3 Smoke detectors shall not be used to activate sprinklers in these spaces or to disconnect the main line power supply.
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 45 Shunt Trip Code: IBC 2015 3005.5 Shunt trip. Where elevator hoistways, elevator machine rooms, control rooms and control spaces containing elevator control equipment are protected with automatic sprinklers, a means installed in accordance with Section 21.4 of NFPA 72 shall be provided to disconnect automatically the main line power supply to the affected elevator prior to the application of water. This means shall not be selfresetting. The activation of automatic sprinklers outside the hoistway, machine room, machinery space, control room or control space shall not disconnect the main line power supply.
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 46 Shunt Trip Code: NFPA 72 2010 21.4 Elevator Shutdown. 21.4.1*Where heat detectors are used to shut down elevator power prior to sprinkler operation, the detector shall have both a lower temperature rating and a higher sensitivity as compared to the sprinkler 21.4.2* If heat detectors are used to shutdown elevator power prior to sprinkler operation, they shall be placed within 24 in. (610 mm) of each sprinkler and be installed in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 17. 21.4.3*If pressure or waterflow switches are used to shutdown elevator power immediately upon, or prior to, the discharge of water from sprinklers, the use of devices with time-delay switches or timedelay capability shall not be permitted. 21.4.4*Control circuits to shutdown elevator power shall be monitored for the presence of operating voltage. Loss of voltage to the control circuit for the disconnecting means shall cause a supervisory signal to be indicated at the control unit and required remote annunciators.
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 47 Shunt Trip Overview Heat Detectors Lower Temperature/Higher Sensitivity Heat detector must be within 24 in. of each sprinkler head Allows flow switch with no time delay Shunt trip relay power must be monitored Transmit supervisory if impaired
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 48 Shunt Trip: FSAE & OEE IBC 2015 [F] 903.3.1.1.1 Exempt locations. Automatic sprinklers shall not be required in the following rooms or areas where such rooms or areas are protected with an approved automatic fire detection system in accordance with Section 907.2 that will respond to visible or invisible particles of combustionr 4. Rooms or areas that are of noncombustible construction with wholly noncombustible contents. 5. Fire service access elevator machine rooms and machinery spaces. 6. Machine rooms, machinery spaces, control rooms and control spaces associated with occupant evacuation elevators designed in accordance with Section 3008.
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 49 Shunt Trip and Recall: FSAE NFPA 72 Section 21.5 The following conditions shall be continuously monitored and displayed: Normal and emergency power availability Status of the elevator(s), including location within the hoistway, direction of travel, and whether they are occupied Elevator management system shall provide Temperature and presence of smoke in associated lobbies and machine room (if provided) NFPA 72 18.11 (2010) Standard Emergency Service Interface. Where required by the enforcing authority; governing laws, codes, or standards; or other parts of this code, annunciators, information display systems, and controls for portions of a system provided for use by emergency service personnel shall be designed, arranged, and located in accordance with the requirements of the organizations intended to use the equipment.
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 50 Shunt Trip and Recall: OEE? All of NFPA 72 Section 21.5 andr Notify Fire Command when the elevator is called into Occupant Evacuation Mode Ability to start total evacuation or selective evacuation based on an alarm signal received from a specific floor or by Fire Command Special alarm floor evacuation messages USE ElevatorR Safe Zone Messages by Alarm Groups
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 51 Lighting: FSAE For FSAE lighting must be provided within the hoistway (IBC 3007.6.2). 1 ft-cd minimum at top of the car of each FSAE Come on with Phase I Recall The light allows firefighters to check for fire, smoke or water in the hoistway and aids the firefighters escape through the top of the cab if the elevator stops.
12/5/2017 Encore Electric Inc. 52 Questions