Step 4: Window Placement Matters Un-shaded east facing requires U-Factor & SHGC North facing allows U-Factor & SHGC 37 2011 FESC Summit
Step 5: Maintain/Upgrade HVAC Source: NREL PIX #15081 (http://www.nrel.gov/data/pix/) Source: Hal Knowles, University of Florida 38 2011 FESC Summit
Step 6: Maintain/Upgrade Water Heater Source: Kathryn Ziewitz, University of Florida Source: Hal Knowles, University of Florida 39 2011 FESC Summit
40 2011 FESC Summit Step 7: Upgrade Lighting & Appliances
Overview: Whole House Approach Step Component Strategy Impact 1 Doors, windows, walls, floor, and ceiling 2 Heating / air conditioning (HVAC) ductwork Weatherize & seal any holes or gaps in building envelope Seal and insulate ductwork Improves air barrier by reducing air leakage Improves air barrier by reducing air leakage 3 Attic insulation Improve / replace to R-value recommended for your area 4 Windows Evaluate existing quality/performance/aesthetics & selectively upgrade (treatments before structure) Improves thermal barrier by increasing insulation function Improves air & thermal barriers by reducing leakage & reducing SHGC 5 Heating / air conditioning (HVAC) system Service existing HVAC system and/or upgrade to properly sized SEER 15 or higher HVAC system Improves heating and cooling efficiency 6 Water heater Replace old inefficient model with modern ENERGY STAR alternative 7 Lighting Replace high wattage bulbs (e.g., incandescent, halogen) with low wattage alternatives of comparable lumen value (e.g., CFL, LED) 8 Ceiling fans Install ENERGY STAR ceiling fans in commonly occupied rooms 9 Appliances Replace old inefficient models with modern ENERGY STAR alternatives 41 2011 FESC Summit Reduces water heater energy consumption Reduces lighting energy consumption and unnecessary heat load to indoor spaces Reduces load on HVAC system by improving occupant comfort Reduces appliance energy consumption
Resources: Whole House Approach U.S. Department of Energy. Energy Efficiency Pays: Systems approach cuts home energy waste and saves money. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/buildi ng_america/26290.pdf U.S. Department of Energy. 2003. Whole-House Energy Checklist: 50 Steps to Energy Efficiency in the Home. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. http://www.southface.org/web/resources&services/publication s/technical_bulletins/ WH-Energy%20Checklist%20GO-10099-766.pdf U.S. Department of Energy. 2009. Whole-house Systems Approach. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. http://www.energysavers.gov/your_home/designing_remodelin g/index.cfm/mytopic=10370 42 2011 FESC Summit
What matters more? The alternative supply? Or the efficiency upgrade? Remember reduce, reuse, recycle, retrofit, 43 2011 FESC Summit renew, then rethink! 43 Source: Kathryn Ziewitz, University of Florida 43
1950s Ranch Retrofit: Conservation + Efficiency 44 2011 FESC Summit Source: Kathryn Ziewitz, University of Florida Source: Kathryn Ziewitz, University of Florida 44
Conservation Measures Purchase (orientation) Down comforter (sleep) Throw blankets (lounge) Seasonally appropriate attire Slippers / thermals Barefoot / shorts Thermostat set points Summer: 78-80 Winter: 62-68 Seasonally appropriate use of blinds/drapes Daylighting Thermal barrier Fans for spot skin cooling Easy on the plug loads Climate acclimation Co-showering Water heater set point 100-110 degrees (variable) 45 2011 FESC Summit
Efficiency Measures Energy Star appliances Ceiling fans Refrigerator Front loading washing machine Programmable thermostat CFL replacement bulbs LED vent hood lights Window blinds/drapes Minimal moisture trapping surfaces Removed carpet Refinished terrazzo Dual glazed low-e sliding glass door & MBwindow Tankless natural gas water heater 46 2011 FESC Summit
1950s Retrofit: Performance Year 47 2011 FESC Summit GRU Avg. (ekwh/1000sf) Retrofit Avg. (ekwh/1000sf) Difference (Value) Difference (%) Sum of Degree Days 2000 11,953 9,757 (2,196) -18% 3,969 2001 12,282 9,154 (3,128) -25% 3,866 2002 12,610 9,959 (2,651) -21% 4,196 2003 12,696 7,620 (5,076) -40% 4,172 2004 12,465 10,414 (2,051) -16% 3,955 2005 12,030 11,139 (891) -7% 3,925 Avg. 12,339 9,674 (2,665) -21% 4,014 2006 11,539 4,226 (7,313) -63% 3,916 2007 10,440 5,327 (5,113) -49% 4,026 2008 8,409 5,639 (2,770) -33% 3,621 2009 10,589 6,851 (3,738) -35% 4,225 Avg. 10,244 5,510 (4,734) -45% 3,947 Difference (2,095) (4,163) (2,068) -24% (67) Difference 17% 43% -78% -113% 2%
48 2011 FESC Summit Source: Hal Knowles, University of Florida
Solar PV Production Time = 362 days (Feb. 2009 - Feb. 2010) Production Annual = 4,168 kwh Daily Avg. = 11.51 kwh Income Annual = $1,333.76 Monthly Avg. = $111.15 Daily Avg. = $3.68 Consumption Pattern (2009) 822 kwh/month (or 571 kwh/month/1,000 sf) 27 kwh/day $79/month 49 2011 FESC Summit
2009 Comparison: Efficiency vs. PV Efficiency = 4,734 kwh (at $3,000 investment) GHG avoided = 9,363 lb CO 2 e (or 4.25 MtCO 2 e) Solar PV = 4,168 kwh (at $26,000 investment) GHG avoided = 8,244 lb CO 2 e (or 3.74 MtCO 2 e) 50 2011 FESC Summit
2009 Comparison: Efficiency vs. PV Daily baseload = 9-16 kwh 140-320 kwh/month (or) 5-10 kwh/day Cooking, fridge, lights, clothes washing/drying, entertainment 120-175 kwh/month (or) 4-6 kwh/day Water heating Daily space conditioning = up to 75 kwh 0-2,300 kwh/month (or) 0-75 kwh/day 2009 Avg. = 330-560 kwh/month (or) 11-19 kwh/day 51 2011 FESC Summit
GRU DSM Program Outcome 2007 Programs # of HH Rebate $ / HH kwh Saved/ HH $ Saved/ HH Total kwh Saved kwh Saved / $ Duct Sealing 130 $375 1,060 $127 137,800 2.83 Refrigerator Buyback Central A/C Replacement 319 $75 793 $95 252,967 10.57 179 $550 2,406 $289 430,674 4.37 2007 Programs CO2e (lb/kwh) CO2e(lb) Avoided/ HH CO2e(lb) Avoided Total CO2e (kg/kwh) CO2e(kg) Avoided/ HH MtCO2e Avoided Total $ / MtCO2e Duct Sealing 1.978 2,097 272,561 0.897 123,634 124 394 Refrigerator Buyback 1.978 1,569 500,355 0.897 226,961 227 105 Central A/C Replacement 1.978 4,759 851,850 0.897 386,399 386 255 52 2011 FESC Summit
Source: www.istockphoto.com Technology is a tool only as effective as its user
Source: www.istockphoto.com RPR2011 2011 FESC Summit 54