OVERVIEW Increasing Awareness of Occupant Evacuation in Tall Buildings Traditional Focus has been on Evacuation From Fire Current Practice - Facilitate Broad Variety of Evacuation Scenarios Design to Facilitate Full Building Evacuation Considerations for Adjacent Building Evacuations Impact of Mass Disasters in High Density Urban Centers
High Rise Fire Safety Approach Active & Passive Fire Safety Features to Control Fire and it s Effects Fire Resistant Structure & Fire Barriers Fire Suppression Systems Fire Detection, Alarm & Communication Systems Smoke Management Systems Means of Egress to Facilitate Occupant Evacuation and Defend in Place Exit Stairs Refuge Floors Evacuation Elevators Features that Support Fire Fighting Operations Internally in The Building Fire Command Center Fire Fighter s Elevators & Vestibules Fire Fighting Water Supply
Jin Mao Tower 1999 421M Shanghai World Financial Center 2008 492M Shanghai Tower 2015 632M Shanghai A Tale of Three Towers
Early Mixed-Use Design Office & Hotel Atrium Design Local Code & International Best Practices Defend in Place Active Fire Systems Means of Egress Jin Mao Tower
Refuge Floors Jin Mao Tower Fire Safety Features Level 15 & 30 in Office Every Floor in Hotel
Jin Mao Tower Fire Safety Features Stairs Interrupt at Refuge Floors Egress to Refuge Floor Reduces Stack Effect Allows Transfer to Other Stairs Refuge Floors 2 hour Enclosure Mechanical Pressurization 2 Hour Shaft Separation Area of Refuge
Mixed-Use Design Office & Hotel Atrium Design at Top Shanghai World Financial Center Local Code & International Best Practices Defend in Place Active Fire Systems Means of Egress
SWFC Fire Safety Features Fire Safety Features Protected inside Concrete Core Walls Critical Life Safety Functions located inside Concrete Core Shear Walls Exit Stairs Fire fighters Elevators Evacuation Elevators Sprinkler/Standpipe Risers Fire Detection, Alarm & Communication Risers Emergency Power Risers
High Occupancy at Top of Tower SWFC Fire Safety Features
Elevator Assisted Evacuation SWFC Fire Safety Features
Elevator Assisted Evacuation Number of occupants in Tower 20000 18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 SWFC Fire Safety Features Total number of occupants in tower against time 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 Time (minutes) Evacute using Stairway Only Lift-assisted Evacuation
Shanghai Tower Mixed-Use Design Office & Hotel Atrium Design in Each Section High Occupancy Use at Top Local Code & International Best Practices
Shanghai Tower Fire Safety Features Evacuation Elevators Fire Fighters Elevators Evacuation Elevators
Shanghai Tower Fire Safety Features Lifeboat Evacuation Elevators Attendant Controlled Emergency Power Protected From Water Effects Operating Characteristics of Evacuation Elevators
Refuge Floor Shanghai Tower Fire Safety Features Level 117 Refuge Floor Fire Fighters Elevators Evacuation Elevator Exit Stairs Refuge Area
Observation Floor Shanghai Tower Fire Safety Features Level 118 Observation Floor Fire Fighters Elevators Primary Exit Stairs Supplemental Exit Stairs
Shanghai Tower Fire Safety Features Evacuation Modeling Benchmarking for 2 Hour Evacuation Using Stairs & Evacuation Elevators
Emergency Planning & Response Considerations Emergency management in Dense Urban Areas Siting Buildings to Reduce Impacts on Adjacent Structures Emergency Vehicle Access within Adjacent Properties Flexible Command & Control Locations Assembly Points for Building Occupants inside and outside building Shelter, Sustenance & Transportation
Contact Information Fang Li, FSFPE; Executive Vice President, RJA China fli@rjagroup.com James Antell, AIA, PE; Executive Vice President, RJA International jantell@rjagroup.com Martin Reiss, PE, FSFPE; President, RJA International mreiss@rjagroup.com