CHALARIS MICHALIS, FIRE LIEUTENANT COLONEL CHEMIST PhD 1
Contents of presentation PART I : Hellenic Incident Command System For Confrontation of C.B.R.N. Threats: The Role of Fire Service PART II: Mapping First Responders Needs in Chemical Detection on CBRN incidents 2
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PART I HELLENIC INCIDEND COMMAND SYSTEM FOR CONFRONTATION OF C.B.R.N. THREATS : THE ROLE OF FIRE SERVICE 6
3.Special Disaster Response Units (EMAK) Today, there are 8 EMAK units in total, scattered all over Greece, as shown in the following map: 1st EMAK: Athens Elefsina) 2nd EMAK: Thessaloniki 3rd EMAK Heraclion-Crete 4th EMAK Komotini 5th EMAK Ioannina 6th EMAK Patra 7th EMAK Lamia 8th EMAK Larissa 7
Greece: Administrative Regions 8
Command levels Political Strategic Operational Tactical 9
CONCEQUENCE MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE SECURITY COORDINATION COUNCIL (MINISTERIAL LEVEL) (K ) GENERAL SECRETARY FOR CIVIL PROTECTION (ΓΓ ) G.S.C.P. EMERGENCY OPERATION CENTER (GSCP EOC, Κ ) 10 INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE CELL / GSCP C.B.R.N. CRISIS MANAGEMENT SUPPORT TEAM / GSCP (CMST, ) CASUALTY BUREAU / GSCP INCIDENT COMMAND TEAM (ICT, ) POLITICAL STRATEGIC OPERATIONAL TACTICAL
CONTROL ZONES 11
HOT ZONE 12
Detection- Identification & Sampling Team 13
Response Team 14
TRIAGE Triage is a simple method of sorting patients of a mass casualty incident in a rapid fashion. The technique assures the best outcome for the greatest number of patients. This process permits very few rescuers to rapidly sort a large number of patients without the need for specialized training. Brought together with victim rescue, more lives can be saved in the event of a Weapons of mass destruction or major hazardous materials release. 15
WARM ZONE 16
Decontamination Group Decontamination Group Supervisor Movement Of Patients Mass Decontamination Patient Decontamination Line Responder Decontamination line 17
Responder Decontamination TYPICAL DECONTAMINATION SETUP Typical Decontamination SetupEntry Corridor Manifold Clean side Tool Drop Tarp Portable Sprayer Portable Sprayer Stools Handler Pool Pool Pool Post Post Buckets Bucket Bucket & Brush Large Plastic Bags Overpack Drum Bucket & Brush Overpack Drum Handler Warm Zone Dirty side Hot Zone 18 Note: Portable sprayers are an option that can be used instead of hose line. Set up with wind blowing towards hot zone. Cold Zone
Victim Decontamination 19
COLD ZONE 20
Chemical Self-protection Greater Hazard Level A Level B Level C Level D Bunker Gear? Higher Burden 21
Preparedness Preparedness Is the Key to Effective Event Command Awareness Training Equipment Resources Planning Exercises 22
Summary There is no best way to organize an incident. Incident should be developed to meet the functions and needs required. Incident organization may change to reflect the phases of an incident. 23
Remember: The CBRN incident is not impressed by organizational charts it IS impacted by a wellcoordinated attack on the problem through the effective assignment of resources. 24
PART II Mapping First Responders Needs in Chemical Detection on CBRN incidents 25
Introduction At the crisis management with CBRN incident a very important stage for the decision-making of first responders, health services and government etc is the process of detection and identification of hazardous substances. 26
Detection- Identification Systems 27
Chemical Agent Detection 1. CHEMICAL DETECTOR PAPERS Paper, PH Paper CM Agent Detector: M8 Paper, CM Agent Detector: M9 2. CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION KITS Colorimetric Gas Detection Tubes Chemical Agent Detector Kit: M256A1 3. CHEMICAL DETECTION INSTRUMENTS Multi - Gas Meter Chemical Agent Monitor Saw Mini Cad 28
ph Paper 29
M8/M9 Paper Liquid Agent Detection Detects V, G, H 3 Color (M8) and 1 Color (M9) Quick but gets false positives 30
Colorimetric Tubes Capabilities: Detect, Identify Family of Chemicals: Nerve and Blister Agents Identify, Quantify (PpM) Choking and Blood Agents Sampling Unknown Agents Limitations: Hand Manipulations 8 Specific Tubes Required Best Uses: Industrial Chemicals 31 Verification of Chemical Detection
M256A1 Detection Kit 32
Multi Gas Meter 33
Improved Chemical Agent Monitor ICAM Detects Nerve or Blister Agents (not at same time) Lower Maintenance costs and better capability than CAM Use: Check for contamination or ensure decon is complete 34
CAMSIM Identical to CAM Gives User Feedback Helps in learning Training Use only!!! Can simulate contamination on soldiers and material 35
Saw Mini Cad What it is used for Handheld device that detects vaporized nerve agents GA Tabun - GD Soman - Blister agents - HD Mustard - L Lewisite GB Sarin 36
Is it good or bad practice? 37
Basic requirements Small size and law weight (<0-6 kg) Law energy consumption (250 1200 Watts) and a battery with big duration of autonomous operation (< 3 days) Minimal requirements of maintainance Possibility of ruggedization in accidentally deteriorations Facility of handling Safety at the use 38
Specific requirements for detection equipments on site Speed of analysis (1 sec 3 sec) Rapid Identification and Quantification of an unknown chemical substance Selectivity Separability Sensitivity Low limits of detection (in level ppb) Repeatability Accuracy Reliability 39
List of Remarks/1 Rapid Identification and Quantification of an unknown chemical substance (Speed of analysis (1 sec 3 sec) Possibility of simultaneous analysis of substances with high bandwidth of Molecular Weights, Boiling Point, Vapour Tension, Polarity, Solubility etc Possibility of analysis of long range of concentrations (from very law up to very upper) Possibility of onsite data processing and their digital display Dynamic change in the changes of concentration Possibility of self-monitoring, self-correction and selfcalibration If the instrument aren t self-calibrate then calibration must be safe and easy for the user 40
List of Remarks /2 Protection for likely contamination of equipment from the substratum, without however loss of substances to measurement Instrument needs a battery with big duration of autonomous operation (< 3 days) Measurement of human dose. Usage by remote control 41
List of Remarks /3 Detection systems should have the possibility of detecting from big distance in the open field Detection must be not dependent on the point that will be found the instrument concerning the ground The equipment should be incorporated in the PPEtype A (as the mobile in the waist of human body). The measurement should be easy comprehensible from the fire fighter without demand further analysis for the critical parameters such as UEL LEL, IDLH, eg) 42
List of Remarks /4 In the screen of instrument, the chemical substance should be presented with its chemical name instead of its chemical formula The display of the instrument should be in the national language of first responder Alarms should always exist in all instruments. Very utilitarian could be the direct data transfer to the first responder as an audio signal (without reading the display of instrument) via the system of intercommunication. 43
List of Remarks /5 In the area of chemical detection, the next developments should be: 1. standoff detection systems that use laser systems and can provide advance warning from 30 to 50 km distant, and 2. point detectors that will be placed on attended air vehicles, with warning sent back by radio or forward-emplaced point detectors with radio links to a headquarters or a central warning network. 3. Combined nuclear, chemical, and biological detectors, which could serve as joint detection and warning devices, are also should be developed and fielded. 44
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 45
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