What s New in the 2013 Energy Code? Changes to mandatory Title 24 lighting requirements Kelly Cunningham, Outreach Director kcunning@ucdavis.edu California Lighting Technology Center University of California, Davis RESEARCH INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP 633 Pena Drive, Davis, CA, 95618 cltc.ucdavis.edu PH: 530-747-3838, FAX:530-747-3812
Mission To accelerate the development and deployment of energy-efficient lighting and daylighting technologies in partnership with utilities, manufacturers, end users, builders, designers, researchers, academics, and governmental agencies. MISSION-DRIVEN ACTIVITIES: Research & Development Demonstration & Outreach Education & Training
Lighting & Energy Efficiency Luminous Efficacy One time, long duration change Reduction of baseline Light Source Efficacy Luminaire Efficacy Application Efficacy Lighting Controls Continuous, real-time change Fluctuations from base line Occupancy / Vacancy Daylighting Demand Response Tuning Personal Control
Adaptive Lighting Systems automatically adjust their light output Total Luminous Flux Spectral Power Distribution Candle Power Distribution based on sensor input from the space they serve Occupancy / Vacancy Daylight DR Signals to optimize space and building performance. Comfort Energy Savings Peak Demand Reduction
Integrated Control Strategy During occupancy focus on comfort Adjust fenestration for daylight penetration Adjust electric lighting for daylight contribution Offer manual control options Adjust electric lighting for demand response signal Adjust HVAC During vacancy focus on energy efficiency Adjust fenestration for cooling/heating loads Turn electric lighting off or dim down Adjust electric lighting for demand response signal Adjust HVAC
General Requirement Updates
Navigating the 2013 Code Occupancies Mandatory Prescriptive Performance Additions General Provisions 100.0, 100.1, 100.2, 110.0, 110.10 Nonresidential, High-Rise Residential, and Hotels/Motels General 140.0 140.2 140.1 141.0 Indoor Lighting (conditioned) Indoor Lighting (unconditioned) 110.9, 120.8, 130.0, 130.1, 130.4 110.9, 120.8, 130.0, 130.1, 130.4 140.3 (c), 140.6 140.1 141.0 140.3 (c), 140.6 NA 141.0 Outdoor Lighting 110.9, 130.0, 130.2, 130.4 140.7 NA 141.0 Signs Indoor and Outdoor 130.0, 130.3 140.8 NA 141.0 Low-Rise Residential General 150.0 150.1 (a,c) 150.1(a,b) 150.2 Indoor Lighting 110.9, 130.0, 150.0 (k) 150.1 (a,c) 150.1(a,b) 150.2 Outdoor Lighting 110.9, 130.0, 150.0 (k) 150.1 (a,c) 150.1(a,b) 150.2
The Core Process 1. Plan for all mandatory requirements 2. Choose either prescriptive or performance approach 3. Calculate allowed lighting power for chosen method 4. Calculate proposed installed lighting power including applicable controls credits If proposed installed lighting power is LESS than the allowed lighting power, the space is Title 24 compliant!
Navigating the 2013 Code Mandatory Measures (Sections 120.0 through 130.5) Measures required regardless of compliance method selected. These requirements are enforced for all newly constructed nonresidential buildings, high-rise residential buildings, hotels/motels that are mechanically heated or mechanically cooled, and all building additions or alterations. Performance Approach (Section 140.1) Allows compliance through a variety of design strategies and provides greater flexibility than the prescriptive approach. These requirements are applicable when the building designer uses an energy commission-certified compliance software program to demonstrate that the proposed building energy consumption, including lighting power, meets the energy budget. Prescriptive Approach (Sections 140.2 through 140.8) Each individual energy component of the proposed building must be a prescribed minimum efficiency. This approach offers less design flexibility, but is simpler to implement. There are three possible approaches to allowed lighting power under the prescriptive approach: the Complete Building Method, the Area Category Method, and the Tailored Method.
Selected changes from 2008 2013 PRIMARY FUNCTION AREA ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER (W/ft 2 ) 2013 2008 Office Area: >250 square feet 0.75 0.9 Parking Garage Area: <250 square feet 1 1.1 Parking Area 0.14 0.2 Dedicated Ramps 0.3 0.6 Retail Merchandise Sales, Wholesale Showroom Areas 1.2 1.6
Power Adjustment Factors The wattage of installed lighting may be reduced by the product of the number of watts controlled times the applicable Power Adjustment Factor when calculating the installed lighting power for that space. Example: A 500 sf open office uses 500W of lighting. If occupant sensing controls are used (PAF = 0.2), that office is then considered to have: 500W (500W*0.2) = 400W of installed lighting power
PAFs for 2013 code: Table 140.6-A
Alterations More alterations will be required to meet new-construction standards for both lighting power density (LPD) and mandatory controls. Exceptions do exist for buildings with fewer than 40 ballasts being replaced and spaces where less than 10% of the lighting is affected. Consistent with proposed changes to ASHRAE 90.1-2010
Luminaire alterations
Modifications-in-place New category added: Luminaire modifications-in place Replace lamps & ballasts (preserve luminaire listing) Changing the number of light sources IN the luminaire Optical system changes Replace whole luminaire, one-for-one Page 201 in code If the modification is part of a larger remodel or the luminaire moves, this is not a valid category
Luminaire modifications-in place
Luminaire modifications-in place are NOT These Without these Image: ChinaLEDLight.biz Images: Lutron
What should they look like? Source + Luminaire + Controls Image: Cree Image: Cree Image: Enlighted 20
Certification and Permit Process
Building Commissioning Must be included in the design and construction process for all nonresidential buildings Design Phase: Design Review Document commissioning measures in construction documents For buildings larger than 10,000 sf, additional measures are required Summary of Commissioning Requirements Owner s Project Requirements document Basis of Design document Commissioning Plan Functional Acceptance Test Reports System Document and Training documents System Operations Training Commissioning Report
Expanded Acceptance Test Requirements Lighting controls acceptance test technicians must be Certified Lighting Controls Acceptance Test Technicians (CLCATT) Acceptance tests expanded Automatic Daylighting Controls Indoor Shut-off controls Demand Response Controls Outdoor Shut-off Controls
Expanded Acceptance Test Requirements Industry Coverage by Certification Provider(s). The Certification Provider(s) approved by the Energy Commission, in their entirety, shall provide reasonable access to certification for technicians representing the majority of the following industry groups: electrical contractors, certified general electricians, professional engineers, controls installation and start-up contractors and certified commissioning professionals who have verifiable training, experience and expertise in lighting controls and electrical systems. The Energy Commission will determine whether in their entirety reasonable access to certification is provided by considering factors such as certification costs commensurate with the complexity of the training being provided, certification marketing materials, prequalification criteria, class availability, and curriculum.
Acceptance Test Technicians For all lighting controls requiring acceptance testing, alterations and new constructions: Certifies plans, specifications, installation certificates, and operating and maintenance information meet the requirements of Part 6. Automatic daylight controls comply with Section 130.1(d) and NA7.6.1. Lighting shut-off controls comply with Section 130.1(c) and NA7.6.2. Demand responsive controls comply with Section 130.1(e) and NA7.6.3. Outdoor lighting controls comply with the applicable requirements of Section 130.2(c) and NA7.8. Image: Lutron
Electrical Power Distribution Systems New chapter! Service metering Disaggregation of circuits Voltage drop Receptacle control DR EMCS Requirements start at > 50 kva See Table 130.5-B
Demand Response Buildings > 10,000 ft 2 Alterations that increase the connected load within a space in a building that > 10,000 ft 2 Reduce lighting power at least 15% Spaces that are non-habitable or with a lighting power density of < 0.5 W/ft 2 shall not be used to comply with the DR requirement In the code: 130.1 (e)
Mandatory Device Requirements Lighting devices regulated by California Appliance Efficiency Standards, Title 20 and Certified to the Energy Commission: Fluorescent lamp ballasts Lighting control devices and lighting control systems RES SPECIFIC Track lighting: integral current limiters and supplementary overcurrent protection panel High efficacy LED light sources Ballasts for residential recessed luminaires
Indoor Lighting Controls Requirements
Mandatory Device Requirements Majority of lighting control devices are now regulated by the California Appliance Efficiency Standards, Title 20: Time switch controls Daylighting controls Dimmers Occupant sensing devices Part-night outdoor lighting controls
Area controls All luminaires must have manual switching Each area of a building must be separately controlled An area is defined by floor-to-ceiling partitions Up to 0.2 watts of egress lighting may remain on during occupied times. Down from 0.3 watts in 2008
Area controls Controls must be readily accessible and located in the same area as or viewable from the controlled lighting If controlling dimmable luminaires, dimmer switch must allow manual on and off in addition to dimming A few exceptions: large retail, industrial and entertainment venues as well as public bathrooms with 2+ stalls
Separately controlled lighting systems General lighting must be separately controlled Floor and wall display, window display, case display, ornamental, and special effects lighting must be separately controlled Track lighting: general, display, ornamental, and special effects lighting must be separately controlled Image credit: Acuity
Multi-level lighting control requirements Changes from 2008: Areas with LPD greater than 0.5 W/sf now, was 0.8 W/sf Requirements based on source type, was only one control step between 30% and 70% of full output Additional control strategy required, previously no additional requirements There are some exceptions
Multi-level lighting controls: 2013 details Areas 100 ft 2 with connected lighting load > 0.5 W/ft 2 must meet control and uniformity requirements of Table 130.1-A Must also use one of the following control strategies: Manual dimming Lumen maintenance Tuning Automatic daylighting Demand response
Lumen Maintenance a strategy used to provide a precise, constant level of lighting from a lighting system regardless of the age of the lamps or the maintenance of the luminaires. Compares the amount of light currently produced to the amount of light produced when the luminaire was brand new Often specified as L70 the number of hours it takes for the lumen output to shrink to 70% of initial output 36
Tuning the ability to set maximum light levels at a lower level than full lighting power. Project spotlight: Davis downtown café sets maximum light levels for all luminaires at 70% of full power to curb over-lighting Download the project overview: http://cltc.ucdavis.edu/publication/brighterbrew-mishkas-cafe-makes-switch-leds 37
Table 130.1-A
What does multi-level lighting look like? Sensor + Luminaire Image: Wattstopper Image: Cree
What does multi-level lighting look like? Sensor integrated with luminaire Image: Finelite
What does multi-level lighting look like? Networked system Image: Enlighted
What does multi-level lighting NOT look like?
Multi-level exceptions Classrooms with connected load of 0.7 W / ft 2 must have at least one control step between 30 70% of full power. Areas with only one luminaire and no more than two lamps are exempt
Shut-off Controls Indoor lighting must have controls that: Automatically turn off lighting when unoccupied Controls each floor of a building separately Controls each space of a building separately Shut-off controls exceptions Where the lighting is in use 24/7, 365 days a year Lighting for emergency egress Electrical equipment rooms
Occupant sensing controls required to shut off all lighting when area is vacant Offices 250 ft 2 or smaller Multipurpose rooms 1000 ft 2 or smaller Classrooms Conference rooms
Egress Reduced exception for egress lighting 2008: 0.3 W/sf anywhere 2013: Maximum security and egress lighting allowance of 0.2 W/sf when a building is occupied General and egress lighting must be shut off during unoccupied times Exception: Offices are allowed up to 0.05 W / ft2 for lighting during unoccupied periods, but only along emergency egress areas designated on the building plans
Time-switch controls Countdown timer switches may only be used in: Single-stall bathrooms < 70 ft 2 Closets < 70 ft 2 Aisles in server rooms, max 30 min time out Automatic time-switch controls: Lighting to remain on for no more than two hours Must have an automatic holiday shut-off Does not apply to retail spaces, restaurants, grocery stores, churches, and theatres
Time-switch controls If an automatic time-switch control, other than an occ sensor, is used to comply with this section it should have an override that : Allows lighting to remain on for no more than two hours Does not apply to retail spaces, restaurants, grocery stores, churches, and theatres Has an automatic holiday shut-off Exception: retail stores, places of worship, theaters (i.e. places where people go on holidays)
Guest rooms in hotels / motels Key card activated hotel and motel guest rooms: Lighting OFF after 30 minutes Hotel/motel rooms: allows for one high efficacy luminaire with a switch within 6 ft of door
Partial ON/OFF: Changes from 2008 Specific requirements for partial ON/OFF occupancy sensors; none required in 2008 Parking garages Other indoor parking areas Indoor loading and unloading zones Library book stacks* Stairwells and corridors* Warehouse aisle ways and open areas* * in addition to automatic time switch controls
Adaptive corridor with multi-level controls 100% Power 25 fcd 40% Power 13 fcd 20% Power 4.0 fcd
Case Study: Latham Square, Oakland, CA Commercial office building in downtown Oakland 14 stories and 130,000 ft 2 Case study install on 12 floors Corridor occupancy rate: 8% 175 luminaires replaced in corridors 86% reduction in energy use 113,724 kwh annually $23,803 in energy and maintenance costs over the life of the fixtures
Reduce to at least 50% on vacancy Areas where partial ON/OFF occupant sensing controls are required in addition to partial OFF: Stairwells Corridors Aisle ways and open areas in warehouses Library book stack aisles, 10 feet or longer
Reduce on vacancy, rather than off Areas where partial ON/OFF occupant sensing controls are required instead of partial OFF: 50% reduction: Stairwells and common area corridors in highrise residential buildings and hotel/motels Image credit: Philips One step between 20-50%: Indoor parking and loading/unloading areas Control 500W per zone
Exceptions: Reduce on vacancy, rather than off Areas where partial ON/OFF occupant sensing controls are required instead of partial OFF: Stairwells: Where lighting power 80% the allowed power, 40% reduction is OK Parking/loading: metal halide with a lamp + ballast mean efficacy of > 75 lm/w, one control step from 20-60% OK
UC Davis: Bi-level Stairwells UC Davis installed 999 LED units Assumed 20% occupancy rate 22W high / 5W low PIR sensor times out after 5 min Energy use reduction: 85% 7,008 hours in standby mode 1,752 hours in active mode
UC Davis: Adaptive Stairwells Incumbent technology:
Campus Stairwell Demonstrations Average Energy Savings: 50% LaMar Voyager Bi-Level (VOB) Fixture
Reduce to at least 40% power on vacancy Aisle ways and open areas in warehouses where installed lighting power 80% the value allowed under the Area Category Method Accommodates MH or HPS lighting in warehouses Image credit: Philips Image credit: Philips
Daylighting Controls: Changes from 2008 Manual controls requirement removed; automatic controls now required in all spaces Area size exemptions removed Calculation method for daylit zones = simplified! Parking garages are now included; previously exempt
Minimum daylighting for large spaces Large enclosed spaces, such as large retail warehouses, are required to have a minimum amount of daylight available. The minimum requirements apply to both conditioned and unconditioned spaces that are: 1. In Climate Zones 2 15 2. Have a floor area greater than 5,000 sq ft 3. Have a ceiling height greater than 15 ft 4. Have a general LPD greater than 0.5 W/sq ft Section 140.3 (c) Buildings that meet the above criteria must have: At least 75% of the floor space of the building in a primary sidelit zone or skylit zone No more than 5% of the roof area may contain skylights
Daylight Zones Regions within a building that are close enough to a source of daylight that daylight harvesting is possible are considered within a daylight zone. Skylit Zone: An area illuminated by one or more skylights Primary Sidelit Zone: A daylit area directly adjacent to one or more windows Secondary Sidelit Zone: An area not directly adjacent to a window that still receives some daylight through its proximity to the window All daylight zones must be marked on the building floor plans. Section 130.1 (d)1
Skylit Zone When determining the skylit zone, the shape of the zone is the same as the geometric shape of the opening of the skylight. For example, a rectangular skylight creates a rectangular daylight zone, and a circular skylight creates a circular zone. Calculation Steps: 1. Multiply the average ceiling height of the building by 0.7 2. Add this value in all directions around the skylight (starting at the edge of the rough opening) 3. Subtract any area in which a permanent obstruction would block daylight (taller than half the distance from the floor to the bottom of the skylight) Section 130.1 (d)1
Calculating the Skylit Zone Section 130.1 (d)1
Primary Sidelit Zone The primary sidelit zone is directly adjacent to windows and projects inside the space a certain distance. Calculation Steps 1. Determine the window head height for each window 2. The length of the zone is one window head height into the area adjacent to the window 3. The width of the zone is the width of the window plus half the window head height one each side of the window 4. Subtract any area on a plan that is blocked by a permanent obstruction that is six feet or taller. Window Head Height = Vertical distance from the finish floor level to the top of a window. Section 130.1 (d)1
Secondary Sidelit Zone Secondary sidelit zones are extensions of primary sidelit zones. They represent areas where daylight is present but may provide less illumination because of their distance from windows. Calculation Steps 1. Add one additional window head height to the same dimensions determined for the primary sidelit zone 2. Subtract any area that is blocked by a permanent obstruction that is six feet or taller Section 130.1 (d)1
Calculating the Sidelit Zones Section 130.1 (d)1
Daylighting Controls Luminaires in primary sidelit and skylit areas must have photocontrols Luminaires that fall in both sidelit and skylit zones are controlled by skylit zone Show primary sidelit and skylit zones on the plans When using the prescriptive method, the automatic daylighting controls requirements for primary sidelit zones also apply to general lighting luminaires that are at least 50% in a secondary sidelit zone.
Daylighting Controls Daylit zones should be controlled with the multi-level steps in Table 130.1-A unless LPD < 0.3 W/sf Light levels provided at night should be available at all other times When sufficient daylight is available, lighting power must be reduced by at least 65%
Wow. That s a lot. EVERYWHERE? Exceptions: Multi-level controls are not required when Controlled lighting LPD < 0.3 W/ft 2 Skylights are replaced or added but general lighting is not altered Rooms with < 120 W in the daylit zones Rooms with a total glazing of < 24 ft 2
Daylighting for Parking Garages Show primary and secondary zones on plans Automatic controls required in both primary and secondary zones, control each zone separately When ample daylight is available in primary zone, lighting power consumption = ZERO There are partial on/off requirements for occupancy as well (at least one step, 20 50%)
Controls for Parking Garages General lighting must have at least one control step from 20 50% of design lighting power No more than 500 W of rated lighting power controlled together Parking garage areas with 36 ft 2 of glazing or opening must have automatic daylighting controls. Images Courtesy of Lithonia Lighting
Sign Lighting Controls Indoor: Automatic time-switch OR astronomical time-switch control Outdoor: Photocontrol + automatic time-switch OR astronomical time-switch control Outdoor signage that is on day and night must be capable of dimming by 65%. Electronic Message Center (EMC) EMCs with a > 15 kw load shall be DR enabled to reduced 30%
Outdoor Lighting Control Requirements
Additions and Alterations No req. Mandatory Controls 130.0, 130.2, 130.4 Mandatory Controls 130.0, 130.2, 130.4 + Performance/Prescriptive Requirements Lighting power density allowances of 140.7 Any alteration that increases the connected lighting load must meet all mandatory, prescriptive, or performance measures that are required. Section 141.0 (b)2j
Outdoor lighting Title 24 2008 required photocontrol devices for all outdoor lighting. In addition to photocontrols, the 2013 standards require automatic scheduling controls Astronomical time-switch controls allowed as an alternative to photocontrol devices. Outdoor lighting must be circuited and independently controlled from other electric loads.
Lighting mounted 24 ft above the ground Motion controls required: Automatic lighting controls with auto-on when the areas are occupied Automatic step dimming or continuous dimming when areas are vacant No more than 1,500 W of lighting with a mounting height of 24 ft and under may be controlled together Images Courtesy of Lithonia Lighting Full Dimmed
Outdoor lighting 24 ft A few exceptions apply: Pole-mounted luminaires with a maximum rated wattage of 75 W Non-pole-mounted luminaires with a maximum rated wattage of 30 W Linear lighting with a maximum rated wattage of 4 W per linear ft. of luminaire
Frontage areas, lots, sales canopies A part-night outdoor lighting control, or Auto-on motion sensor that automatically reduces lighting power by at least 40% when spaces are vacant Images Courtesy of Lithonia Lighting
Frontage areas, lots, sales canopies A part-night outdoor lighting control must have all of the following: sunrise and sunset prediction accuracy within +/- 15 minutes and timekeeping accuracy within five minutes per year ability to setback or turn off lighting at night as required in Section 130.2(c), by means of a programmable timeclock or motion sensing device when controlled with a timeclock, capable of being programmed to allow the setback or turning off of the lighting to occur as determined by the user
Facades, outdoor dining, ornamental A part-night outdoor lighting control, or Auto-ON motion sensors that reduce lighting power by at least 40% but no more than 80%, or A centralized time-based zone lighting control capable of automatically reducing lighting power by at least 50% Image Courtesy of Lithonia Lighting
Outdoor lighting All outdoor incandescent luminaires rated over 100 W and installed for non-residential use must be controlled by a motion sensor in addition to photocontrols and scheduling controls. Left and Right Images Courtesy of Lithonia Lighting
(Backlight), Uplight and Glare Control 2013 code requires all outdoor luminaires 150 W to comply with the IES BUG system for assessing and limiting backlight, uplight and glare. There are no Backlight requirements in Section 130.2 of Part 6 Change from the older cutoff system in 2008 standards, which applied to luminaires 175 W
Backlight, Uplight, and Glare (BUG) ratings The BUG system is used to evaluate luminaire performance in relation to lighting trespass, sky glow, and high angle brightness. This is necessary in order to reduce light pollution, which has a negative effect on wildlife and the surrounding environments. Backlight: includes all illumination that is in the space between the ground and 80 degrees above ground. Backlighting causes light trespass, which occurs when light is cast in unwanted areas due to poor control. Uplight: is defined as all light spanning across the sky. This causes artificial sky glow, the illumination of the night sky due to excess lighting. Glare: is any overlapping light between the uplight and the backlight which can be visually disabling and offensive.
Uplight Control Where can I find OLZ definitions? Section 10-114 Determination of outdoor lighting zones and administrative rules for use Table 10-114-A Lighting zone characteristics and rules for amendments by local jurisdictions Page 32-33
Glare Control
Residential Requirements
2008 Title 24 Standards by Area LIGHTING Kitchen DESIGN GUIDE > 50% of installed wattage must be high efficacy Bathroom, garage, laundry room, utility room, closets High efficacy or Manual-on vacancy sensor All other interior rooms High efficacy or Manual-on vacancy sensor or Dimmer Outdoor Lighting High efficacy or Low efficacy controlled by a manual on/off switch and both: Motion sensor without bypass switch and One of the following: integral photocontrol, astronomical time clock, energy management control system Common Areas High efficacy or vacancy sensor Residential Parking Lots for < 7 cars must comply with Outdoor Lighting requirements Garages for < 7 cars must comply with Garage requirements Lots and garages for more than 7 vehicles must comply with Nonresidential Lighting Standards
2013 Title 24 Standards by Area LIGHTING Kitchen > 50% of installed wattage must be high efficacy DESIGN GUIDE Bathroom Garage, laundry room, utility room, closets All other interior rooms Outdoor Lighting Common Areas Residential Parking One high efficacy fixture and Manual-on vacancy sensor or high efficacy for all other fixtures High efficacy and Manual-on vacancy sensor High efficacy or Manual-on vacancy sensor or Dimmer High efficacy or Low efficacy controlled by a manual on/off switch and both: Motion sensor without bypass switch and One of the following: integral photocontrol, astronomical time clock, energy management control system High efficacy or vacancy sensor in areas where common space 20% of floor area In common areas that > 20% of floor area, occupancy responsive adaptive corridor and stairwell lighting is required Lots for < 7 cars must comply with Outdoor Lighting requirements Garages for < 7 cars must comply with Garage requirements Lots and garages for 8 vehicles or more must comply with Nonresidential Lighting Standards
High efficacy, by the code
High efficacy, by the code What is never high efficacy? 2013 High Efficacy: LED Any luminaire that does not qualify by Energy Commission definition or is not certified to the Commission Any luminaire containing medium screw-base socket (E24/E26) Any luminaire containing any linevoltage lamp socket (except GU-24 under certain conditions) Track lighting where track heads or lamps can be changed to a source other than LED Lamp Power 5W or less 5W 15W 15W 40W Over 40W Min. System Efficacy 30 lm/w 45 lm/w 60 lm/w 90 lm/w
Appendix JA8 Joint Appendix JA8 of the 2013 code sets new quality standards for LED luminaires designed for residential use. To qualify as high efficacy, CRI 90, and a CCT of 2700K 4000K
Two strategies, three main technologies Controls Sources High-efficacy luminaires are designed and built to operate only energy-efficient light sources, such as fluorescent T8 lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), LEDs and high intensity discharge (HID) lamps. Occupancy/vacancy sensors and daylight sensors are all devices that automatically turn lights off (or dim them) in response to conditions that they sense or see. Dimmers, which are already common in many residential applications, allow room occupants to lower lighting levels (and thus energy use) as desired.
2013 High Efficacy, According to the Standards In the 2013 code: Table 150.0-A and Section 150(k) 1
2013 High Efficacy, According to the Standards What is never high efficacy? 2013 high efficacy: other sources Any luminaire that does not qualify by Energy Commission definition or is not certified to the Commission Any luminaire containing medium screw-base socket (E24/E26) Any luminaire containing any linevoltage lamp socket (except GU-24 under certain conditions) Track lighting where track heads or lamps can be changed to a source other than LED Lamp Power 5W or less 5W 15W 15W 40W Over 40W Min. System Efficacy 30 lm/w 45 lm/w 60 lm/w 90 lm/w Efficacy = initial lumens luminaire total rated system input power In the 2013 code: Table 150.0-A and 150.0-B and Section 150(k) 1
Energy Commission Appliances Database http://www.appliances.energy.ca.gov/advancedsearch.aspx
IES Illuminance Recommendations Category Space Illuminance A Public spaces 3 footcandles (30 lux) B Simple orientation for short visits 5 footcandles (50 lux) C D E F G Working spaces where simple visual tasks are performed Performance of visual tasks of high contrast and large size Performance of visual tasks of high contrast and small size, or visual tasks of low contrast and large size Performance of visual tasks of low contrast and small size Performance of visual tasks near threshold 10 footcandles (100 lux) 30 footcandles (300 lux) 50 footcandles (500 lux) 100 footcandles (1,000 lux) 300 to 1,000 footcandles (3,000 to 10,000 lux)
Examples of Illuminance Levelsv Category Building Types A (3fc) Movie theater, observatory B (5fc) C (10fc) D (30fc) E (50fc) F (100fc) Public auditorium, night club, arcade Art gallery, restaurant, parking garage, public restroom Coliseum/arena, school gymnasium, chapel, grocery store, commercial building School, medical laboratory, computer processing office, vehicle repair center Hospital facilities, veterinary clinic G (800fc) Operating table
High-Efficacy Luminaires Typically Compliant High-efficacy fixtures with electronic ballasts Pin-based CFL fixtures with electronic ballasts (4 pin) Fixtures with high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps Not Usually Compliant Any fixture with incandescent lamps Any fixture with a screw base, regardless of what source it is (even CFL or LED!) Light Emitting Diodes Newer technology with a great deal of confusion Efficacies are improving Quality is not consistent Look for product that clearly meets lumen/watt requirements Follow the Design Lights Consortium Qualified Products List for non-res product evolution Follow utility rebate program guidelines for res products Note: Ballast wattage is not included when determining lamp efficacy.
Replacement Lamp Technologies in Use A BR PAR CFL LED A * Wattage 40-100 W 30-150 W 50-150 W 5-40 W 2.3-23 W Efficacy 10-17 lm/w 7-12 lm/w 6-15 lm/w 50-70 lm/w 33-97 lm/w Price ** < $1 $4-7 $6-8 $1-8 $10-50 Application General Lighting Downlights, Spotlights Downlights, Spotlights General Lighting General Lighting * August 17, 21013 Product review of 286 A-lamps listed in the Lighting Facts database ** Approximate price ranges
Choosing the Right Luminaire Specify the appropriate light output You should be able to lumen match the low-efficacy fixtures by specifying systems that use less Warmer lamp colors (CCT 2700 3000K) are the closest match to incandescent. 2013 Update In the 2013 code, in order to qualify as high efficacy, LED luminaires must be > 90 CRI and 2700 4000K (indoor) or 2700 5000K (outdoor) Specify the right lumens/watt ratio Depending on what lamp wattage is chosen (with the same number of fixtures) you could have a much brighter space or a much darker space in comparison to an existing incandescent space. For example: 8 (65 watt) BR lamps x 750 lumens = 7100 lumens 5 (26 watt) CFL lamps x 1300 lumens = 6500 lumens 10 (13 watt) CFL lamps x 600 lumens = 6000 lumens
In the 2008 and 2013 Code: Recessed Fixtures Applications between conditioned and unconditioned spaces Approved for IC and label certifying AT according to ASTM E283 Gasket or caulking between housing and ceiling all air leak paths through luminaire assembly or ceiling opening must be sealed Electronic ballasts Certified to the Energy Commission Mandated in all high-efficacy luminaires of 13W or higher Output frequency of no less than 20 khz IC applications: Ballasts that are rated for higher operating ranges Fixture configurations that limit heat to the ballast In the 2008 code: 150 (k)12 and 150 (k)4 In the 2013 code: 150(k)8 and 150(k)1 D
Recessed Luminaires in Insulated Ceilings Have a minimum rated life of 30,000 hours when operated at or below a specified maximum case temperature Must not exceed maximum ballast case temperature Have a ballast factor of not less than 0.90 for non-dimming ballasts Have a ballast factor of not less than 0.85 for dimming ballasts Allow ballast maintenance and replacement from below the ceiling without cutting holes in ceiling Same in 2008 and 2013 In the 2008 code: 119 (n) and 150 (k)12 In the 2013 code: 110.9 (f) and 150 (k)8
What is a GU-24 replacement lamp? 1.Lead Wire 2.Fixing Hole I 3.Fixing Holes II 4.Base 5.Prongs 6.Replacement Ballast 7.Replacement Lamp 8.Lamp Base 9.Lamp Holder 10.Thread
High Efficacy GU-24 Qualifications Factory-installed GU-24 lamp holder No other types of line voltage sockets in the luminaire Manufacturer does not provide adaptors to convert other line voltage lamp holder Luminaire rated only for high efficacy systems NO GU-24 low efficacy lamps NO GU-24 low efficacy luminaires NO GU-24 modular adaptors or luminaire conversions Quick-connects to GU-24 are allowed In 2008 code: no recessed downlights with GU-24 sockets that could receive a compact fluorescent lamp In the 2008 code: 150 (k)2 In the 2013 code: Table 150 A
No Permanent Adaptors If a luminaire has a screw-base socket, or an adaptor with a screw-base socket, it is NOT high efficacy, regardless of manufacturer claims.
Fixture Labels for Compliance and Quality U.S. government-backed label earned by products that prevent air pollution by meeting strict energy efficiency guidelines set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy. The ENERGY STAR definition of high efficacy has been updated to match Title 24 and guarantees a minimum standard of quality. There is no way to tell old ENERGY STAR fixtures from new ones. Sample qualifications for ENERGY STAR rated products For lamps shipped with the fixtures, the average rated life of the lamp must be > 10,000 hours. All qualified light fixtures carry a two-year warranty The CRI of lamps shipped with fixtures is more than 80 for CFL lamps and more than 75 for linear fluorescent lamps. Airtight Label: ASTM E283 The ASTM E283 label certifies a fixture as being airtight in accordance with ASTM E283 testing and Title 24.
Indoor Vacancy Sensor Specifications Must be manual-on/automatic-off (can also be turned off manually) Time delay cannot be greater than 30 minutes Cannot be locked in a permanent on state (no on override) No more than 1 W consumed by the indicator light Specify with no minimum load amount Optional features to consider Energy-efficient LED night-light Impact-resistant lens and switch In the 2008 code: 119 (j) In the 2013 code: 110.9 (b) In Title 20: 1605.3 (g) 8
2008 Dimmer Requirements Reduce power consumption by a minimum of 65% at the lowest level If the dimmer controls incandescent or fluorescent lamps, provide electrical outputs to lamps for reduced flicker Be UL listed by a rating lab recognized by the International Code Council (ICC) For wall box dimmers designed to be used in a 3 or more-way circuit with non-dimmable switches, the level set by the dimmer shall not be overridden by any of the switches in the circuit. In the 2008 code: see 119 (k) in regards to power reduction In the 2013 code: 150 (k)
2008 Dimmer Requirements The dimmer and all of the switches in the circuit shall have the capability of turning lighting OFF if it is ON, and turning lighting ON to the level set by the dimmer if the lighting is OFF. Stepped dimmers will include an off position to turn lights completely off. In the 2008 code: see 119 (k) in regards to power reduction In the 2013 code: 150 (k)
2013 Dimmer Requirements Comply with Title 20 Very subtle differences in language The dimmer shall: Reduce power consumption by a minimum of 65% percent at its lowest level; Include an off position which produces a zero lumen output; and not consume more than 1 W per lighting dimmer switch leg when in the off position. Same: Reduce flicker through dimming range For 3-way, do not override level set by dimmer and all switches should turn light off In the 2008 code: see 119 (k) in regards to power reduction In the 2013 code: 150 (k) In Title 20: 1605.3 (f)
Dimmer Specifications Specify the correct load amount Line voltage Low voltage 3-way dimmers (ex. hallway applications) Pair LED luminaires and lamps carefully with dimmers, check manufacturer websites and spec sheets for compatibility In the 2008 code: see 119 (k) in regards to power reduction In the 2013 code: 150 (k)
Permanently Installed Night Lights Shall contain only high-efficacy lamps with no line voltage lamp holder Shall consume no more than 5 watts No screw-base lamp holders Indicator lights that are integral to lighting controls shall consume no more than 1 watt Also applies to night-lights integral to permanently installed luminaires or exhaust fans In the 2008 code: 150 (k) 5 In the 2013 code: 150 (k) E
2008 and 2013 Kitchen: Mandatory Requirements Wattage No limit to number of watts, but must be at least 50% high efficacy Quantity of fixtures is not regulated by code If a fixture can accept multiple lamp wattages, its wattage for the sake of code compliance is the highest re-lamping rated wattage designated by the manufacturer on a permanent, factory-installed Underwriters Laboratory label Lighting Controls High-efficacy and low-efficacy light fixtures must be controlled separately Nook lighting must be on a separate switch in order to be counted as an other space and not part of the kitchen Recommended to separately switch different layers of the kitchen lighting In the 2008 code: 150(k) 8 In the 2013 code: 150(k) 3
2008 Kitchen: Additional Low-Efficacy Wattage Additional low-efficacy wattage bonuses Up to 50 watts per dwelling in units < 2,500 sq. ft. Up to 100 watts per dwelling in units > 2,500 sq. ft. The bonuses are available if the following conditions are met: In kitchens, all low-efficacy luminaires must be controlled by a vacancy sensor, dimmer, EMCS, or multi-scene programmable control, and in garages, laundry rooms, closets over 70 square feet, and utility rooms, all luminaires must be high efficacy and employ vacancy sensors. In the 2008 code: 150(k) 8
2013 Kitchen: Additional Low-Efficacy Wattage Additional low-efficacy wattage bonuses Up to 50 watts per dwelling in units < 2,500 sq. ft. Up to 100 watts per dwelling in units > 2,500 sq. ft. The bonuses are available if the following conditions are met: All lighting in the kitchen is controlled in accordance with the applicable provisions in Section 150.0(k)2, and is also controlled by vacancy sensors or dimmers. In 2013 the code: 150(k) 2
Special Circumstances Appliances Lighting that is part of an appliance is not regulated by the code Blank Electrical Boxes Calculated and treated as 180 watts of lowefficacy lighting Internal Cabinet Lighting Not considered part of the kitchen lighting for calculating 50% No more than 20W per linear foot of illuminated cabinet Lighting installed inside a cabinet may only be used to illuminate the inside of the cabinet In the 2008 code: 119 (j) In the 2013 code: 110.9 (b) In Title 20: 1605.3 (g) 8
Cabinets: Measurement Methods for 2013 The length of an illuminated cabinet shall be determined using one of the following measurements, regardless of the number of shelves or the number of doors per cabinet section: A. One horizontal length of illuminated cabinet; or B. One vertical length, per illuminated cabinet section; or C. No more than one vertical length per every 40 horizontal inches of illuminated cabinet. In 2013 the code: 150(k) 4
Cabinets: Measurement Methods for 2013 The length of an illuminated cabinet shall be determined using one of the following measurements, regardless of the number of shelves or the number of doors per cabinet section: C. No more than one vertical length per every 40 horizontal inches of illuminated cabinet. In 2013 the code: 150(k) 4
Kitchen: Sample Floor Plan and Calculation 298 Square Feet
2008 Bathrooms, Garages, Laundry Rooms, Closets, and Utility Rooms: Requirements Lighting High efficacy or controlled with a vacancy sensor Controls The first switch does not need to be a fluorescent light fixture. High-efficacy and low-efficacy light fixtures must be controlled separately. Quantity The quantity of light fixtures is not regulated by the code. Vacancy Sensor Vacancy sensors must be manual on/off and automatic off Sensors cannot have an override allowing the light fixture to be continuously on The maximum time delay to turn off is 30 minutes after the last detected motion Closets < 70 sq ft are exempt from controls requirement In the code: see 150(k) 10
2013 Bathrooms Lighting At least one luminaire has to be high efficacy Controls All other lighting installed in each bathroom shall be high efficacy or controlled by vacancy sensors. Quantity The quantity of luminaires is not regulated by the code. (for all of the residence) In the 2013 code: see 150(k) 5
2013 Bathrooms, Garages, Laundry Rooms, Closets, and Utility Rooms: Requirements Lighting & Controls All lighting must be high efficacy, and shall be controlled by either dimmers or vacancy sensors. Exceptions Closets less than 70 sq ft Detached storage buildings less than 1,000 square feet located on a residential site In the 2013 code: see 150(k) 6
Kitchen: Sample Floor Plan and Calculation 228 Square Feet
2008 and 2013 Bedrooms High efficacy, vacancy sensor, or dimmer High-efficacy and low-efficacy light fixtures must be controlled separately Vacancy sensors must be manual on/off and automatic off Switched outlets (half-hots) do not require special controls Ceiling fans with incandescent light kits need one switch for the fan and one dimmer/vacancy sensor for the lights. High-efficacy: only one switch is needed, two are shown for flexibility In the 2008 code: see 150(k) 7 and 11 In the 2013 code: see 150(k) 7
2008 and 2013 Living and Dining Rooms High efficacy, vacancy sensor, or dimmer Switched outlets (half-hots) do not require special controls Decorative option: use incandescent fixtures and dimmer(s) Ceiling fans with low-efficacy light kits need one switch for the fan and one dimmer/vacancy sensor for the lights (with high-efficacy kits, only one switch is needed)
2008 and 2103 Attics and Enclosed Patios Attic If an vacancy sensor cannot see the entire attic, the occupant could be left in the dark High efficacy, dimmer or vacancy sensor Sensors must be manual on/off and automatic off Enclosed Patio An enclosed (unconditioned) patio is considered an other space High-efficacy and low-efficacy light fixtures MUST be controlled separately High efficacy, or include a dimmer or vacancy sensor
2008 and 2013 Hallways High efficacy, vacancy sensor or dimmer Vacancy sensors must view the entire space (this application may require three-way switching as shown)
2008 and 2013 Outdoor Lighting: Requirements Do not apply to landscape lighting that is not attached to the building, residential parking lots, or garages for eight or more vehicles Must be high-efficacy, or controlled by a manual on/off switch, motion sensor, and a method automatically turn off lights during daytime Low-efficacy outdoor luminaires may have a temporary override switch which bypasses the motion sensing function for up to six hours provided that the override switch automatically reactivates the motion sensor Outdoor luminaires in or around swimming pools or water features are exempt from Title 24 A manual off/on switch (no override to on) Must have automatic on/off operation and photocells to keep lights off during daylight hours Must comply with the maximum 30-minute shut-off requirement Must view the space that it illuminates Override Switch Low-efficacy outdoor luminaires may have a temporary override switch which bypasses the motion sensing function for up to six hours, provided that the override switch automatically reactivates the motion sensor.
Front Porch Lighting Plan LEDs are ideal for cold outdoor environment, as CFLs often are not compatible with cold temperatures. LEDs lifespan is significantly longer than other lamp sources, requiring less maintenance. Although not required by the standards when using a high-efficacy fixture, including a motion sensor will provide light to occupants upon entering the space when no immediate access to a switch is available. For outdoor areas close to bedroom windows, high-efficacy luminaires are preferred over low-efficacy luminaires with motion sensors that may be triggered in the middle of the night.
Front Porch Lighting Plan Provide adequate lighting to support the function of the space and specific tasks performed within it. Although not required by the standards when using a high-efficacy fixture, including a motion sensor (as shown) will provide light to occupants where there is not immediate access to a switch in a transitional space. Motion sensor coverage should not be too large, or lights will be triggered by street traffic or a neighbor s motion. Most sensors have a sensitivity control to adjust the degree of motion and light that triggers them. In addition to the motion sensor and one of the three other lighting control options, the owner also must be provided with a manual on/off switch for low-efficacy luminaires.
2008 Internally Illuminated Address Signs Cannot exceed 12 watts per sq. ft. internal illumination Cannot exceed 2.3 watts per sq. ft. external illumination Alternatives when equipped only with one or more of the light sources High-pressure sodium Metal halide lamps (with minimum efficiency) Neon or cold cathode lamps (with minimum efficiency) Fluorescent lamps (with a minimum CRI) LEDs (with minimum efficiency) Compact fluorescent lamps (not with screw-base socket) Electronic ballasts (minimum 20 khz) In the 2008 code: see 150(k) 14
2008 Internally Illuminated Address Signs Consume no more than 5 watts of power OR Comply with the nonresidential sign lighting Standards in 140.8: Cannot exceed 12 watts per sq. ft. internal illumination Cannot exceed 2.3 watts per sq. ft. external illumination Alternatives when equipped only with one or more of the light sources High-pressure sodium Metal halide lamps (with minimum efficiency) Neon or cold cathode lamps (with minimum efficiency) Fluorescent lamps (with a minimum 80 CRI) + Electronic ballasts (minimum 20 khz) Compact fluorescent lamps with no screw-base sockets LEDs (with minimum efficiency) In the 2008 code: see 150(k) 14
2008 Low-rise Multi-family Common Areas A multi-family complex consists of four or more dwelling units. A low-rise is considered a building with three or fewer stories. All hardwired lighting must be high efficacy or controlled by a occupant sensor The occupant sensor must be directly on the walkway and/or view the entire space If the building has more than three stories the common areas must comply with the nonresidential code. In the 2008 code: see 150(k) 16
2008 Low-rise Multi-family Common Areas In buildings where common areas constitute > 20% of the floor space: Lighting must comply with the nonresidential standards Lighting in corridors and stairwells must be controlled by occupancy sensors that reduce lighting power by at least 50% In buildings with common areas that are 20% of the floor space: All hardwired lighting must be high efficacy or controlled by an occupancy sensor Credit: The Hanover Co. In the 2008 code: see 150(k) 16
2008 Parking Lots and Garages Residential Lots and Garages Residential standards apply to parking lots, carports and parking garages (attached and detached from dwelling unit) for seven or fewer vehicles per site Parking lots and carports must meet the residential outdoor lighting requirements Parking garages must meet the residential indoor lighting requirements: high efficacy or controlled by a manual-on occupant sensor Non-residential Lots and Garages Non-residential standards apply to parking lots, carports and parking garages (attached and detached from dwelling unit) for eight or more vehicles Must meet the lighting requirements for non-residential buildings Must meet the power density limits for non-residential lighting standards Light fixtures must be controlled by a photocontrol or time switch that turns lights off when daylight is present Fixtures with lamps rated over 175 watts are designated as cutoff, limiting light emitted upwards Uniform lighting is desired to help eliminate shadows in corners and provide a sense of safety In the 2008 code: see 150(k) 11
2013 Parking Lots and Garages Residential Lots and Garages Residential standards apply to parking lots, carports and parking garages (attached and detached from dwelling unit) for seven or fewer vehicles per site Parking lots and carports must meet the residential outdoor lighting requirements or the non-res requirements Parking garages must meet the residential indoor lighting requirements: high efficacy and controlled by a vacancy sensor Non-resential Lots and Garages Non-residential standards apply to parking lots, carports and parking garages (attached and detached from dwelling unit) for eight or more vehicles Must meet the power density limits for non-residential lighting standards Light fixtures must be controlled by a photocontrol or time switch that turns lights off when daylight is present New construction or major alterations are required to comply with Backlight, Uplight, Glare ratings per IES TM-15-11 Pole mounted luminaire > 75W and < 24 ft must include motion sensors that reduce lighting levels on vacancy. In the 2013 code: see 150(k) 6 Other conditions apply, see sections: 110.9, 130.0, 130.2, 130.4, 140.7 & 141.0