AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT AND FAN CONTROLLER WITH BI- DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER R.R.Yuganandhine 1, Kiruthika.J 2, Manju.S 3, Mythili.K 4, Manikandan.R.K 5 1 Assistant Professor, 2,3,4,5 Student Members Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Coimbatore Institute of Engineering and Technology Abstract The aim of our project is to make a controller based model to count the number of person entering into the room and it lights up the room based on the light intensity of the room and turn on fan automatically where the persons are sitting inside the room. It is made to prevent unwanted electric power waste in schools, colleges, houses and other working places. This whole process is operated totally automatically by using its sensors. This project is very helpful in Schools and Colleges for their auditorium and in offices. Overview of design Keywords: Microcontroller AT89S51, IR Sensors, LCD, LDR module, PIR Sensors. I.Introduction In the digital word we need every possible thing around us to be automatic which reduces human efforts. There are increasing electronic circuits that make today s life easier and simple. Nowadays Energy Crisis is the big problem faced by everyone. So there is a need to conserve energy. This project is very useful for such problems as one generally forgets to turn off lights and fan while leaving a room. The aim of this is to make an automatic controller based prototype to count the number of individuals entering in the particular room and accordingly light up a room and turn on fan. We use IR Sensors to detect number of individuals entering in a room. This Circuit counts the number of individual and displays the counts on LCD, turn on the fan automatically and lights up the room based on the light intensity detected by LDR sensor. Microcontroller AT89S51 The AT89S51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 4K bytes of Insystem Programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 8051 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with In-system programmable flash on monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S51 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highlyflexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. @IJRTER-2017, All Rights Reserved 20
Relay driver circuit IR sensors IR sensor is used to produce IR wave. In this project there are two IR sensors. IR sensor consist of IR transmitter and receiver. IR1 detect the number of individuals entering the room. IR2 detect the number of individuals leaving the room. The frequency range of IR sensors varies depending upon its cost. When any object cuts the light emitted by the LED, the light bounces back from the object to the light sensor. In relay driver circuit there are transistor, diodes and the relays. Relay driver circuit is used to control the light. This block can drive the various controlled devices. We are using +12V dc relay. As Microcontroller cannot drive relay directly so output signal from microcontroller is passed to base of the transistor, which activates the particular relay so that it can select the particular device to operate. Relays can control the charge flowing to the load. Load may be AC device such as light, fan, bulb etc. LCD Display LCD is used to display number of individuals in room. It is very thin technology based on combination of liquid and crystal. Liquid state produces an image for display. PIR Sensor A Passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that measures infrared light radiating from object in its field of view. They are most often used in PIR-based motion detectors. All objects with the temperature above absolute zero emit heat energy in the form of radiation. Usually this radiation isn t visible to the human eye because it radiates at infrared wavelengths, but it can be detected by electronic devices design for such a @IJRTER-2017, All Rights Reserved 21
purpose. The term passive in this instance refers to the fact that PIR device do not generate or radiate any energy for detection purposes. Automatic room light controller using microcontroller ATMEGA16A and bidirectional visitor counter controls a room light as well as count the number of individuals entering and leaving the room. When a individual enter into a room then one counter is incremented by 1 and one light in a room will be switched on and when the individual leaves a room counter is decremented by 1. When a number of individual is greater than 5 then two lights will be switched ON. When a individual in a room more than ten, three lights will be switched ON. Similarly on increases of every five individuals one more light will be switched on. Lights will turns OFF when all the individuals go out of a room. The total individual present inside a room is also display on the LCD display. IR sensor and microcontroller does above the job. II.Related works Digital visitor counter can be used in various rooms like seminar hall, conference hall where the capacity of room is limited and should not be exceeded. The project will display the actual number of person inside the room. Automatic room light and fan controller project can also be used in our home because many times we come out of our bedroom are any other room we forgot to turn off the room light. The main advantage of this project is that it helps in energy conservation. Because when there is nobody inside the room the lights are automatically turns off. Human effects to count the number of persons is eliminated. Since this project does the automatic person counting with the help of two sensor installed on door frame. The voice alarm system can be added to indicate that the room is full and person cannot enter inside. We can increase the maximum number of person that can be counted by implementing the external EEPROM. III. Proposed system Description If the sensor1 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor2, and if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will increment the count and switch ON the relay, if it is first time interrupted. If the sensor2 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor1, and if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will increment the count and switch ON the relay, if it is first time interrupted. If the sensor2 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor1, and if it is @IJRTER-2017, All Rights Reserved 22
interrupted then the microcontroller will decrement the count. When the last person leaves the room then counter goes to 0 and that the relay will turn off, and light will be turned off. Wastage of electricity is one of the main problem which we are facing nowadays. In our home, school, colleges or industry we see that fan and light are kept on even if there are nobody in the room or area. This happens due to negligence or because we forget to turns lights off or when we are in hurry. To avoid all such situation we have designed this project called automatic room light and fan controller with bidirectional visitor counter. This project has to types, first one is known as digital visitor counter and second type is known as automatic room light controller. Main concept behind this project is known as visitor counter which measures the number of person entering in any room like seminar hall, conference room, class room. This function is implemented using a pair of infrared sensor. LCD display place outside the room display this value of person count. This person count will incremented if somebody enter inside the room and at that time lights are turned on. And in reverse way, the person count will decremented if somebody leaves the room. When the number of person inside the room is 0, lights inside the room are turned off using a relay interface in this way relay does the operation of automatic room light controller. Since project uses 2 infrared sensors, it can be used as bidirectional person counter as well. Nowadays without electricity we can t imagine our daily life because electricity has became a necessity for all, without which day to day life daily activities became stand still. Due to the depletion of non renewable resources, conservation of energy has became important and by doing so we can reduce electricity bill as well. On other hand, the energy resources like petroleum, natural gas, uranium and propane are called non renewable resources, because their supplies are limited. Many environmental effects and day by day depleting energy resources warn as to save energy by using automatic room controller and energy efficient lighting system. IV.Simulation Results The theme of this project when merged with certain established technologies can be effective in number of countries like Germany, France and Japan etc. This project useful in developing countries and this project has a bright futures. This project help us to control the light of a room automatically and count the number of persons/visitors entering and leaving the room. By using the circuit and proper power supply we can implement various applications such as fan, tube light etc. V. References @IJRTER-2017, All Rights Reserved 23
[1] Microcontroller- Projects / automatic-room light controller-with bidirectional-visitor counter using Aurdino. [2]AT989S51-Atmel: http://www.atmel.com/images/doc2487.pdf. [3] http://www.rashmondal.info/ir-object-detection. [4] Automatic room light controller with bidirectional visitor counter /Vol1-issue-4/ISSN:2395-4841 http://www.ijictrd.net /paper/ijictrdv1i4005.pdf. [5] http://www.ijret.org. [6] Automatic room light controller-140122113402- phpapp02 [7] http://www.mdpi.com/journals/sensor. [8] http://www.researchgate.net/publication/250928842- passive-infrared-pir-sensor-based-security-system. International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) @IJRTER-2017, All Rights Reserved 24