Community Sensitive Lighting Table of Contents Challenges 3 History 4 Lighting Terms 6 LEED Introduction 7 IESNA Classifications 8-9 Full Cutoff Products 10-11 Cutoff Products 12 Semi-Cutoff Products 13-14 Solution 15 2
... from American Electric Lighting The Challenges Communities across North America are struggling with three closely-related and increasingly critical lighting problems: light pollution, light trespass, and glare. Light pollution (or sky glow), caused by ineffective lighting, can rob us of the night-time skies we knew as children. Trespass can turn our neighborhoods into light-polluted zones that send unwelcome glare into our homes, intruding on our privacy. Glare a component of light pollution and trespass can make roadways, city centers, and suburbs hazardous and unsafe, by limiting our ability to see people and objects in time to react appropriately. Community-specific Solutions We all want safe, secure, and beautiful environments to work in and raise our families communities where we can enjoy a variety of leisure and cultural activities. We need community-specific lighting solutions to help make nighttime activity safe and secure for driving, shopping, sports, and cultural events. We need appropriate lighting for revitalization projects in our inner cities, shopping districts, and residential developments; appropriate decorative lighting to beautify downtown areas. But lighting our inner cities, suburbs, and highways presents many complexities to those responsible for outdoor lighting specifications, design, and selection challenges that can t be met with off-the-shelf lighting solutions. The issues are clear; the stakes are high; but finding the right solutions isn t easy. Installation costs, operating expenses, energy conservation concerns, and other issues must be factored in with technical challenges and the often-conflicting lighting needs of suburban vs. inner city areas. What s more, communities must balance the concerns of all parties involved in evolving and improving outdoor environmental lighting including concerned citizens, special interest groups, governmental agencies, environmentalists, and lighting specifiers. Balancing all these factors to deliver the right light demands specialized scientific and technical expertise. Legislation Trends In community after community, laws are being enacted to tackle outdoor environmental lighting issues. These new regulations are meant to ensure that the lighting installations communities use deliver the appropriate light levels to ensure safety and visibility and at the same time address energy conservation needs and preserve the natural light environment. Unfortunately, many lighting ordinances have technically inaccurate definitions and criteria that make enforcement difficult. Restrictions on luminaire (lighting unit) type, for example, may contradict an ordinance s intent; and inaccuracies may crop up in many other commonly-regulated criteria, like allowable fixture wattage, mounting heights, and lamp type. Communities need specialized expertise to ensure that their outdoor environmental lighting laws can solve real problems in measurable ways. Getting that expertise demands years of commitment and experience in creating effective outdoor environmental lighting solutions. Community Sensitive Lighting 3
Community Sensitive Lighting Lighting Communities for Nearly Half a Century One company rises to the top when it comes to helping communities meet outdoor environmental lighting needs: American Electric Lighting (AEL). AEL has been at the forefront of designing, producing, and distributing environmentally friendly, high efficient lighting systems for decades. In fact, AEL was producing Dark-Sky-friendly lighting products before the term Dark-Sky friendly became popular; and we ve applied the same proactive approach to developing outdoor environmental lighting products designed to control trespass and glare. How have we accomplished this? By committing the best minds on our engineering, lighting design, and research and development teams to finding technologically-advanced and superbly-engineered ways to help communities like yours. Our efforts have paid off. AEL has a long track record of creating lighting solutions that support safe, energy-efficient, appropriately-lighted outdoor environments. This includes a number of industry milestones like AEL s part-night photocontrols, a unique technology that addresses energy efficiency concerns by automatically turning lights on at dusk and off halfway through the night. This not only saves energy, but eliminates offensive light trespass at night. Our DuraStar 20 and 30 Series roadway lighting fixtures are recognized industry-wide as the premium in full cutoff photometric roadway performance, offering the least amount of light from the luminaire contributing directly to sky glow. More recently, we ve found new ways to control glare and light trespass, with our High Performance flat glass reflectors and Sag glass optics. For over 40 years, AEL has been a recognized leader in utility and infrastructure lighting in North America. AEL s products include luminaires for roadway, commercial, area, security, flood, and decorative lighting all designed to serve utilities, municipalities, contractors, governments, highway authorities, and engineers around the world with world-class lighting solutions. 4
... from American Electric Lighting 1960 Now Images courtesy of the International Dark Sky Association. Community Sensitive Lighting 5
Frequently Used Lighting Terms Artificial Sky Glow (light pollution) The haze or glow of light that surrounds highly populated areas reduces the ability to view the nighttime sky or dark preserve. Sky glow is particularly concerning near observatories. Light emitted or reflected into the sky washes out the contrast of stars against the dark sky, making it difficult to view faint stars and other heavenly bodies. Efficiency A ratio of the light emitted from a luminaire to the light produced by the bare lamp. Glare Occurs when excessive brightness is directed into the field of view. The source s brightness prevents the viewer from adequately viewing the intended target. Discomfort glare doesn t necessarily keep the viewer from seeing an object but does cause physical discomfort. Disability glare occurs when the bright source is close to the axis of view, causing stray light to scatter in the eye. This may prevent the viewer from seeing intended objects. Intensity The intensity, or brightness of light in a specific direction. Luminous intensity may be expressed in candelas (cd) or in lumens per steradian. Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) The recognized technical authority on illumination. Founded in 1906, the IESNA publishes standard practices, which provide guidelines for outdoor lighting. Illuminance A term that quantifies the amount of light striking a surface. It is expressed either in lumens per square foot (footcandles) or lumens per square meter (lux). This is the value that is often used to describe the amount of light needed for various outdoor activities. Light trespass (spill light) Unwanted light directed onto neighboring properties. Light trespass has become an increasing concern as residences and commercial developments are built closer together, and may be more offensive during late night hours. Luminaire A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp (or lamps), together with the parts designed to distribute the light, to position and protect the lamps, and to connect the lamps to the power supply. Sometimes includes ballast and photocontrol. Luminance (brightness) A term that quantifies directional brightness of a light source, or of a surface that is illuminated and reflects light. It is expressed in candles/sf (English units) or candelas/meters squared (metric units). 6
American Electric Lighting Stays Involved As a member of the Acuity Lighting Group, American Electric Lighting recently joined the U.S. Green Buildings Council, the nation s foremost coalition of leaders from across the building industry working to promote buildings that are environmentally responsible, profitable, and healthy places to live and work. The council members work together to develop the LEED green building rating system, a voluntary, consensus-based national standard for developing high-performance, sustainable buildings. The LEED system is rapidly gaining national acceptance as a leader in providing truly integrated solutions to building design to bring the market economically feasible, ecofriendly designs. As part of the Acuity Lighting Group, American Electric Lighting will play a key role to ensure the development of LEED standards supports quality lighting through focusing on sustainable design efforts. Durastar 30 Series 11 with Full Cutoff reflector Community Sensitive Lighting 7
We Cover the Night IESNA Recognized Cutoff Classifications Outdoor environmentally-friendly lighting products are usually referred to as having full cutoff, cutoff or semi-cutoff classifications, identifying the degree of optical control. So just what does the term cutoff mean? According to the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, cut off refers to the degree of luminous intensity, measured in candelas, emitting from the fixture at 90 and 80 degrees (zero degrees is directly below the fixture). The term uplight is the percentage of lamp lumens emitted at or above the 90 degree plane horizontal to the luminaire. The degree (or classification) of cutoff is determined by a maximum at 80 degrees as well as the intensity at or above 90 degrees. IESNA categorizes cutoff into four different classifications: Full Cutoff, Cutoff, Semi-Cutoff and Non-Cutoff. Below are the definitions according to IESNA along with illustrations: 0% Intensity at or above 90º 10% Intensity at or above 80º 2.5% Intensity at or above 90º 10% Intensity at or above 80º Full Cutoff - A luminaire light distribution with zero candela (intensity) at an angle of 90 degrees or above. Additionally, the candela per 1000 lamp lumens does not exceed 100 (10%) at a vertical angle of 80 degrees. BENEFITS: No contribution of sky glow directly from the luminaire Excellent light control at property line Limits spill light Reduces glare UPLIGHT: No uplight allowed LIMITATIONS: May reduce pole spacing to maintain lighting uniformity May increase pole and luminaire quantity Higher amount of reflected light off pavement can contribute to sky glow Potential to have decreased uniformity due to higher light levels directly under the pole Cutoff - A luminaire light distribution where the candela per 1000 lumens does not exceed 25 (2.5%) at an angle of 90 degrees or above. Additionally, the candela per 1000 lamp lumens does not exceed 100 (10%) at a vertical angle of 80 degrees. BENEFITS: Small increase in high-angle light compared to full cutoff Good light control at property line Potential for increased pole spacing compared to full cutoff Lower overall power consumption when compared to full cutoff UPLIGHT: From as little as 0% to a maximum of 16% LIMITATIONS: Can allow uplight, a problem when limiting sky glow is desired Light control at property line less than full cutoff May increase light reflected off ground surfaces and into the night time sky 8
5% Intensity at or above 90º 20% Intensity at or above 80º No restriction at any angle Semi-Cutoff - A luminaire light distribution where the candela per 1000 lumens does not exceed 50 (5%) at an angle of 90 degrees or above. Additionally, the candela per 1000 lamp lumens does not exceed 200 (20%) at a vertical angle of 80 degrees. BENEFITS: Potential for increased pole spacing and lower overall power consumption when compared to cutoff or full cutoff High angle light accents taller surfaces May reflect less light off pavement than cutoff or full cutoff luminaires Vertical illumination increases pedestrian security and sense of safety Can provide aesthetic luminaire styles or sparkle UPLIGHT: Less than 1% to a maximum of 32% LIMITATIONS: Greater potential for direct uplight component than cutoff, contributing to greater sky glow Light trespass a concern near residential areas Potential for increased glare or full cutoff unless lower wattages are utilized Non-Cutoff - A luminaire light distribution where there is no candela restriction at any angle. BENEFITS: Accents taller surfaces Highest vertical illumination increases visibility of pedestrians Open visual environment provides vertical surface visibility UPLIGHT: No restriction LIMITATIONS: Greatest potential for direct uplight component of all classifications Least control of direct uplight Highest potential for glare unless used with very low wattage sources Typically lower efficiency Community Sensitive Lighting 9
Luminaires with Full Cutoff Optical Systems Durastar 30 Series For roadway applications from 200W to 400W Composite fixture housing resists corrosive environments such as coastal areas Duralock TM docking system makes installation and maintenance easy High efficiency optical system Durastar 20 Series For roadway applications from 35W to 175W Composite fixture housing resists corrosive environments such as coastal areas Duralock TM docking system makes installation and maintenance easy High efficiency optical system 125 Flat Glass For roadway applications from 175W to 400W Die-cast housing with durable powdercoat finish HP optics available for increased spacing with greater uniformity LML Low Pressure Sodium for observatories and wildlife habitats from 55W to 180W Available in three housing sizes to accommodate varying mounting heights and scale 11 Series Rural areas from 70W to 250W All components packed in a single carton complete with lamp and PE Control AVL Parking lots and other commercial environments from 250W to 1000W Available with various mounting configurations Optional attractive external houseside shield available Designed for use with 1000W reduced jacketed vertical lamp Five different distributions including forward throw 10
Full Cutoff 53 Parking lots and other commercial environments from 70W to 175W Removable ballast tray for ease of maintenance 153 Parking lots and secondary roadways from 200W to 400W Removable ballast tray for ease of maintenance LL Parking lots, office complexes and other commercial environments 1000W horizontally positioned lamp with a removable ballast tray LM Parking lots, office complexes and other commercial environments from 200W to 400W Horizontally positioned lamp with a removable ballast tray LS Parking lots, office complexes and other commercial environments from 70W to 175W Horizontally positioned lamp with a removable ballast tray American Revolution Series 247 Streetscapes, walkways and parks from 50W to 150W Rugged die-cast aluminum housing Community Sensitive Lighting 11
Luminaires with Cutoff Optical Systems 115 Flat Glass Roadways and residential streets from 35W to 250W Rugged die-cast housing with durable powdercoat finish HP optics available for increased spacing with greater uniformity 115 Sag Glass Roadways and residential streets from 35W to 250W Rugged die-cast housing with durable powdercoat finish HP optics standard in Sag Glass for increased spacing with greater uniformity 315 Flat Glass Roadways and residential streets from 35W to 400W Rugged die-cast housing with durable powdercoat finish Available clear sag glass offers wider spacing than traditional flat glass units, while still minimizing glare and light trespass 125 Sag Glass For roadway applications from 175W to 400W Rugged die-cast housing with durable powdercoat finish HP optics standard in Sag Glass for increased spacing with greater uniformity 325 Flat Glass For roadways and residential streets from 175W to 400W Rugged die-cast housing with durable powdercoat finish HP optics available for increased spacing with greater uniformity 325 Sag Glass Roadways and residential streets from 175W to 400W Rugged die-cast housing with durable powdercoat finish HP optics standard in Sag Glass for increased spacing with greater uniformity 12
Luminaires with Semi-Cutoff Optical Systems Semi Cutoff Optical Systems American Electric Lighting also carries a full line of semi-cutoff luminaires for lighting applications where high angle brightness is less restrictive. These luminaires allow wider spacing between poles which reduces indirect uplight associated with sky glow and lower overall power consumption by using fewer luminaires compared to full cutoff. American Revolution Series 247 Streetscapes, walkways and parks from 50W to 175W Type III and V Contempo Series 245 Streetscapes, walkways and parks from 50W to 175W Type III and V Community Sensitive Lighting 13
Lighting for Intrinsically Dark Areas Luminaires for Light-sensitive Areas American Electric Lighting designed the Series SRP, SRX, and SP2 specifically for intrinsically dark-sensitive areas. These low pressure sodium products provide a monochromatic yellow light source that can be easily filtered out by observatories and also have less impact on biological habitats. LPS Roadway Series SRP Roadways, highways, transportation terminals where observatories and wildlife habitats may exist Noncorrosive ABS plastic housing 90W to 180W Standard PE Receptacle LPS Roadway Series SRX Roadways, highways, transportation terminals where observatories and wildlife habitats may exist Vandal resistant die-cast housing 35W to 90W LPS Roadway Series SP2 Roadways, highways, transportation terminals where observatories and wildlife habitats may exist Noncorrosive ABS plastic housing 90W to 180W DPN Series Part Night Photocontrol AEL s DPN Series Part Night electronic locking-type photocontrol uses a unique technology to help communities increase the energy efficiency and costeffectiveness of their roadway lighting. The DPN Series achieves this by automatically turning the lighting fixture on at dusk and off halfway through the night. The photocontrol automatically self-adjusts to seasonal time changes, reducing maintenance and helping to alleviate light pollution and light trespass concerns late at night. DPN Series Part Night Parking lots, area lights, park lights, media lighting, ball fields and courts, and pedestrian lighting Filtered silicon photocell provides long-term, drift-free light sensing; the infrared blocking polymer filter gives human eye response 14
Lighting Solutions Outstripping Our Resources As our population grows, so does the demand for building expansion and economic development. The U.S. Census Bureau states that the U.S. population grows by one person every 15 seconds. At the same time, the Department of Energy has forecast an energy demand increase of 1.7% each year between 2002-2012. It s clear from these statistics that outdoor environmental concerns are here to stay. That s why today s and tomorrow s communities should partner with American Electric Lighting: to make sure we all can enjoy safe, healthful, energy-efficient lighting for many years to come. We are committed to helping communities like yours meet their outdoor environmental lighting needs. And we ve got the passion, scientific and technical expertise, products, and track record to deliver on our promises to you, now and in the future AEL s products are backed by the longest electrical component warranty in the industry to ensure that they stand the test of time. Get the Whole Story Today! To locate an AEL representative in your area, visit us at www.americanelectriclighting.com. Our website is filled with useful product information where you can easily access AEL Product Guide pages, and product performance information including IESNA photometric files and ballast specifications. To find out more about AEL products, e-mail us at: aeltechsupport@americanelectriclighting.com. Community Sensitive Lighting 15
2003 Acuity Lighting Group, Inc. 08/03 Form No. 1315.23 AEL5801.pmd American Electric Lighting Acuity Lighting Group, Inc. 1335 Industrial Boulevard, Conyers, GA 30012 Phone: 800-754-0463, Fax: 770-860-3255 www.americanelectriclighting.com