RISK ASSESSMENT 1.0 INTRODUCTION The project involves lot of activities like installation of various types of structures &machineries. These activities include lifting and transportation of materials at different levels, digging pits, operation of concrete mixer, working near electrical circuit, which is required during construction of the project. Hence, such work puts workers at risk of burial, engulfment or falling from a height, risk of electrocution where the risk is particularly aggravated by the nature of the work or processes used or by the environment at the place of work or site. On completion of project, the infrastructure created includes provision of lifts, DG set as power backup, laying of internal as well as external electrical cables, construction of internal roads etc, which pose risk of accident to the occupants. However, it is not always possible to totally eliminate such eventualities and random failures of equipment due to human errors or natural calamities like earthquake. It is thus necessary to carry out hazard identification and risk assessment for risk monitoring and to formulate its Control Measures like Risk response planning i.e. Disaster Management Plan/Onsite Emergency Plan for the project. An essential part of major hazard control is therefore, to be concerned with mitigating the effects of such emergency situation and restoration of normalcy at the earliest by following Disaster Management Plan (DMP) for different type of Emergencies like Earthquake, LPG leakage, Fire in the building. 1.1 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN The Multi Level Manufacturing Hub (Flattened Group Factory) at Village Rani Khera, Mundka, New Delhi is being promoted by M/s Delhi State Industrial & Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd (DSIIDC). Delhi, being the capital, epitomizes the entire nation. The DSIIDC have played a key role in propelling the development of Delhi by shaping up the Indian capital, a city of some 10 million people. The DSIIDC had acquired a land measuring 147.00 acres at Rani Khera on Rohtak Road, Delhi. The Project is new. The total plot area is 5,94,800.00sqm, FSI area is 8,59,298.00 sqm and total construction (built-up) area of 12,60,089.72 sqm. The project will comprise of Commercial Offices, Commercial Retail, Industrial Block, Administrative Block and Warehouse. Maximum height of the buildings is proposed as 26 m. The facility will provide ready to use work spaces such as (i) clean, green and light & Services based Industries in Delhi, (ii) a modern Industrial Park for light and Service Industry, (iii) developed, built, organized and ready to use space along with work spaces, (iv) build Homes, Amenities, Offices and Retail Facilities as per norms, and (v) an Industrial Park as a complete Township. The project is located at Village Rani Khera within close proximity to the prominent residential areas of North West part of Delhi like Rohini, Pitampura and Mundka. The 7-1
project site has excellent road connectivity via UER-2 to IGI Airport and via both Rohtak Road and KMP Expressway to serve the entire region and beyond. The proposed site is located at an approximate distance of 1.50 Km from NH-10(Delhi Rohtak Road) adjacent to the main Railway line to Rohtak. The metro station of Mundka is also not very far away. Good connectivity to the main-line city is through the Outer Ring Road available at an approximate distance of five to six Km from the project. According to the Zonal Plan of DDA, the land use of the project is Manufacturing (Light & Service Industry). The project will act as a Regional Hub for the entire city area i.e., Northern and Western Delhi and suburbs adjacent to NW part of Delhi such as Bahadurgarh, Rohtak, Sonipat and Jhajjar. Total working population of over 1 lakh people and more than 25 acres of natural Central Park (dedicated green area) proposed at the heart of the site. Site is very well connected by multiple modes of existing as well as proposed transportation like UER-2 Expressway, Rohtak Road (National Highway), Mundka Metro Station, Mundka Railway Station and DTC Bus Depot. Project features include Multi-Level Manufacturing Hub, Commercial Offices, Commercial Retails, Social Amenities, Multi-Level Car Parkings (2 nos.), Green building ratings, Solar energy generation and Zero discharge project. The Term of Reference (TOR) for the project stipulates that the shall submit details of a comprehensive Disaster Management Plan including emergency evacuation during natural and man-made disaster. In pursuance of the above direction, a detailed Disaster Management Plan has been prepared for compliance by the project authorities. 1.1.0 RULES AND REGULATIONS ON SAFETY INVOLVING RISKS & HAZARDS 1.1.0.1 STATUTORY RULES AND REGULATIONS ON SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT The responsibility of the management of any project is to comply with the provisions of various statutory rules and regulations on Safety, Health and which are as follows: 1) (Protection) Act, 1986 and Rules (as amended to date) made there under including: (a)the Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals (MSIHC) Rules 1989 amended in 1994, 2000, 2008 and 2016; (b) Impact Assessment Notification, 2006, as amended to date; (c)the Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998, as amended to date; (d)hazardous and Other Wastes (Management & Trans-boundary Movement) Rules, 2016; 7-2
(e)solid Waste Management Rules, 2016; (f) Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016; (g)construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016; (h)e - Waste Management Rules, 2018; (i)the Public Liability Insurance (PLI) Act 1991, amended in 1992 and the Public Liability Insurance Rules 1991, amended in 1993; (j)the Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness& Response) rules, 1996; 2) Factory Act 1948 and the Factories (Amendment) Act 2014, as amended to date; 3) Petroleum Act 1934 and Petroleum Rules 1981 amended in 2002, as amended to date; 4) Gas Cylinder Rules 2004 and Static & Mobile Pressure Vessels (SPVM) (Unfired) Rules 1981amended in 1993, as amended to date; 5) Explosives Act 1984 and Explosive Rules 1983, as amended to date; 6) The Electricity Act 2003 and Indian Electricity Rules 1956 as amended to date. 1.1.0.2 STORAGE & HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS As required under the Hazardous Waste Management and Handling Rules (1989) and amendments from time to time, separate temporary storage places are proposed to be made for storage of hazardous materials within the project premises. The size of these temporary units shall be accommodated depending upon the quantity and the type of hazardous waste materials like hazardous construction & demolition wastes, used batteries, used Tube Lights & Bulbs, PCBs, PVC waste materials, Electronic goods, Asbestos, used Oils/fuels etc. Also, for storage of gas cylinders,wherever applicable, the Gas Cylinders Rules under Explosives Act shall be followed. Later, these materials will be disposed off through MoEF& CC and CPCB approved Recyclers. 1.1.0.3 GUIDELINES FOR STORAGE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS The Petroleum Rules 2002 dated 13 th March 2002 stipulates the following criteria for storage and handling of Petroleum Products. 1) License shall have to be taken depending upon the quantity of storage and handling of the products envisaged within the premises of the project. However, no license is required for storage, handling and transport of any such product (i.e. petroleum Class B ) if the total quantity in possession does not exceed 2500 litres in non-bulk (i.e. drums) or 1000 litres in a receptacle/tank (i.e. bulk). 2) Application for renewal of petroleum license, as and when required, shall be made to Chief Controller of Explosive s Office. 1.1.0.4 OIL AND CHEMICAL PLANT LAYOUT AND SPACING GAPS GUIDELINES Global Asset Protection Services LLC (GAPS), USA and its affiliated organizations provide loss prevention surveys and other risk management, continuity and facility asset management services. Loss experience clearly shows that fires and explosions in 7-3
congested areas of oil and chemical plants can result in excessive losses. Wherever explosion or fire hazards exist, proper plant layout and adequate spacing between the chemical Units are essential to loss prevention and control. Layout relates to the relative position of equipment or units within a given site. Spacing pertains to minimum distance between units or equipments. 1.1.0.5 SAFETY CODES FOR BUILDINGS AND FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM The Fire-fighting network followed by Emergency Response Mock Drills is proposed as essential part of Risk Control Measures. Construction of the residential and commercial buildings has been done as per the provisions of National Building Code 2016. The fire-fighting system is proposed to be designed considering the following codes, manuals and guidelines: 1) National Building Code (NBC) of India 2016; NBCI-Part-IV; 2) Latest relevant National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Codes, USA, in particular NFPA 13, 14, 20 & 22; 3) Industrial Risk Insurers (IRI)Guidelines; 4) As per requirement of fire officer / local fire approving authorities; and 5) As per Indian Standard Code for Fire Protection (IS Codes) 6) Rules of Insurance Company & TAC Manual (for reference and guideline). 1.1.0.5.0 INSTALLATIONS OF PROVISIONS FOR FIRE FIGHTING Following provisions have been proposed for firefighting: 1) High Pressure Fire-Water Connections; 2) Firewater inlet and outlet connections shall be provided to the water storage tanks; 3) External main fire ring, having 150 mm diameter and hydrants @ 45 m 3 /s spacing shall be provided. This external fire ring shall be separated from the Sprinkler Main Systems; 4) All Flow Switches, Test Valves, Drain Pipes etc shall be provided as per NFPA guidelines on the sprinkler system; 5) All Pump installation and arrangements shall be made in accordance with IRI guidelines and NFPA-20; 6) All Pumps and accessories and electrical Controllers shall be provided as per UL/FM lists, tested, approved and certified; 7) By-pass arrangements shall be provided (150 mm diameter nominal bore) with NRV and Gate Valve and bulk Flow Meter on the discharge Header of each Pump to check the duties of Pumps. 8) Storage Tanks shall be provided in the basement for the supply of water for the firefighting facility. 9) The Fire Extinguishers shall be provided in conformance with Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules 2000. 7-4
1.1.1 RISK HAZARD AND ITS CONTROL MEASURES On-Site and Off-Site emergency plans are in place to provide the necessary infrastructures for control of risks and hazards so that the losses to personnel and property are minimum. 1.1.1.0 ON - SITE EMERGENCY PLAN The On- Site management plan will be circulated to all concerned members of emergency team. It is essential that all concerned persons are familiar with the overall On-Site emergency plan and their respective roles and responsibilities during emergency. They should also participate regularly in the mock drills to keep in a state of perpetual preparedness at all times to meet any emergency. 1.1.1.0.1 ACTION PLAN OF ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN The objective of the plan is to take immediate actions to meet any emergency situation for speedy and efficient rescue and relief operations. The main steps involved in the onsite emergency plan are described below: 1) Cordon and isolate the affected area for smooth rescue operation. 2) Rescue and treat casualties and safeguard the rest. 3) Minimize damage to life, property and surroundings. 4) Contain and ultimately bring the situation under control. 5) Secure and safe rehabilitation of the affected area. 6) Identify any casualty and provide for the needs of the relatives. 7) Provide necessary information to statutory agencies. 8) Provide authoritative information to the news media. 9) Ward off unsocial elements and prying onlookers. 10) Counter rumor mongering and panic by relevant accurate information. The primary purpose of the On-Site emergency plan is to control and contain the incident and so to prevent it from spreading. To cover eventuality in the plan and the successful handling of the emergency, will depend on appropriate action and decision being taken on the spot. It is proposed to plan and construct the buildings following all safety norms. However, it is not always possible to totally eliminate such eventualities and random failures of equipment or human errors. An essential part of major hazard control has, therefore, to be concerned with mitigating the effects of such emergency and restoration of normalcy at the earliest. Detailed account of activities during construction and operation phases along with mitigation measures have been given in Table 1.1. Table 1.1: Hazard Prone Activities and the Mitigation Measures HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH ACTIVITIES CONTROL / MITIGATION MEASURES (During Construction & Operation) Manual Handling: - Strains and sprains incorrect lifting - too heavy Exercise/warm up - get help when needed - 7-5
loads -twisting - bending - repetitive movement - body vibration. Falls - Slips Trips: Falls on same level - falls to surfaces below - poor housekeeping - slippery surfaces Uneven surfaces -poor access to work areas climbing on and off plant -unloading materials into excavations wind - falling objects. Fire : Flammable liquids / Gases like LPG, Diesel Storage area and combustible building materials - poor housekeeping - grinding sparks - open flames, absence of Fire hydrant net work. Absence of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Lack of adequate footwear - head protection hearing / eye protection - respiratory protection - gloves -goggles. Defective or wrong Hand Tools : Wrong tool - defective tool - struck by flying debris - caught in or on - missing guards - carbon monoxide - strains and sprains - dust. Electricity: Electrocution - overhead/underground servicesany leads damaged or poorly insulated - temporary repairs -no testing and tagging - circuits overloaded - non use of protective devices. Scaffolding: Poor foundation - lack of ladder access insufficient planking - lack of guardrails and toe boards - insufficient ties or other means - all scaffolds incorrectly braced or stabilized to prevent overturning. Ladders: Carrying loads - not secured against dislodgement - defective ladders - not sufficient length - wrong positions - incorrectly placed (angles, in access ways, vehicle movements. Excavations: Trench collapse - material falling in undetected underground services - falls - hazardous atmosphere struck by traffic and mobile plant. Gas Cutting and Welding: Fire - welding flash, burns, fumes, electrocution in wet conditions - flashback in oxygen set, leaking cylinders, acetylene cylinders lying down control loads - rest breaks/no exhaustion - no rapid movement/twisting/ bending/repetitive movement - good housekeeping. Housekeeping - tidy workplace - guardrails, handholds, harnesses, hole cover, hoarding, no slippery floors/trip hazards - clear/ safe access to work areas - ingress from work areas - dust/water controlled - PPE. Combustible / flammable materials properly stored / used - good housekeeping - fire extinguishers made available & Fire hydrant Network with reserve Fire water (As per NFPA Code) - Emergency Plan in case of Fire or collapse of structure. Head / face - footwear hearing / eye - skin respiratory protection provided - training - maintenance. Right tool for the job - used properly - good condition / maintenance guards - isolation eye / face protection - flying debris controlled. Leads good condition and earthed - no temporary repairs - no exposed wires - good insulation - no overloading - use of protective devices - testing and tagging -no overhead / underground services All scaffolds correctly braced and stabilized - 3:1 height to base ratio - firm foundation, plumb and level - ladder access provided and used - proper platform (3 planks/675 mm) - planks secured - guardrails and toe boards 900 mm to 1100 mm high, within 200 mm of working face, midrail. Secured against movement or footed - ladders in good condition - regularly inspected - extend 1 m above platform - 4:1 angle - out of access ways, vehicle movements - climbing - no carrying loads - 3 points of contact - no higher than 3 rd step down - use for access only, not working platforms. Soil stability known - no water accumulation - existing services known - material 600 mm from edge - clear of suspended loads hardhats / PPE - ladders - public protection atmospheric testing - traffic controls - Emergency Plan. Welding flash and burns controlled with PPE and shields - fumes controlled with ventilation and PPE(in good condition and properly positioned), Gas cylinders be kept upright & 7-6
- poorly maintained leads. secured position (properly tied) - combustible materials to be kept at secured place to avoid fire and Fire Extinguishers to be kept in fire prone area with training to people for its use. Noise: Levels below 85 decibels - proper protection. known noise levels over 85 decibels Falling Materials: Fall during carrying/lifting materials- dislodged tools and materials from overhead work areas. Cranes & Lifts: Display of carrying capacity i.e. load (No. of person), incorrectly slung, defective lifting equipment, unsecured loads, craning in close proximity to building people and plant - falls - falling materials. Visitors Presence at the Site: Falls - struck by - dropped materials - loading accidents -insufficient hoarding or fencing - pedestrian access past site - mechanical plant movement on and off site. Materials to be secured kept away from edge - toe boards Use of hard hats. Periodic testing by competent authority - correctly slung/secured loads, lifting equipment in good conditions - use of proper hand signals - falls while unloading controlled. Sufficient hoarding - fencing and barricades - safe pedestrian access past site traffic management for loading and delivery - construction separated from occupied areas of projects. 7.1.1.1 RISK ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT Risk analysis and risk assessment have been performed to provide details on risk posed to people who work inside or live near hazardous facilities, and to aid in preparing effective emergency response plans by delineating a Disaster Management Plan (DMP) to handle On-Site and Off-Site emergencies. Hence, risk analysis and risk assessment is an invaluable method for making informed risk-specific for any Project and needs extensive study that involves process understanding, hazard identification, consequences probability data, vulnerability models / data, local weather and terrain conditions and local population data. Risk analysis and risk assessment have been carried out to serve the following objectives: 1) Identification of safety areas; 2) Identification of hazard sources; 3) Generation of accidental release scenarios for escape of hazardous materials from the facility; 4) Identification of vulnerable units with recourse to hazard indices; 5) Assessment of risk on the basis of above evaluation against the risk acceptability criteria relevant to the situation; 6) Suggest risk mitigation measures based on engineering judgment, reliability and risk analysis approaches; 7) Delineation / up-gradation of DMP; 8) Safety reports: with external safety report / occupational safety report; The risk assessment report covers the following in terms of the extent of damage with analysis and delineation of risk mitigation measures with an approach to DMP. 7-7
1) Hazard Identification- identification of hazardous activities, hazardous materials, past accident records etc; 2) Hazard quantification- consequence analysis to assess the impacts; 3) Risk Presentation; 4) Risk Mitigation Measures; 5) Disaster Management Plans (DMP); 1.1.1.2 COMPENSATION TO THE VICTIMS The project authorities shall form an Investigation Team for an accident with the Safety Officer and other members of the Project. The Public Liability Insurance (PLI) Act, 1991, provides for the owner handling hazardous substances to pay specified amount of the money to the victims as relief by taking insurance policy for this purpose. 1.1.1.3 OFF - SITE EMERGENCY PLAN A major emergency in any situation is one, which has the potential to cause serious injury or loss of life, which may cause extensive damage to the structure in vicinity and environment and could result in serious disruption to normal operation both inside and outside the premises of the project. Depending on the magnitude of the emergency, service of the outside agencies shall also be envisaged. The management has to take effective steps to assess, minimize and wherever feasible, eliminate the risk to large extent. Accident may still occur and it is necessary to be fully prepared to tackle all such emergencies if and when they occur. It is likely that the consequences of such emergencies will be confined to the units concerned or may affect outside. If the consequences are confined within the project boundary, it will be controlled by Chief Emergency Controller of the Project. The most widely used techniques in practice will be based on experience accumulated over many years and on findings of the Safety Audits. 1.1.2 MODELS FOR IMPACT PREDICTION & RISK ASSESSMENT Hazards Identification, Hazards Evaluation and Hazards Quantification are proposed to be done as per the prediction of the Models used. These may be used for impact prediction and risk assessment. The Risk Assessment Conceptual Framework involving Hazard Identification, Hazard Evaluation and Hazard Quantification is represented in Fig. 1.1. 7-8
FIG. 1.1: RISK ASSESSMENT-CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The choices of the Model for Impact Prediction and Risk Assessment have been listed below in Table 1.2. Table 1.2: Choice of Models for Impact Predictions: Risk Assessment Name of Model Application Remarks EFFECT Consequence analysis for Heat load, press wave visualization of accidental and toxic release WHAZAN chemical release scenarios & its exposure neutral gas consequence. dispersion DEGADIS Consequence of analysis for Dense gas dispersion visualization of accidental chemical release scenarios & its consequence HAZOP& fault tree For estimating top event Failure frequency data is assessment probability required Pathways reliability and protective system hazard analysis Vulnerability Exposure models For estimating reliability of equipments and protective systems Estimation of population exposure Markov Models Uses probity equation for population exposure F-X and F-N curves Individual / Societal risks Graphical Representation 7.1.3 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Hazard is the characteristic of any system or process which has the potential for accident. Identification of hazards, in the presence of any hazardous waste generating sources within the Project is of primary significance in the analysis, quantification and cost effective control of accidents involving chemicals and process. The typical methods for hazard identification employed are: 1) Identification of major hazardous units based on Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 of Government of India (amended in 2000) Identification of hazardous wastes based on Hazardous Waste 7-9
(Management, Handling and Trans-boundary Movement) Rules, 2008, and its amendments. 2) Hazardous substances may be classified into three main classes namely flammable substances, unstable substances and toxic substances. 7.1.4 HAZARD ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION A preliminary hazard analysis has been carried out to identify the major hazards associated with storages of Hazardous substances in the project. This is followed by consequence analysis to quantify these hazards. Following are the vulnerable zones of accident. 7.1.4.0 Frequent Causes of Accidents 1) Fire and explosion: explosives, flammable materials 2) Being struck by falling objects 3) Caught in or compressed 4) Snapping of cables, ropes, chains, slings 5) Handling heavy objects 6) Electricity 7) Poor illumination 8) Falls from high rise structures 9) Struck by moving objects 10) Slipping on wet surfaces 11) Sharp objects 12) Oxygen deficiency in confined spaces 7.1.4.1 Hazardous Substances and Wastes 1) Heavy and toxic metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, copper, zinc, etc.) 2) Organometallic substances (tributylin etc.) 3) Lack of hazard communication (storage, labeling, material safety data sheets) 4) Batteries, fire-fighting liquids 5) Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) and PVCs 6) Welding fumes 7) Volatile Organic Compounds (solvents) 8) Inhalation in confined and enclosed spaces 7.1.5 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN Disasters may be Manmade Disasters (such as Fires, Terrorism, and Stampede etc) or Natural Disasters (such as earth quake, Tsunami, Flood & Cloud Burst etc). Various criteria for the Natural Disasters and Manmade Disasters have been considered. For Manmade Disasters such as Fires, provisions of the National Building Code of India (NBCI) have been considered and necessary provisions have been made. 7-10
For natural disaster management, there are the Natural Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) at the Centre, Government of India and the State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA) at the State level. For natural disasters, guidelines shall be followed as given in the Vulnerability Atlas of India (Earth Quake, Windstorm, and Flood Hazard Maps and Damage Risk Housing) prepared by the Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC), Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation (MHUPA), Government of India. A Disaster Management Plan (DMP) has been prepared considering the On-Site and Off- Site disasters that can occur during construction and operational phases of the Project. 7.1.5.0 OBJECTIVE OF THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN The main objective of emergency plan is to get prepared for any foreseeable emergency situations and to minimize the damage to the property, environment and human life in these situations. The emergency plan is useful to tackle emergencies such as fire, explosion, major accidents at the project site and natural calamities. This Emergency plan should be periodically reviewed and modified. It should also be changed based on the observations of emergency mock drills and experience of handling actual emergencies. The objective of the Disaster Management Plan is to make use of the combined resources of the project and the outside services to achieve the following: 1) Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties; 2) Safeguard other people; 3) Minimize damage to property and the environment; 4) Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control; 5) Identify any dead; 6) Provide for the needs of the relatives; 7) Provide authoritative information to the news media; 8) Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area; 9) Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the cause and circumstances of the Emergency. In effect, the DMP is to optimize operational efficiency to rescue rehabilitation and render medical help and to restore normalcy. Disaster Management Plan has been prepared considering the following:- 1) Emergency Preparedness Plan, 2) Emergency Response Team, 3) Emergency Communication, 4) Emergency Responsibilities, 5) Emergency Facilities and 6) Emergency Actions. 7-11
1.1.5.1 PROVISION OF ESSENTIAL SERVICES The following provisions are proposed for the project which is expected to be helpful to minimize hazards in the event of disasters. 1.1.5.1.1 STORM WATER DRAINAGE A detailed Storm Water Management has been proposed to be developed for the project. This will incorporate the following management practices which will include: 1) Regular inspection and cleaning of storm drains; 2) Clarifiers or oil/water separators shall be installed in all the parking areas; 3) Cover waste storage areas; 4) Avoid application of pesticides and herbicides before wet season; 5) Secondary containment and dykes in fuel/oil storage facilities; 6) Conducting routine inspections to ensure cleanliness; 7) Preparation of spill response plans, particularly for fuel and oil storage areas; 8) Provision of slit traps in storm water drain; 1.1.5.1.2 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM A state-of-the-art fire fighting system is proposed for the project to prevent and control fire outbreaks. The fire fighting system will consist of portable Fire Extinguishers, Hose Reel, Wet Riser, Yard Hydrant, automatic Sprinkler System, and manual Fire Alarm System. The buildings will also be provided with automatic Fire Detection and Alarm System. 1) Pumps shall be protected with Sprinkler as per NFPA 20 (refer to NFPA 13 for design); 2) DG sets need to be protected with mist as per the applicable regulation (refer to NFPA 750 for design). The fire and safety considerations proposed shall be as per the applicable National Building Code 2016. Important components are mentioned below. 1) Provision of water Sprinklers; 2) Provision of Hose Reels, external Hydrants and Wet Risers; 3) Provision of fire fighting underground Water Storage Tank; 4) Provision of overhead Water Storage Tank on each buildings; 5) Provision of Fire Fighting Pumps; 6) Adequate Fire Extinguishers shall be available for emergency situations; 7) HT and LT Panels shall be protected with manually operated CO 2Protection System; 8) Automatic Sprinklers shall be installed in the entire building; 9) Portable Fire Extinguishers shall be provided at strategic locations; 10) Optical type smoke detectors shall be used in most areas; 11) Automatic fire detection system i.e. Smoke/Heat Detection System shall be provided in the buildings at appropriate places. The system will be connected to the Fire Alarm System; 7-12
12) Rate of rise heat detectors shall be planned for all potentially smoky areas and in the basements; 1.1.5.1.2.0 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM DESIGN The design and planning of Fire Protection System proposed has been detailed below. (1) Reference Standards The Fire Protection System has been designed keeping in view the following criteria: i. National Building Codes of India Part IV ii. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) iii. Rules of Insurance Company & TAC Manual (for reference and guideline). (2) System Description Fire Water Storage Static fire water storage tank for Fire Protection System will be provided. Fire Pumping System The fire pumping system shall comprise of independent electrical pumps for hydrant and sprinkler system, diesel engine driven pump and jockey pump for hydrant and sprinkler system. Fire Hydrant System Internal and external standpipe fire hydrant system shall be provided with landing valve, hose reel, first aid hose reels and complete with instantaneous pattern short gunmetal pipe in the project. The outlet shall be of instant spring lock type gunmetal ferrule coupling for connecting to hose pipe. Provision of flow switch on the Riser shall be made for effective zone monitoring. External hydrant shall be located within 2 m to 15 m from the building to be protected such that they are accessible and may not be damaged by vehicular movement. Sprinkler System The sprinkler system shall be provided with control valves, flow and tamper switches at suitable locations and shall be connected to control module of the fire alarm system for its monitoring and annunciation in case of activation. Wet pipe sprinkler shall be provided for all habitable spaces such as guest rooms, guest room corridors, restaurants, ball rooms/meeting rooms and other public areas. Clean Agent Fire Protection System Clean agent suppression system shall be provided for EPABX and Server Rooms. The system shall comprise of the FM 200 / NAF S III gas module containing required quantity of gas which shall be released when the actuator output is enabled by the fire alarm panel. As per the design consideration, release of the gas shall be within 15 seconds time elapsed 7-13
from the actuation to put out the fire. The room shall be ventilated completely after the release of FM 200 gas/ NAF S III gas, before personnel can enter and work in the area. CO 2 Extinguishing System Trolley mounted Carbon-di-Oxide extinguishing system shall be provided in accordance with local Bye-Laws for transformer room, LT panel room and other critical areas. Hand-held Fire Extinguishers Portable fire extinguishers of Water (gas pressure), Carbon-di-Oxide and Foam type shall be provided as first aid fire extinguishing appliances. These extinguishers shall be suitably distributed in the entire public as well as service areas. 1.1.5.2 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN The overall objective of an Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is to make use of the combined resources at the site and outside services to achieve the following: 1) To localize the emergency and if possible, eliminate it; 2) To minimize the effects of the accident on people and property; 3) Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties; 4) Safeguard other people; 5) Evacuate people to safe areas; 6) Informing and collaborating with statutory authorities; 7) Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control; 8) Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent enquiry into the cause and circumstances of the emergency; 9) Investigating and taking steps to prevent reoccurrence; The ERP is, therefore, related to identification of sources from which hazards can arise and the maximum credible loss scenario that can take place in the concerned area. The plan takes into account the maximum credible loss scenario - actions that can successfully mitigate the effects of losses/emergency need to be well planned so that they would require less effort and resources to control and terminate emergencies. Main hazards identified for the project include hazards pertaining to fires in buildings and fire in diesel storage areas, earthquake and LPG leakage and an ERP pertaining to these is described in the following section. 1.1.5.3 ON-SITE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN The main objective of the plan is to take immediate actions to meet any emergency situation for speedy and efficient rescue and relief operations. The main steps in an On- Site emergency plan are described below: 1) Cordon and isolate the affected area for smooth rescue operation; 2) Rescue and treat casualties and safeguard the rest; 3) Minimize damage to life, property and surroundings; 4) Contain and ultimately bring the situation under control; 7-14
5) Secure and safe rehabilitation of the affected area; 6) Identify any casualty and provide for the needs of the relatives; 7) Provide necessary information to statutory agencies; 8) Provide authoritative information to the news media; 9) Ward off unsocial elements and prying onlookers; 10) Counter rumor mongering and panic by relevant accurate information; The parameters considered are given as follows: 1) To constitute Disaster Management Committee under a senior officer not below the rank of the Project Manager or General Manager; 2) To identify potential hazards areas in the layout map of the Project; 3) To use models to predict hazards impact in the surrounding areas in form of pool-fire or gas leakage; 4) To predict degree of burns and distance of the risk zone by using model; 5) To evacuate the area within the risk zone; 6) To localize the emergency and if possible eliminate it; 7) To minimize the effects of accidents on people and property; 8) To take remedial measures in the quickest possible time to contain the incident and control it with minimum damage; 9) To mobilize the internal resource and utilize them in the most effective way; 10) To get help from the local community and government official to supplement internal manpower and resources; 11) To minimize the damage in other sections; 12) To keep the required emergency equipment in stock at right places and ensure that they are in working condition; 13) To keep the concerned personnel fully trained in the use of emergency equipment; 14) To give immediate warning to the surrounding localities in case of emergency situation arising; 15) To mobilize transport and medical treatment of the injured; 16) To educate the public in the surrounding villages regarding hazards; 17) To arrange treatment of causalities; 18) To safe guard the people; 19) To identify the causalities and communicate to persons known to them; 20) To render necessary help to the concerned; 21) To rehabilitate the area affected; 22) To provide information to media and government agencies; 1.1.5.4 ON SITE DISASTER EMERGENCY TEAM Identification of Responsibilities: The On-Site Disaster Management Plan shall identify the Chief Incident Controller (CIC) who shall be the Chief of the Project (i.e. The Project In- Charge), the support team to the Work Incident Controller (WIC) and Designated Key 7-15
Personnel of Emergency Control Centre. The plan also specifies responsibilities of these personnel in case of an emergency and draws an action plan to be followed. Chief Incident Controller (CIC) and Works Incident Controller (WIC) shall be assisted by two support teams as follows. Table 1.3: Details of Incident Controller Support team to Chief Incident Controller (CIC) Support team to Work Incident Controller (WIC) Emergency Team shall consist of Heads of the Functional Areas (Personnel, Materials and Finance) and shall function In consultation with CIC for the following:-- Contacting Statutory Authorities. Arranging for relievers and catering facilities. Giving information to media. Contacting media centers and Nursing Homes Providing all other support, as necessary. Arranging for urgently required materials through Cash purchase or whatever means. The Team consisting of Chief Supervisor and Facilities Manager and any more persons depending upon the need to assist the WIC in manning communication and Passing Instructions to the Emergency Team. One Steno Secretary shall also be available with WIC for recording all information coming in and instruction passing out. 1.1.5.5 OFF - SITE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN Incidents having Off-Site implications can be: 1) Natural calamities li ke earthquake, cyclone, land slide etc.; 2) Chlorine and other Toxic Gas Leaks; 3) Major Fire involving combustible materials like Oil and Gas spreading from other nearby facilities or installations; 4) Air raids/crashing of aircraft or flying objects. Incidents, which could also lead to a disaster; 5) Agitation/forced entry by external group of people; 6) Sabotage; In an extremely rare event of massive disaster which will have potential to affect areas outside the Project premises, shall need to be informed to the District Authorities responsible for the preparation and implementation of Off-Site Disaster Management Plan. The measures will include - Allocation of duties among the Fire Brigade, Police and Auxiliary Force. An important aspect of the disaster is its unforeseen nature. Thus by definition, a disaster is impossible to control completely. However, occurrence of events which lead to a disaster may be minimized through proper technology, engineering practices and adaptation of available Disaster Management Practices. Under the al (Protection) Act, 1986, the responsibility of preparation of Off- 7-16
Site Emergency Plan lies with the State Government. The Collector, Deputy Collector by virtue of their occupation is normally nominated by the concerned State government to plan Off-Site Emergency Plan. The District Collector or his nominated representative would be the Team Leader of the planning team, who shall conduct the planning task in a systematic manner. The members of the Planning Team for Off-Site Emergencies are Collector, Deputy Collector, District Authorities In-Charge of Fire Services and Police, members drawn from Medical Services, Factory Inspectorate, Pollution Control Board and Industries and Transport Departments. In addition to these members, there are Co-opted Members also from the district authorities concerned, Civil Defense, Publicity Department, Municipal Corporation, and non-officials such as representatives (MPs, MLAs, Voluntary Organizations, NGOs etc). 1.1.5.6 ON-SITE AND OFF-SITE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN To take control of any mishaps, the Disaster Management Plan (DMP) has been formulated for various areas. All the above mentioned instructions can lead to less risk but can't eradicate the possibility of occurrence of any mishap. On-Site and Off-Site Emergency Response Plans have been formulated and key points of the same are as follows: 1) First Aid at site, Safety Officer and a Doctor must be available to give First Aid at the site and proper record for the same must be maintained at the site; 2) Availability of Ambulance at the site for emergency moving of the patients from site to the hospital; 3) Emergency numbers of nearest Hospital, Fire Brigade Office and Police Station must be displayed at the Site Administrative Building and at the Emergency Control Room (Centre); 4) Alarm must be blown in case of any hazard; 5) All the workers and people residing in the project must be aware of the Assembly Point and must reach there in case of any evacuation to be made from the site; 6) The Site Office shall serve as the Emergency Control Room (Centre) in case of emergency; 1.1.5.7 EMERGENCY STRUCTURE AND RESPONSIBILITY As outlined above, the emergency preparedness organizational structure should consist of the following persons: 1) Chief Incident Controller (CIC)--- The Project Chief shall be named as the CIC or the Site Main Controller of the Emergency Control Team; 2) Works Incident Controller (WIC) - The Site Chief Supervisor shall act as the WIC in case of emergency; 3) The Emergency Control Team --- Shall consist of the Heads of Corporate Affairs, Heads of Personnel, Heads of Materials, Heads of Finance, Manager Fire & Safety, Security In-Charge and the Rescue Teams; 4) Manager Safety or Fire &Safety shall be the Coordinator; 7-17
5) Security In-Charge shall be in the Coordination Team; 6) Rescue Team consisting of Maintenance Supervisors and Site Employees specially trained in safety and/or first aid shall be formed; 1.1.5.7.0 ROLE OF CHIEF INCIDENT CONTROLLER (CIC) 1) The CIC shall relieve the WIC of the responsibilities of overall emergency control as soon as he arrives at the site and takes stock of the situation. He will position himself in the Emergency Control Centre and shall thereafter give directions to the Emergency Team from here. The CIC shall be assisted by the WIC and other Emergency Coordination teams; 2) Determines the adequacy of the emergency services; 3) Directs the Emergency Operation from the incident site to localize emergency, keeping in mind the priorities for safety of personnel, least damage to the property and environment thereby minimize loss of materials; 4) Provides the necessary information and advises the Fire and Security Personnel and Local Fire Services as and when they are called; 5) Continuously reviews the situation with the WIC and the Emergency Coordination Team; 6) Keeps concerned Government Agencies informed of the emergency and if necessary arrange information to the outside residents through police; 7) Decides to call off the emergency when everything is OK; 1.1.5.7.1 ROLE OF WORK INCIDENT CONTROLLER (WIC) 1) The Work Incident Controller shall function as the Emergency Incident Controller on to meet the Emergency situation. Once the CIC takes over the emergency situation, WIC along with the other Emergency Team Leaders shall assist the CIC of the responsibilities of directing the Emergency Operations and assisting total control of emergency operations in the affected area; 2) Ensures that the medical aid is promptly provided to the causalities and that their relatives are informed; 3) Organizes evacuation and transportation of personnel from the Assembly Points to a safe location outside; 4) If external help is needed, shall coordinate with outside emergency services like Fire Brigade of the nearest town, Ambulance Centre etc; 5) Ensures that affected personnel are transported to external medical centers to keep constant liaison with these medical centers through the Medical Officer during the course of the emergency; 1.1.5.7.2 ROLE OF MANAGER (SAFETY) / EXECUTIVE (FIRE AND SAFETY) 1) Proceeds to the Emergency Control Centre, establishes contact with Firefighting men and Incident Controller and supplements efforts made in the fire fighting in case of fire and other such emergencies involving people; 2) Assist nurse in providing First Aid to those who are injured; 7-18
3) Mobilizes Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and safety appliances and assists in using them to the personnel handling the emergency; 4) Collects and preserves evidences to facilitate future inquiry; 1.1.5.7.3 ROLE OF SECURITY IN-CHARGE 1) Assumes charge of all external communications in consultation with the Site Main Controller; 2) Takes charge of the EPABX (Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange Board / Box), if available and deputes a trained person (e.g. Security Guard) to man the Board when regular Telephone Operator is off duty and thereby restrict the unnecessary calls; 3) Assumes total control of the storage facility under the direction of the Site Main Controller; 4) Controls traffic movement, removes Truck and Tanker Drivers, if any, gathered at the Site Gate and prevents entry of all non-essential personnel; 5) Cordons off the Incident Site and keeps the site cleared off the observers gathered at the place of the incident; 1.1.5.7.4 ROLE OF TRAINED FIRST AIDER 1) First Aider or the Team shall rush to Emergency Control Point and shall get the feedback from the Site Controller about the emergency; 2) As per the instruction, they must rush to the area of emergency and assess the situation; 3) Approach emergency site quickly with the First Aid Box Kit and other essentials; 4) Diagnoses the situation and decides whether the affected persons shall be moved to the safe area; 5) Moves the injured personnel to the safe place and assists in offering the First Aid as required by the situation; 6) Follows instructions from the Incident Controller; 7) Moves / Transports the causalities to the Ambulance / near to the Medical Centre for necessary medical assistance; 1.1.5.8 RESPONSE IN CASE OF DISASTERS The response procedure for earthquake, LPG leakage, outbreak of fire etc has been discussed in detail as given below. 1.1.5.8.0 RESPONSE IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE Natural disasters such as earthquakes are very catastrophic and devastating in nature depending upon the Seismic Zone I to V in which location of the Project falls. The project site at village Rani Khera, Mundka in NCR Delhi falls in the Zone IV which is very higher Seismic zone. 7-19
1.1.5.8.0.1 RESPONSE PROCEDURES FOR OCCUPANTS 1.1.5.8.0.1.1 IF INDOORS 1) Take cover under a piece of heavy furniture or against an inside wall and hold on; 2) Stay inside: The most dangerous thing to do during the shaking of an earthquake is to try to leave the building in an effort to avoid the falling of probable object; 1.1.5.8.0.1.2 OUTDOORS 1) Move into the open, away from buildings, streetlights, and utility wires. Once in the open, stay there until the shaking stops. 1.1.5.8.0.1.3 IF IN A MOVING VEHICLE Stop quickly and stay in the vehicle. Move to a clear area away from buildings, trees, overpasses, or utility wires. Once the shaking gets stopped, proceed with caution. Avoid bridges or ramps that might have been damaged by the quake. 1.1.5.8.0.2 AFTER-SHOCKS 1) After the quake, be prepared for aftershocks; 2) Although smaller than the main shock, aftershocks cause additional damage and may bring weakened structures down. Aftershocks can occur in the first hours, days, weeks, or even months after the quake. 1.1.5.8.0.3 HELP INJURED OR TRAPPED PERSONS 1) Give first aid where appropriate. Do not move seriously injured persons unless they are in immediate danger of further injury. Call for help; 2) Remember to help those who may require special assistance--infants, the elderly, and people with disabilities; 3) Stay out of damaged buildings; 4) Use the telephone only for emergency calls; 1.1.5.8.0.4 RESPONSE PROCEDURE FOR EMERGENCY TEAM 1) Activate the Emergency Response Team for earthquake response; 2) Using the public address system, inform occupants of response procedures discussed above; 3) Inform the necessary authorities for aid; 4) Ensure that no person is stuck beneath any debris, in case of a structural failure; 5) Ensure that all occupants standing outside near the buildings are taken to open areas; 6) Ensure that the first aid ambulance and fire tender vehicles are summoned if necessary; 7) Inform the nearby hospitals if there are any injuries; 7-20
8) Check the utilities and storage tanks for any damage; 1.1.5.8.1 RESPONSE FOR LPG LEAKAGE 1) Initiate an Emergency Response Team for LPG leakage; 2) Evacuate and cordoned off the affected area immediately; 3) Shut down the main valves in the gas bank; 4) Ensure that only concerned personnel are present in the affected area and all other personnel and visitors are moved to the nearest assembly points; 5) Rescue the trapped personnel. Also, check if any personnel are unconscious in the area and immediately move them outside and provide first aid; 6) Summon Ambulance to take injured personnel to the nearest hospital; 7) Personnel in the nearby buildings to close all doors and windows to prevent entry of the leaked gas; 8) Source of leakage to be traced and isolated from all the other areas. If required, use pedestal fans to bring down the gas concentration; 9) In case of fire, follow the instructions; 1.1.5.8.2 RESPONSE IN CASE OF FIRE 1) Initiate an Emergency Response Team for Fire Fighting; 2) Required response in the event of a fire shall be described in signs located in the lobby; 3) On sighting a fire, it shall be immediately informed to the Manager giving the exact location and type of fire in detail; 4) If the fire is small, engage in extinguishing the fire using the nearest fire extinguisher; 5) Guide the Emergency Response Team staff to the emergency assembly point; 6) The Emergency Response Team shall immediately inform the nearest dispensary and security force. If required, a fire tender shall be summoned; 7) The response team shall immediately move to the point of fire and take all necessary steps to stop the fire. If the fire is not controllable and spreads, then the Manager in charge shall inform the district authorities and call for external help; 8) The Emergency Response Team will provide immediate relief to the injured Occupants at the scene of incident. Any injured persons shall be evacuated on priority to the dispensary or one of the nearest hospitals based on their condition; 1.1.5.8.2.0 INSTRUCTIONS FOR OCCUPANTS IN CASE OF FIRE 1) Get out of buildings as quickly and as safely as possible; 2) Use the stairs to escape. When evacuating, stay low to the ground; 3) If possible, cover mouth with a cloth to avoid inhaling smoke and gases; 4) Close doors in each room after escaping to delay the spread of the fire; 5) If smoke is pouring in around the bottom of the door or if it feels hot, keep the door closed; 6) Open a window to escape or for fresh air while awaiting rescue; 7-21
7) If there is no smoke at the bottom or top and the door is not hot, then open the door slowly; 8) If there is too much smoke or fire in the hall, slam the door shut; 9) Stay out of damaged buildings; 10) Check that all wiring and utilities are safe; 1.1.5.9 HAZARD SPECIFIC MEASURES IN CASE OF DISASTERS A brief of Hazard-specific structural and non-structural measures for disasters caused by flood, earthquake, drought, fire, chemicals and industrial accidents are outlined in the Table 1.4 below. Table -1.4: Brief of Hazard-Specific Structural & Non-Structural Measures Hazard Structural Measures Non-Structural Measures Flood Strengthening/construction of embankments, flood walls. Proper regulation of water storage reservoirs. Drainage improvement in Order to avoid congestion. Inspection, rehabilitation and maintenance programme to ensure that the design capabilities resources are maintained. Earthquake Seismic strengthening of existing structures. Structural safety audit of critical lifeline structure. Earthquake-resistant construction Drought Water management including water harvesting and conservation. Micro-irrigation including drip and sprinkler irrigation. Flood plain zoning to regulate land use in the flood plains. Integrated Water Resource Management such as water resources assessment, socioeconomic assessment, water resources planning, implementation of action Plans, day-today water management (adjustments of the plans) and water resources protection and conservation. Medical preparedness in terms of after-effects of floods requiring medical attention. Development of Rapid Visual Screening procedures and Detailed Vulnerability Assessment. Regular conduction of Fire Safety Audits and Electrical Safety Audits. Public Awareness campaigns. Techno-legal regime for ensuring compliance of earthquake-resistant design and construction practices in all new constructions. Study groundwater availability map in area. 7-22
Fire Chemical & Industrial Accidents Biological Disasters Implementation of all applicable fire safety norms. Creation of appropriate infrastructure as mentioned in Offsite and On-site plans including Public Address system. Enforcement of bio-safety measures in labs Training of community members in fire-fighting techniques. Putting in place audit system. Compulsory fire hazard evaluation of all types of buildings old and new Planning and calendar of evacuation drills/mock drills in vital installations/industrial plants/ government buildings / schools and critical infrastructure like hospitals, etc. Enforcement of fire approvals as per the provisions contained in National Building Code (NBC) 2005 for new constructions. Enforcement of code of practices, procedures and standards. Audits of on-site & off-site Emergency plans at regular intervals Statutory inspection, safety audit and testing of emergency plans Safety auditing Hotline telephone connection with nearby emergency services. Awareness generation among community regarding hazmat Training of specialized medical first aid responders Regular survey and proper maintenance of water supplyand sewage pipeline. Creation of awareness about personal hygiene. Vector control programs. The project site at village Rani Khera, Mundka in NCR Delhi falls in the Zone IV which is very higher Seismic zone as can be seen from the Earthquake Map of the site with a 10 km buffer zone attached at Fig. 1.2. 7-23
8(b) Fig. 1.2: Earthquake Map of Project Site DSIIDC Ranikhera Mundka 7-24