Report of the on David F. Mauldin, Schindler Elevator Corporation, PA [M] (Alt. to Edward A. Donoghue) Fire Doors and Windows Kurt A. Roeper, Ingersoll Rand Security and Safety, OH [M] (Alt. to Thomas R. Janicak) Harold D. Hicks, Jr., Chair Thomas M. Rubright, William S. Trimble Company, Incorporated, TN [M] Atlantic Code Consultants, PA [SE] (Alt. to Keith E. Pardoe) Emmanuel A. Sopeju, Underwriters Laboratories of Canada, Canada [RT] (Alt. to Robert M. Berhinig) James A. Stapleton, Jr., Habersham Metal Products Company, GA [M] (Alt. to Joseph N. Saino) Calvin A. Banning, Framatome ANP, TX [SE] Robert M. Berhinig, Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated, IL [RT] Daniel R. Bernacki, International Door Association, OH [IM] Bruce G. Campbell, Hughes Associates, Incorporated, CO [SE] David S. Cha, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, IL [U] Paul R. Coleman, Sisters of Providence Health Care System, OR [U] Rep. NFPA Health Care Section William Conner, Schuler & Shook, Incorporated, IL [SE] Rep. American Society of Theater Consultants Richard Cookson, The Cookson Company, AZ [M] Rep. American Rolling Door Institute Edward A. Donoghue, Edward A. Donoghue Associates, Incorporated, NY [M] Rep. National Elevator Industry Incorporated (Vote Limited to Elevators) Philip C. Favro, Philip C. Favro & Associates, CA [SE] Jerrold S. Gorrell, City of Phoenix, AZ [IM] Rep. US Institute for Theatre Technology Jeffrey E. Gould, FM Approvals/FM Global, MA [I] Rep. FM Global Wayne D. Holmes, HSB Professional Loss Control, CT [I] Thomas R. Janicak, Ceco Door Products, TN [M] Rep. Steel Door Institute William E. Koffel, Koffel Associates, Incorporated, MD [M] Rep. Glazing Industry Code Nancy L. Kokesh, Intertek Testing Services, NA Incorporated, WI [RT] Curtis Maffett, City of Columbia, SC [E] Richard N. McDaniel, Virginia Dept. of Housing & Community Development, VA [E] Keith E. Pardoe, Door and Hardware Institute, VA [M] Vernon J. Patton, First Energy Corporation, OH [U] Ronald Rispoli, Entergy Corporation, AR [U] Joseph N. Saino, Chase Durus Industries, TN [M] Rep. National Association of Architectural Metal Manufacturers David A. San Paolo, The Maiman Company, MO [M] Rep. Window & Door Manufacturers Association Michael L. Savage, Sr., Middle Department Inspection Agency, Incorporated, MD [E] Michael Tierney, Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association, CT [M] Robert Van Becelaere, Ruskin Manufacturing, MO [M] Anthony W. Yuen, University of California, CA [U] Alternates Robert A. Bullard, Tampa, FL [M] (Member Emeritus) Staff Liaison: Milosh T. Puchovsky Nonvoting Scope: This shall have primary responsibility for documents on the installation and maintenance of fire doors, windows, shutters, and other equipment used to restrict the spread of fire, including arrangements for automatic operation in case of fire. This includes installation to protect buildings against external fire and to restrict the spread of fire within buildings. Vault and record room doors are covered by the Technical on Record Protection. This list represents the membership at the time the was balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classifications is found at the front of this book. The Technical on Fire Doors and Windows is presenting two Reports for adoption, as follows: Report I: The proposes for adoption, a complete revision to NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows, 1999 edition. NFPA 80-1999 is published in Volume 5 of the 2004/2005 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form. When adopted, NFPA 80 will be redesignated as NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives. NFPA 80 has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical on Fire Doors and Windows, which consists of 28 voting members. The results of the balloting, after circulation of any negative votes, can be found in the report. Report II: The Technical proposes for adoption, amendments to NFPA 105, Standard for the Installation of Smoke Door Assemblies, 2003 edition. NFPA 105-2003 is published in Volume 6 of the 2004/2005 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form. John G. Crowther, Framatome ANP, TX [SE] (Alt. to Calvin A. Banning) Michael D. Fischer, Window & Door Manufacturers Association, IL [M] (Alt. to David A. San Paolo) James L. Giles, International Door Association, MN [IM] (Alt. to Daniel R. Bernacki) Steven C. Hahn, Lawrence Roll-Up Doors, Incorporated, CA [M] (Alt. to Richard Cookson) NFPA 105 has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical on Fire Doors and Windows, which consists of 27 voting members. The results of the balloting, after circulation of any negative votes, can be found in the report. 105-1
Air Duct Diameter Minimum Sleeve 105-1 Log #1 Final Action: Accept in Principle or Maximum Width Thickness (Entire Document) in. mm in. gauge NOTE: This proposal appeared as Comment 105-5 (Log #3) which was 12 or less 305 0.018 26 held from F2002 ROC on proposal 105-5. 13-30 330-762 0.024 24 RECOMMENDATION: Reconsider the inclusion of smoke dampers in the 31-54 787-1372 0.030 standard. 22 Add a new Chapter: X-1 Smoke Dampers 55-84 1397-2134 0.036 X-1 Smoke Dampers. 20 X-1.1* Smoke dampers used for the protection of openings in smoke barriers 85 or more 2159 0.047 18 or in engineered smoke-control systems shall be classified in accordance with UL 555S, Standard for Safety Smoke Dampers. A-X-1.1 The designer should specify the leakage class, maximum pressure, maximum velocity, installation mode (horizontal or vertical), and degradation X-1.3.3 Where air ducts pass through walls, floors, or partitions that are required to have a fire resistance rating and where fire dampers are not required, the opening in the construction around the air duct shall be as follows: test temperature of the damper. (1) Not exceeding a 1-in. (2.54-cm) average clearance on all sides X-1.2 Damper Closure. (2) Filled solid with an approved material capable of preventing the X-1.2.1 Smoke dampers shall close upon the detection of smoke in the duct system or from the actuation of area smoke detectors. Exception: *Where combination fire and smoke dampers are located within air ducts that are part of an engineered smoke-control system, fusible links or other approved heat-responsive devices shall have a temperature rating approximately 50 F (28 C) above the maximum smoke-control system designed operating temperature but shall not exceed the UL 555S, Standard for Safety Smoke Dampers, degradation test temperature rating of the combination fire and smoke damper or a maximum of 350 F (177 C). A-X-1.2.1 Exception. The exception to this paragraph in earlier editions applied to fire dampers due to the fact that UL 555S, Standard for Safety Smoke Dampers, which tested combination dampers, was not available. Fire dampers in accordance with UL 555, Standard for Safety Fire Dampers, are listed with maximum 286 F (141 C) links. It is recognized that, in some unusual cases, an engineered smoke-control system can make higher temperature links desirable for proper operation. This arrangement necessitates a case by case consideration and concurrence with the authority having jurisdiction. X-1.2.2 A provision for remote opening of combination fire and smoke dampers, where necessary for smoke removal, shall be permitted. Such dampers shall have provisions that allow them to re-close automatically upon reaching the damper s maximum degradation test temperature in accordance with UL 555S, Standard for Safety Smoke Dampers. X-1.2.3* Dampers shall close against the maximum calculated airflow of that portion of the air duct system in which they are installed. Smoke dampers shall be tested in accordance with UL 555S, Standard for Safety Smoke Dampers. Exception: Where provisions for automatic fan or airflow shutdown, in the event of a fire, are provided. A-X-1.2.3 On closure of certain smoke dampers in smoke-control systems, the total system flow decreases, but the duct velocity at open fire dampers can be as high as roughly 600 percent of the initial duct design velocity. The dynamic airflow and pressure rating of the damper must be adequate for the damper to close under airflow at the damper s closure pressure. The damper face velocity and closure pressure can be approximated by calculation. The calculated values must be specified because UL labels dynamic fire dampers at 1000 ft/min (5 m/sec) increments starting at 2000 ft/min (10 m/sec). X-1.3 Installation. X-1.3.1 The locations and mounting arrangement of all fire dampers, smoke dampers, ceiling dampers, and fire protection means of a similar nature required by this standard shall be shown on the drawings of the air duct systems. X-1.3.2* Smoke dampers shall be installed in accordance with the conditions of their listings and the manufacturer s installation instructions. A-X-1.3.2 Fire dampers Smoke dampers are of no fire protection value unless they remain in place in the protected opening in the event that the ductwork collapses during a fire. To accomplish this, ductwork should not be continuous through a partition opening but instead should connect on each side of the partition to a damper installed in a sleeve or frame secured by perimeter-mounting angles on both sides of the opening, or be installed per the listing of the device. For specific details regarding sleeve thickness, perimeter angle dimensions, size and frequency of fasteners, clearance for expansion, duct-sleeve connections, and fire damper access doors, the manufacturer s installation instructions and SMACNA Fire, Smoke and Radiation Damper Installation Guide for HVAC Systems, should be referenced. Also see 90A Figure A-3-3 Application of penetration requirements. X-1.3.3 The thickness of sleeves for fire dampers shall not be less than that associated with the conditions of rating required by Section X-1. Exception: Where UL 555, Standard for Safety Fire Dampers, permits sleeve thickness to be the same as that of the duct gauge, such thickness shall not be less than that specified in Table X-1.3.3. Table X-1.3.3 Minimum Sleeve Thickness Permitted in Accordance with UL 555 passage of flame and hot gases sufficient to ignite cotton waste when subjected to the time-temperature fire conditions required for fire barrier penetration as specified in, NFPA 251, Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Endurance of Building Construction and Materials. Exception: Where fire dampers are installed, proper clearance for expansion shall be maintained. (See X-1.3.) X-1.4 Air Duct Access and Inspection. X-1.4.1* A service opening shall be provided in air ducts adjacent to each fire damper, smoke damper, and smoke detector. The opening shall be large enough to permit maintenance and resetting of the device. Exception: Removable air outlet or air inlet devices of adequate size shall be permitted in lieu of service openings.(moved from X-1.4.3 below) A-X-1.4.1 Access doors for fire dampers should be located so that the spring catch and fusible links are accessible when the damper is closed. Where the size of the duct permits, the minimum access door size should be 18 in. 16 in. (45.7 cm 40.6 cm). For dampers that are too large for an ordinary person s arms to reach from outside the duct to reset the damper and replace the fusible link, the minimum size for the access door should be increased to 24 in. 16 in. (61 cm 40.6 cm) to allow the entrance of an individual. Access doors should be located as close as practicable to fire dampers and smoke dampers. If feasible, the underside of the duct should be used rather than a side door. Many fire dampers and smoke dampers are preloaded with powerful springs that force the damper to shut. These dampers need to be opened against these springs, which could necessitate the ability to get two arms into the duct. X-1.4.2 Service openings shall be identified with letters having a minimum height of 1/2 in. (1.27 cm) to indicate the location of the fire protection device(s) within. X-1.4.3 Horizontal air ducts and plenums shall be provided with service openings to facilitate the removal of accumulations of dust and combustible materials. Service openings shall be located at approximately 20-ft (6.1-m) intervals along the air duct and at the base of each vertical riser. Exception No. 1: Removable air outlet or air inlet devices of adequate size shall be permitted in lieu of service openings. Exception No. 2: Service openings shall not be required in supply ducts where the supply air has previously passed through an air filter, an air cleaner, or a water spray. Exception No. 3: Service openings shall not be required where all the following conditions exist: (a) The occupancy has no process that produces combustible material such as dust, lint, or greasy vapors. Such occupancies include banks, office buildings, churches, hotels, and health care facilities (but not kitchens, laundries, and manufacturing portions of such facilities). (b) The air inlets are at least 7 ft (2.13 m) above the floor or are protected by corrosion-resistant metal screens of at least 14 mesh (0.07 in.) that are installed at the inlets so that they cannot draw papers, refuse, or other combustible solids into the return air duct. (c) The minimum design velocity in the return duct for the particular occupancy is 1000 ft/min (5.08 m/sec). X-1.4.3 Inspection windows shall be permitted in air ducts provided they are glazed with wired glass. However, service openings shall be provided as required in X-1.4.2. X-1.4.4 Openings in walls or ceilings shall be provided so that service openings in air ducts are accessible for maintenance and inspection needs. X-1.4.5 Where a service opening is necessary in an air duct located above the ceiling of a floor- or roof-ceiling assembly that has been tested and assigned a fire resistance rating in accordance with NFPA 251, Standard Methods of Tests of Fire Endurance of Building Construction and Materials, access shall be provided in the ceiling and shall be designed and installed so that it does not reduce the fire resistance rating of the assembly. X-1.5 Maintenance. At least every 4 years, fusible links (where applicable) shall be removed; all dampers shall be operated to verify that they fully close; the latch, if provided, shall be checked; and moving parts shall be lubricated as necessary. The owner shall maintain a written record of testing and maintenance. 105-2
SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 105 contains provisions for opening protectives Smoke Barrier.* A continuous membrane, either vertical or horizontal, such of all types with the exception of smoke dampers. The scope statement allows as a wall, floor, or ceiling assembly, that is designed and constructed to restrict for the inclusion of any type of protective. With the recent consolidation the movement of smoke. of NFPA 72 and several of the firewater standards, this is a logical change. A-1-4 Smoke Barrier. See also NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, Chapter 6, for Additionally, the conversion of NFPA 105 to a standard provides a place for the additional guidance. inclusion of smoke dampers, where none existed before. Smoke Damper.* A device within the air distribution system to control the These requirements have resided in NFPA 90A where HVAC ducts can have movement of smoke. a damper requirement. Where dampers and not installed in ducts, users are A-1-4 Smoke Damper. Smoke dampers are subjected to various pressure required to know that damper requirements reside in NFPA 90A. differentials, are exposed to elevated temperatures, and can be required to open Inclusion of fire damper requirements in NFPA 105 will consolidate opening or close against mechanically induced airflow. Some such devices are listed in protective requirements for fire barriers in a single document. Changes in the UL Building Materials Directory under the category Leakage Rated Dampers title of NFPA 105 should be considered as a part of this action. Opening (OOYZ). Protectives for Smoke Barriers is a proposed title change. SUBSTANTIATION: These definitions are included to complete action that in Principle brings smoke damper requirements into NFPA 105. See committee action and statement on Proposal 105-12 (Log #CP1). in Principle COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See committee action and statement on See committee action and statement on Proposal 105-12 (Log #CP1). Proposal 105-12 (Log #CP1). COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See committee action and statement on Proposal 105-12 (Log #CP1). 105-2 Log #3 Final Action: Accept in Principle (Title) NOTE:This proposal appeared as Comment 105-1(Log #5 which was held from F2002 ROC on proposal 105-1 RECOMMENDATION: Reconsider the change in the standard title to that originally proposed. SUBSTANTIATION: With the reformatting of the fire doors document by the standards council and the possible inclusion of fire curtains and fire dampers in the future in that document, the inclusion of smoke dampers in NFPA 105 is logical. The standard therefore needs a revised title. The proposed Standard for Smoke Opening Protectives does not tie the document to walls, barriers, or partitions as the original proposed name change inferred. in Principle Revise the title of the document to read Standard for the Installation of Smoke Door Assemblies and Other Opening Protectives. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The committee believes that the document title change more accurately reflects the document s contents. In addition, this action meets the intent of the submitter. 105-3 Log #4 Final Action: Accept in Principle (1.3) 1.3 This standard shall regulate the testing, installation and maintenance of smoke door assemblies. SUBSTANTIATION: Chapter 4 covers both Testing and Installations and should be added to the scope. in Principle Accept the submitter s recommendation with the following editorial revision: 1.3 This standard shall regulate the installation, maintenance, and testing of smoke door assemblies. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Editorial change. 105-4 Log #2 Final Action: Accept in Principle (1.4 Combination Fire and Smoke Damper, Fire Damper, Smoke Barrier, Smoke Damper) NOTE:This proposal appeared as Comment 105-2 (Log #4) which was held from F2002 ROC on proposal 105-7 RECOMMENDATION: Reconsider the inclusion of definitions for dampers. Add the following definitions taken from NFPA 90A: Combination Fire and Smoke Damper A device that meets both the fire damper and smoke damper requirements. Fire Damper.* A device, installed in an air distribution system, that is designed to close automatically upon detection of heat, to interrupt migratory airflow, and to restrict the passage of flame. A-1-4 Fire Damper. Some such devices are listed in UL Building Materials Directory under the category of Fire Dampers (ALBR). 105-5 Log #5 Final Action: Reject (3.3.2 Smoke Door Assembly) 3.3.2 Smoke Door Assembly. Any A combination of a door, frame, hardware, and any other accessories that together restrict are specifically designed to restrict smoke movement through door openings by limiting the amount of air that can pass through the assembly. SUBSTANTIATION: Any combination could refer to a hinge and a door handle, and is not specific enough to convey the intent of a definition. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The committee prefers the current preferred definition of the term smoke door assembly. The committee further notes that each of the individual components that make-up a smoke door assembly as described in the definition are designed to restrict the movement of smoke. 105-6 Log #6 Final Action: Reject (4.1.1) 4.1.1 Fire door assemblies that are intended for use as smoke door assemblies shall also comply with this Standard and NFPA 80 Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows. SUBSTANTIATION: Doors addressed in this section are intended for use as both Fire and Smoke Assemblies, not exclusively for Smoke Assemblies as implied in 4.1.1. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The committee prefers the current code text. The committee does not believe that the recommendation offers any clarification or improvement. 105-7 Log #12 Final Action: Reject (4.3.4) RECOMMENDATION: Revise 4.3.4 to read: 4.3.4* The test shall only be required to be performed at a pressure differential of 25, 50, or and 75 +/- 1.25 Pa (0.1, 0.2, or and 0.3 +/- 0.005 in. of water). 4.3.4.1 Room to corridor doors shall be tested at a pressure differential of 25 +/- 1.25 Pa (0.1 +/- 0.005 in. of water). 4.3.4.2 Smoke Management. Smoke control system, and area of refuge doors shall be tested at a pressure differential of 50 +/- 1.25 Pa (0.2 +/- 0.005 in. of water) without an artificial bottom seal per 4.3.2. 4.3.4.3 Vertical Shaft to corridor or rooms shall be tested at a pressure differential of 75 +/- 1.25 Pa (0.3 +/- 0.005 in. of water) without an artificial bottom seal per 4.3.2. 105-3
SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 105, 1999 in Table 3.2.1 established pressure differentials for different applications that were not carried through in the 2003 edition. Expansion and clarification of testing requirements is justified 105-10 Log #8 (5.2.1.1 and 5.2.1.3) Final Action: Reject in current and past editions of NFPA 105 in Annex notes. The A.1.3.7 note for the Smoke Temperature subsection in the 1999 edition was carried over to the A.3.3.3.2 elevated temperature subsection states: It has been determined from many full-scale fire tests of compartments that the maximum instantaneous pressure differential created by an uncontrolled fire can approach 0.15 in. wg (37.5 Pa). More typically, a pressure differential of 0.06 to 0.10 in. wg (15 to 25 Pa) is achieved over the period of most intense burning in light fire loading occupancies such as residential, health care, and business (offices). In sprinklered buildings where the fire will be controlled, it is anticipated that the maximum pressure differential generated should not exceed 0.05 in. wg (12.5 Pa). Typical stair pressurization systems can often result in pressure differentials as high as 0.25 to 0.50 in. wg (62.5 to 125 Pa) across the door assembly. Stack effect can also play a major role in determining pressure that must be overcome in order to pressurize shafts, such as elevators and stairs, to prevent smoke infiltration. Pressure differentials between the exterior and unvented shafts can range from virtually nothing to as much as 0.5 to 1.0 in. wg (125 to 250 Pa) or more, depending on the location of the building neutral pressure RECOMMENDATION: 1. Revise to read: 5.2.1.1 Smoke door assemblies, hardware and gaskets shall be inspected annually and any deficiencies found shall be corrected in an approved manner. 2. Delete 5.2.1.3. SUBSTANTIATION: 5.2.1.3 is redundant to 5.2.1.1. The added wording of requiring deficiencies to found to be corrected was added to clarify what action need to be taken when found. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The committee believes that the term approved manner would create enforcement problems. Smoke door assemblies are defined as including hardware and other attachments. The committee believes that the current language already addresses the submitter s intent. plane, the height of the building, and the outside temperature. The pressure differentials that can occur dictate what type of opening protective should be utilized. In incorporating the new subsections to air leakage tests there will not be a need to incorporate any new labeling 105-11 Log #9 (5.2.1.6) Final Action: Accept requirements. Designers and code review officials with this new change will have a basis for determining application of doors labeled at 25, 50 or 75 Pa. The requirement for doors used in smoke management areas or for protection of vertical shafts to be tested without the bottom seal taped recognizes that these applications are just as likely to find smoke near the floor level as near the door head. Protection of the full perimeter including the undercut is necessary to prevent the smoke from moving to the area being protected. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The committee does not believe that NFPA 105 should require compliance with all three criteria identified. This would require manufacturers to test to all three criteria which is not necessary. The applicable building code will identify the specific rating (criteria) required for a 5.2.1.6 Records shall be maintained for not less than 1 3 years. SUBSTANTIATION: The records need to be retained for more than 1 year. Records retention for other systems is commonly 3 years. This would bring the records retention for smoke doors the same as many other systems. given application and the appropriate door will need to be provided. 105-8 Log #10 Final Action: Reject (4.4) RECOMMENDATION: Revise Section 4.4 to read: 4.4 Labeling. Smoke door assemblies shall be an S label indicating a maximum air leakage rate of 3 m 3 /min/m 2 (0.3 ft 3 /min/ft 2 ) and the tested pressure differential of 25,50., or 75 Pa (0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 in. of water). Smoke door assemblies tested without an artificial bottom seal in accordance with 4.3.2 shall also bear a P label. SUBSTANTIATION: Section 4.3.2 requires doors for smoke control or smoke management systems to be tested without an artificial bottom seal (no taping). There is not now a method or mark on the door to verify that it has been tested without the artificial bottom seal. The marking of the label with a p: in addition to the S rating will verify the initial installation has the correct door. Subsequent inspections by AHJ s are also helped by the addition of a labeling mark that identifies the correct door was installed. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The committee notes that doors are not currently tested in the manner identified by the submitter s recommendation. It was also noted that it would be difficult for listing and labeling organizations to comply with the recommendation. 105-9 Log #7 Final Action: Accept (5.1) 5.1 This chapter shall cover the care and maintenance of smoke door assemblies. doors. SUBSTANTIATION: The terms; door, smoke door, and smoke door assembly are each used in this chapter. Smoke door assembly is defined and all inclusive. 105-4 105-12 Log #CP1 Final Action: Accept (Chapter 6 (New)) SUBMITTER: Technical on Fire Doors and Windows RECOMMENDATION: Add a new Chapter 6 entitled Installation, Testing and Maintenance of Smoke Dampers to read as follows: NFPA 105 Chapter 6 Installation, Testing and Maintenance of Smoke Dampers 6.1 General. 6.1.1* This chapter covers the requirements of the installation, testing and maintenance of smoke dampers and combination fire and smoke dampers. 6.2 Definitions. 6.2.1 Smoke Damper. A device within an air distribution system to control the movement of smoke. 6.2.2 Combination Fire/Smoke Damper. A device that meets both the fire damper and smoke damper requirements. 6.3 Installation. 6.3.1 Dampers. 6.3.1.1 Smoke dampers shall be installed within 24 inches of the partition and before any branch line or opening other than access panel and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer s installation instructions and the listing. 6.3.1.2 Damper actuator and linkage to operate the smoke damper shall be supplied and installed at the factory. 6.3.2 Dampers equipped with fusible links and/or internal operators shall be provided with an access door that is not less than 12 inches square or provided with a removable duct section. 6.3.2.1 Dampers that are installed behind registers, diffuser or grilles shall be serviceable by removal of these covers. 6.3.2.2 Smoke Damper access panel shall be labeled with the words, Smoke Damper in letters not less than 1 inch in height. External insulation shall not conceal any access panel unless there is a label attached to the insulation clearly indicates the exact location of the access panel, and the insulation is installed for ease of removal or ease of removal with the access panel.
6.3.2.3 Unobstructed access shall be provided through ceiling or wall to gain access for inspection and service of the damper s working parts. 6.3.2.4 Combination Fire/Smoke dampers shall be in accordance with the installation of fire dampers in NFPA 80, Section 6.3. 6.5.12 All documentation shall be maintained by the property owner and available for review by the authority having jurisdiction. 6.6 Maintenance. 6.3.2.5 Smoke detectors used to control smoke dampers or fire/smoke dampers shall be spaced and installed per the requirements of NFPA 72. 6.4 Operational Test. 6.4.1 Smoke and Combination Fire/Smoke Dampers. An operational test shall be conducted after the building s HVAC system has been balanced. 6.4.1.1 The test shall be adequate to determine that the damper has been installed and functions as intended. 6.4.1.2 The operational test shall be conducted under normal HVAC air flow conditions as well as static flow conditions. The damper shall fully close/seal under both test conditions. 6.4.1.3 The operational test shall verify that there are no obstructions to the operation of the dynamic combination damper. 6.4.1.4 The operational test shall verify that there is full and unobstructed access to the dynamic combination damper and all appendatures. 6.4.1.5 All indicating devices shall be verified to work properly and report to the intended location. 6.6.1 Any reports of abrupt changes in airflow or noise from the duct system shall be investigated to verify that it is not related to damper operation. 6.6.2* All exposed moving parts of the damper shall be dry lubricated as required by the manufacturer. 6.6.3 If damper is not operable, repairs shall begin as soon as possible. 6.6.4 Following any repairs, the damper shall be tested for proper operation in accordance with 6.5. 6.6.5 Smoke damper actuation shall be initiated at a time interval recommended by the actuator manufacturer. 6.6.6 All maintenance shall be documented and records shall be retained in accordance with 6.5.10 and 6.5.11. Annex Material A.6.1.1 Smoke dampers are installed in ducts passing through or air outlet openings terminate at smoke barriers, shaft walls, horizontal exit walls, corridor walls, corridor ceilings, and other fire partitions designed to resist the spread of smoke as required by the model building code and other applicable NFPA codes and standards. 6.4.1.6 Combination fire/smoke dampers shall also meet the testing requirements contained in NFPA 80, Chapter 19.3. 6.5 Periodic Inspection and Testing. 6-5.1 Smoke dampers for dedicated and non-dedicated smoke control systems shall be inspected and tested in accordance with NFPA 921. 6.5.2 Each damper shall be inspected and tested annually to insure full operability. 6.5.3 Care shall be exercised to be certain all tests are completed in a safe manner wearing the appropriate personal protective equipment. 6.5.4 Full unobstructed access to the damper shall be verified and corrected as required. 6.5.5 When a combination fire/smoke damper is equipped with a fusible link, it shall be removed for the testing, to ensure full closure and lock-in place if so equipped. 6.5.6 The test shall be conducted with normal HVAC air flow. 6.5.7 The operation of the damper shall verify that there is no damper interference due to rust, or bent, miss-aligned, or damaged frame or blades, or defective hinges or other moving parts. 6.5.8 The damper frame shall not be penetrated by any foreign objects that would effect proper fire damper operations. 6.5.9 The damper shall be verified that they are not be blocked from closure in any way. 6.5.10 The fusible link shall be reinstalled after testing is complete. If the link is damaged or painted, it shall be replaced with a link of the same size, temperature rating and load rating. 6.5.11 All inspections and testing shall be documented indicating the location of the damper, date of inspection, name of inspector and deficiencies discovered. The documentation shall have a space to indicate when and how the deficiencies were corrected. A.6.6.2 Each damper should be examined to ensure that it is not rusted or blocked giving attention to hinges and other moving parts. SUBSTANTIATION: Information on how to properly install, test and maintain smoke dampers is not currently addressed by any NFPA standard and guidance on this subject is needed. In addition, the Standard s Council previously ruled that it is within the scope of FDW-AAA to address opening protectives that accomplish the closure of a fire and / or smoke barrier. The Council further clarified that it is the responsibility of FDW-AAA to address the construction and testing of these opening protectives. 105-13 Log #11 Final Action: Accept (A.3.3.3.2 Elevated Temperature) RECOMMENDATION: Revise A.3.3.3.2 as follows: Stack effect can also play a major role in determining pressure that must be overcome in order to pressurize shafts, such as elevators and stairs, to prevent smoke infiltration. Pressure differentials between the exterior and unvented shafts can range from virtually nothing to as much as 0.5 to 1.0 in. wg (125 to 250 Pa) or more, depending on the location of the building neutral pressure plane, the height of the building, and the outside temperature. The ASHRAE/SFPE handbook, Principals of Smoke Management, 2nd edition, by Klote, Milke addresses smoke management applications including pressurized stairwells, pressurized elevators, and pressure differentials designers are likely to encounter. SUBSTANTIATION: The additional reference in the annex leads the user to a more detailed source of information that includes calculations for smoke movement. 105-5