PECANS PRODUCT OVERVIEW & UPDATES

Presentation Outline List of Dow AgroSciences Pecan Products 2-3 Slides each on new products Closer & IntrepidEdge Who to contact for more info Bonus Slides on Closer Targets 2

Dow AgroSciences Pecan Products Lorsban Advanced Phylloxera, Hickory Shuckworm SpinTor Pecan Nut Casebearer, Hickory Shuckworm, Fall Webworm, & Walnut Caterpillars Entrust organic formulation of SpinTor Intrepid Pecan Nut Casebearer, Hickory Shuckworm, Fall Webworm, & Walnut Caterpillars Enable Scab, Powdery Mildew, Leaf Blotch, Downy Leaf Spot, Gnomonia Leaf Spot, & Vein Spot Closer - new sap-feeding insecticide: aphids, plant bugs,and whiteflies Intrepid Edge new product combing Intrepid and Radiant 3

Intrepid Edge combines the benefits of spinetoram and methoxyfenozide for outstanding Lepidoptera control Spinetoram > Fast acting > Contact & ingestion activity > Primarily larvicide > IRAC MOA Group 5 Methoxfenozide > Slower acting > Ingestion activity > Ovicide and larvide > Longer residual > IRAC MOA Group 18 4

Intrepid Edge BROAD SPECTRUM worm activity Fast KNOCKDOWN and long RESIDUAL ROTATION PARTNER due to unique MOA Convenience no mixing Two modes of action Both actives selective, avoiding potential disruption of beneficial insects will not flare mites or aphids IPM fit, Registered July 2013 Pecan use rate of 4-6.4 oz/acre, up to 3 apps, 14 day PHI 5

Introducing Closer SC Insecticide Closer SC (active ingredient sulfoxaflor) is a novel sulfoximine insecticide with a unique mode of action for control of sapfeeding insect pests, including those resistant to other insecticide classes New class of insecticides (the sulfoximines) Unique mode of action Controls sap-feeding insect pests resistant to other major chemical classes, such as neonicotinoids, organophosphates, and pyrethroids 6

Overview: Closer SC Insecticide Sulfoxaflor is the first insecticidal molecule to be commercialized from the new sulfoximine class of insecticides Sulfoxaflor was discovered by DAS scientists and is proprietary DAS chemistry Closer SC controls sap-feeding insect pests very effective against aphids, plant bugs, and whiteflies Registered in 2013 for use on citrus, pome fruits, tree nuts and vines, vegetables, and other major crop groups 7

Closer SC Insecticide Use Guidelines for U.S. Pecans Use rates (fl oz per acre) 1.5 to 2.75 fl oz for aphids 5.75 fl oz for San Jose scale (suppression only) Use a higher rate in the range for heavy pest populations. Preharvest Interval: Do not apply within 7 days of harvest. Minimum Treatment Interval: Do not make applications less than 7 days apart. 8

In Addition to the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service Additional Information on Dow AgroSciences Products is available at: DowAgro.com Jonathan Bagwell, Sales & Technical Information, 979-324-9373 or JCBagwell@dow.com Gary Thompson, Ph.D., Technical, 870-416-6404 or gdthompson@dow.com Drew Ellis, Ph.D., Sales or Technical, 662-394-5700 or ATEllis@dow.com 9

Sap-Feeding Insect Pests Controlled by Closer SC Insecticide on Pecans 10

5/1/2013 Yellow Pecan Aphid, Monelliopsis pecanis Piercing-sucking mouthparts Yellow or pale yellow, with red eyes Extremely small cornicles ( tailpipes ) Long hairs that stand out from body (except on winged adults) Nymphs Tiny, soft-bodied, wingless Black pigmentation varies, usually more pronounced in the fall Adults Small (3 4 mm), soft-bodied Yellow with little pigmentation Winged adult holds wings roof-like over its body Louis Tedders, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org Jerry A. Payne, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org 11

5/1/2013 Blackmargined Aphid, Monellia caryella Piercing-sucking mouthparts Nymphs Tiny, soft-bodied, wingless Yellow to pale yellow Adults Yellow to pale yellow May be winged or wingless Heavy black margin along the front edge of the front wings and edge of head and thorax of winged forms (markings may be lacking in the spring) Wings held flat over the body Dark bands across most segments of the body in the fall Louis Tedders, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org Louis Tedders, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org 12

5/1/2013 Black Pecan Aphid, Melanocallis caryaefoliae Piercing-sucking mouthparts Nymphs Tiny, soft-bodied, wingless Pear-shaped Pale to dark olive-green, except in early summer when they are yellow-green Adults Black and pear-shaped May be winged or wingless Winged forms are jet black with several white, waxy spots on upper surface of body Wings held tent-like over body Louis Tedders, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org 13

5/1/2013 Life Cycle of Aphids on Pecan Simple metamorphosis egg (overwintering stage) nymphs adult Nymphs hatch from eggs in March and migrate to emerging leaves During the growing season, females reproduce asexually (no males), giving birth to living young (no eggs) Birth to reproducing adult in growing season ~7 days 20 30 generations in a year, and generations overlap Male and female forms appear in the fall, and females lay eggs that overwinter on branches 14

5/1/2013 Damage Yellow Pecan and Blackmargined Aphids Remove water and nutrients from leaves Excrete large amounts honeydew Serves as a food source for sooty mold Shading effect reduces photosynthesis Reduce the flow of nutrients to nuts Can cause entire leaves to turn yellow Jesse Richardson, Dow AgroSciences Results in premature leaf shed Yellow pecan aphids occur later in the season than blackmargined aphids 15

5/1/2013 Damage Black Pecan Aphid Remove water and nutrients from leaves Excrete large amounts honeydew Serves as a food source for sooty mold Shading effect reduces photosynthesis Reduce the flow of nutrients to nuts Cause premature leaf shed Inject a protein toxin that turns the leaf tissue between major veins bright yellow Damaged areas of leaves turn brown and die Infested leaves can fall out Jerry A. Payne, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org Jerry A. Payne, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org 16

5/1/2013 Management: Yellow Pecan and Blackmargined Aphids Natural enemies including lacewings, lady beetles, and spiders may suppress populations Inspect leaves frequently to monitor densities of aphids Orchard should be scouted on a 4- to 5-day schedule Thresholds and recommended application timings vary among different areas James D. Dutcher, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org 17

5/1/2013 Management: Black Pecan Aphid Natural enemies including lacewings, lady beetles, and spiders may suppress populations Black pecan aphids feed singly and can be damaging in low numbers Black pecan aphids often do not require control until late in the season Jerry A. Payne, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org Thresholds vary from 1 3 aphids per compound leaf 18

Closer SC Insecticide Impact on Natural Enemies 19

Closer SC Insecticide Use Guidelines for U.S. Pecans 20

Closer SC Insecticide Use Guidelines for U.S. Pecans (continued) Do not make more than four applications per crop. Do not make more than two consecutive applications per crop. Do not apply more than a total of 17 fl oz of Closer SC per acre per year. Do not apply this product at any time between 3 days prior to bloom and until after petal fall. 22

Closer SC Insecticide Mixing and Adjuvants Potential Combinations Efficacy of Closer SC in mixtures is being investigated. Mixtures may be needed in the marketplace to control other pests. Spray Adjuvants The addition of agricultural adjuvants to sprays of Closer SC may improve initial spray deposition, redistribution, and weatherability. Select adjuvants that are recommended and registered for your specific use pattern and follow their use directions. When an adjuvant is used with this product, Dow AgroSciences recommends the use of a Chemical Producers and Distributors Association certified adjuvant. Always add adjuvants last in the mixing process. 23

Resistance Management Guidelines for Closer SC Insecticide Avoid consecutive use of insecticides on succeeding generations with the same mode of action (same insecticide group) on the same insect species. Consider tank mixtures or premix products containing insecticides with different modes of action (different insecticide groups), provided the products are registered for the intended use. Base insecticide use upon comprehensive IPM programs. Monitor treated insect pest populations in the field for loss of effectiveness. Contact your local extension specialist, certified crop advisor, and/or manufacturer for insecticide resistance management and/or IPM recommendations for specific site and resistant pest problems. 24

Summary Closer SC Insecticide for U.S. Pecans Dow AgroSciences Closer SC will fit into US pecan IPM programs A new molecule from a novel chemical class, with a unique mode of action Controls a broad spectrum of sap-feeding insects, including aphids, psyllids, mealybugs, and scales Minimal impact on beneficial insects Does not flare mites Valuable rotation partner with other chemistries Franklin Bonner, USFS (ret.), Bugwood.org 25

Summary Closer SC Insecticide for U.S. Pecans Use rates (per application): Aphids: 1.5 to 2.75 oz product/a San Jose scale (suppression only): 5.75 oz product/a Jerry A. Payne, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org Louis Tedders, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org 26