Energy Efficiency Standards & Labels for Residential Appliances EES&L 2 nd. Phase Energy Efficiency Standards for Electric Fans Eng. Khaled Zahran City Star Hotel-Cairo 22 May 2014
Electricity Consumption (2000/2001) Commercial 6.2% Residential Sector Electric Consumption Share Governmental & Utility 15.3% Agriculture 4.1% ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (2011/2012) Agriculture 4% Industry 31% Residential 36.8% Industry 37.6% Commercial& Other 8% Agriculture 4% Commercial& Other 8% ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (07/2008) Industry 35% Public Lights 5% Governmental 5% Utility 5% Residential 42% Public Lights 6% Total Electricity Consumption = 134 TWh Residential Sector consumption 56.7 TWh Governmental 5% Utility 4% Total Electricity Consumption = 106.6 TWh Residential Sector consumption 40.3 TWh Residential 38%
Household Appliances *Major Appliances Air conditioner, refrigerator & freezer, washing machine, water heater (gas & electric), air fan, TV, dishwasher, clothes dryer, kitchen electric hot plate, Electric furnace, vacuum cleaner, microwave, iron, and building circulating pump. *Small Appliances Grill, toaster, mixer, DVD/MP3 player, HiFi & home cinema, telephone/answering machine, coffee maker, computer, laptop, printer, scanner, hair dryer.
Appliance Distribution of Countries Applying EES&L for Residential Appliances Country Average Rated Power (Kw) Dishwasher 17 1000 1500 Televisions 16 40 300 Clothes Dryer 15 1200 2400 COUNTRIES 18 17 16 14 12 10 16 15 14 13 13 Air Fan 14 30 100 Microwave 13 600 1500 Electric Hot plate 13 1000 2000 Electric kettles 4 850 2200 8 6 4 2 0 4 4 Building Circulator Pumps 4 350 2500 The most common appliances have EES&L around the world: - Dishwasher - TV - Clothes dryer - Air fan Source: clasponline.org
Rated Power for Some Appliances Small Appliance Average Power (Watts) Coffee maker 800 1200 Toaster 800-1500 Hot plate 1000 1200 Vacuum cleaner 1000 2000 Iron 1000 1500 Heater 750-3000 laptop 20-50 Desktop computer 80-150 printer 100 Typewriter 80-200 CD player 35 Portable stereo 10-30 Satellite dish 30 Electric clock 3
SELECTING CRITERIA FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES A. Degree of saturation B. Share in energy consumption C. Growth rates D. Expected savings E. Operation during peak load period F. International Experience
DEGREE OF SATURATION FOR HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES 160% 150% 140% 120% 110% 100% 80% 60% 55% 40% 20% 20% 20% 10% 10% 0% Air Fan TV Kettle Dishwasher Microwave Electric Hot Plate Clothes dryer
Annual Electric Consumption Share of Household Appliances Kitchen Appliances 3% Dishwasher 11% Television 9% Entertainment/Educat ional 6% Washing Machine 8% Dryer 1% Refrigerator 23% Vacuum Cleaner 4% Iron 3% Air Conditioning 14% Fan 5% Water Heater 13% Electric Fan has about 5% of annual electric consumption among other household appliances Source: Residential Energy Survey & Environmental Indicators in Greater Cairo-DRTPC/ECEP, Cairo University 2000
Growth Rates for Appliances 45% 40% 40% 35% 35% 33% 30% 25% 20% 20% 15% 10% 10% 5% 5% 3% 0% TV Air Fan Dishwasher Kettle Microwave Clothes Dryer Electric Hot Plate The highest growth rates for household appliances: - TV - Air fan - Dishwasher - Kettle
Production Rate (1000 Units) Air Fan Growth Rate 6000 5600 5000 4000 4000 3000 2500 2000 2000 1300 1000 0 2007/2006 2008/2007 2009/2008 2010/2009 2011/2010
APPLIANCES OPERATING LOADS IN PEAK LOAD PERIOD 100% 90% Peak Load Period 90% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 50% 40% 40% 30% 30% 0% Air Fan TV Dishwasher Clothes dryer Kettle Microwave Electric Hot Plate
Run-time of residential fans is mainly observed in the summer peak time compared with other time within the year. This is highly affecting the annual energy consumption and consequently share causing the electric peak load problems. During 2010/2011 - Air Fans Sales rose into about 5.6 million fans. This represented an additional hourly consumed energy of about 340 MWh. - Residential Sector consumption is nearly = 51 TWh - Total Electricity Consumption is nearly = 128 TWh Main Selection Criteria for Electric Fan Fan average electric power 60 watt Number of Residential Customers 20 million Required Electric Generation for fan operation are about 1.2 GW, which is equivalent to 5% from the thermal installed capacity and -in turn- affect the annual electric consumption profile.
RESIDENTIAL ELECTRIC FANS TYPES CONFIGURATION Ceiling Fans Stand Fans Air Flow: 3000-5000 m3/h Rated capacity: 60-100 W Air Flow: 2000-4500 m3/h Rated capacity: 50-70 W Table/Desk Fans Air Flow: 1300-3600 m3/h Rated capacity: 40-60 W Window Fans Air Flow: 2000-4000 m3/h Rated capacity: 40-60 W Mounted Fans (to poles or walls) Air Flow: 1300-3600 m3/h Rated capacity: 40-60 W
Energy Flow Through a Fan System A typical fan system consists of a motor, motor control, mechanical drive, and fan blades. Power flows from left to right, with each component retain a portion of the input energy in terms of component losses as a result of inefficiencies. Energy efficiency of each component is the ratio of the output power to the input power. The fan imparts energy to the air stream by converting mechanical power at the fan shaft to air power at the outlet. Some of the input energy is retained due to aerodynamic losses, mechanical losses (e.g. bearings), and to a much lesser extent acoustic losses. The total efficiency of the fan is given by the ratio of air power to fan shaft power.
Egyptian Standard ELECTRIC CIRCULATING FANS AND REGULATORS Part : 1 (ES: 537-1/ 2011) PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS and CONSTRUCTION PART : 2 (ES: 537-2/ 2005) SAFETY REQUIREMENTS Targeted Energy Efficiency Standards for Circulating Fans (hopefully ES:./2014)
Air Fan International Standard For Minimum Energy Performance Standard Country Type Test Standards International India Ceiling Pedestal Table Ceiling Pedestal Table IEC 60879 Performance and construction of electric circulating fans and regulators IS 374:1979 IS 1169:1967 IS 555:1979 Sir Lanka Ceiling SLS 814:1988 Bangladesh Ceiling Pedestal Table BDS 818 BDS 843 BDS 844 Canada Ceiling CSA C 814-96-1998
Circulating Fans Features of Energy Efficiency Standard Scope (standard sizes of typical common types Ceiling, Table/Desk, Stand, Wall/pole mount, and Window Definitions Rated voltage and frequency (single phase voltage, and standard frequency) Fan Tests (testing energy efficiency parameters) Rated air delivery test for; Ceiling-type Table/pedestal-type Power input measurement test Tolerance on ratings (for voltage, air flow, and input power) Minimum Energy Factor for Electric Circulating Fans Energy level and Energy label
AIR FAN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 60879 FOR MINIMUM ENERGY PERFORMANCE STANDARD International Electrotechnical Commission-IEC 60879 Performance &construction of electric circulating fans & regulators Scope This standard applies to the following types of electric motor directly driven fans and their associated regulators intended for use on single-phase AC and DC circuits not exceeding 250 V: a) Fans for household and similar purposes: ceiling type fans; table type fans; pedestal type fans. b) Fans for use in ships: deck-head type fans; cabin type fans. Wherever applicable the term "fan" used in this standard includes its associated regulator, if any. This standard does not apply to the following types of fans which are covered in separate standards: jet fans (see I E C Publication 535: Jet Fans and Regulators); ventilating fans (see I E C Publication 665: A.C. Electric Ventilating Fans and Regulators for Household and Similar Purposes). This standard does not apply to safety requirements for electric circulating fans and regulators, which are covered by IEC Publication 342: Safety Requirements for Electric Fans and Regulators
Air Fan-Testing Facility/Test Room for the Energy Efficiency Concerns Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Certified Aerodynamic Performance Rating: the standard defines uniform methods for conducting laboratory tests on housed fans to determine airflow rate, pressure, power and efficiency, at a given speed of rotation. Energy Efficiency Factor airflow per watt of power consumed by the motor &controls of the fan. (m3/min) /watt: Cubic Meter per Minute/watt measures air flow efficiency for fans; the higher number, the more efficient the unit.
DETERMINATION OF THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY FACTOR AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY LEVEL M3/MIN/w 1.30 1.20 1.10 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 Wall, Stand & Desk Fans 30 36 41 46 Size (cm) E D C B A I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11 I12 I13 I14 I15 I16 I17 I18 II1 II2 II3 II4 Taiwan
DETERMINATION OF THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY FACTOR & ENERGY EFFICIENCY LEVEL M3/MIN/w 7.00 6.50 6.00 5.50 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 Ceiling Fan 122 132 142 Size (cm) India E D C B A III III1 III3 IIII1 IIII2 India
AIR CIRCULATING FANS MINIMUM ENERGY EFFICIENCY FACTOR Ceiling-Type Fans EEF m = 0.254 X D 0.5 (m 3 /min)/(w) Table & Pedestal-Type Fans EEFm = 0.11 X D 0.5 (m3/min)/(w) Where: EEF m D is the Maximum energy consumption, in kwh is the Fan size
Ceiling-Type AIR CIRCULATING FANS ENERGY EFFICIENCY LEVELS Energy Energy Efficiency Factors (m Level 3 /min)/(w) A > or = 1.80 x EEF m B > or =1.60 x EEF m and < 1.80 x EEF m C > or =1.40 x EEF m and < 1.60 x EEF m D > or = 1.20 x EEF m and < 1.40 x EEF m E > or = (EEF m ) and < 1.20 x EEF m Table & Pedestal-Type Energy Energy Efficiency Factors (m3/min)/(w) Level A > or = 1.60 x EEF m B > or =1.45 x EEF m and < 1.60 x EEF m C > or =1.30 x EEF m and < 1.45 x EEF m D > or = 1.15 x EEF m and < 1.30 x EEF m E > or = (EEF m ) and < 1.15 x EEF m
ENERGY EFFICIENCY LABEL Model Brand name Size of fan Fan Type EEL Monthly Energy Consumption input power (W) x 12 h x 30 day = 1000