Instant Monitoring of Food Quality Applications of spectroscopy from the farm to the fork Dilusha Silva,, This work is supported by various funding bodies, including The Australian Research Council, The Grains Research and Development Corporation, The Defense Science and Technology Organization, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. 1
The W. Prof. Lorenzo Faraone (Head of MRG) W. Prof. John Dell Prof. Brett Nener Prof. Adrian Keating Prof. Giacinta Parish Academic Staff (5 +1) Assoc. Prof. Farid Boussaid Mr. Gino Putrino Ms. Anna Podolska Mr. Moe Susli Mr. Haifeng Mao Mr. D. Tripathi Mr. R. Nachimuthu Mr. Hemendra Kala Mr. A. Choudhary PhD Students (12+) Mr. Ben Cheah Mr. Won Jei Lee Mr. James Sharp Ms. K. Brookshire + Research Staff (11 + 2) Prof. Jarek Antoszewski Prof. John Bumgarner Prof. Mariusz Martyniuk Prof. Gilberto Umana Membreno Prof. Dilusha Silva Assoc. Prof. Wen Lei Assoc. Prof. Ramin Rafiei Assoc. Prof. Thuyen Nguyen Asst. Prof. Nima Akhavan Asst. Prof. Gregory Jolley Asst. Prof. Gu Renjie Asst. Prof. C. Venkatesh Asst. Prof. Yongling Ren Technical Staff Mr. Nir Zvison (Senior Cleanroom Tech.) Ms. Sabine Betts Administrative Staff 2
Overview Spectroscopy and its applications The MEMS microspectrometer Example applications in the food supply chain On farm At distribution/retail outlets In the home 3
Spectroscopy and its applications Measures colour content of light, Examines how the colour content is selectively absorbed/reflected by various materials. Produces an optical fingerprint Spectroscopy finding increasing application in food industry Agriculture (Growth) Process control Not so much in distribution (yet) Not at all in the home (yet) Generally spectrometers are bulky and expensive 10 s of kg ~$50,000 - $100,000 Fragile and sensitive to vibrations Need routine maintenance http://michaeljacksun123.blogspo t.com.au http://kuthirummaln.people.cofc.edu 4
What are MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical Systems Micro-scale mechanisms Can generate motion on the micro-scale Driven Electrically Fabricated using same processes as IC technology http://lennyramirezcrf2.blogspot.com.au/2010/06/proces s-modeling-of-mems-ic-dlpmirror.html http://lennyramirezcrf2.blogspot.com.au/2010/06/processmodeling-of-mems-ic-dlp-mirror.html http://www.princeton.edu/mae/peop le/faculty/soboyejo/research_group/r esearch/mems/ http://www.memx.com 5
MEMS for Spectrometry Initially developed for spectral imaging applications (defence) Wavelength agile detectors for chemical identification Improved target identification and detection Use MEMS technologies to acquire spectral measurements Small and light-weight Robust to vibrations Potentially very low cost (leveraging IC technologies) 6
How does it work? V Incident IR Reflected IR Mirror Silicon Nitride Cavity Length, d Mirror Detector Spectral filters created by separating mirrors a distance 'd Filter tuned by moving top mirror Mirror moved electrically d = 900nm d = 1700nm Transmission 100.0% 75.0% 50.0% 25.0% 0.0% 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 Wavelength (nm) Actuators Bottom electrode Bottom mirror Top mirror Top electrode 7
Example applications 9
Grain drying Present Air pumped through bin/tower containing wet grain Location of moisture front unknown General practice over-estimates drying time to ensure full drying Significant fuel wastage because end point of drying is unknown With MRG Spectrometer Moisture front can be monitored as it moves upwards through the bin Drying can be stopped as soon as moisture front leaves surface of grain pile Saves time, fuel, $$$ http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/cropsyste ms/dc6577.html http://www.agri-systems.com/commercialtower-dryer.php 10 http://www.agri-systems.com/in-bin-dryer.php
Faecal contamination in meat Feacal contamination in meat is: completely unacceptable completely unavoidable Infrared spectroscopy has been shown to successfully detect faecal contamination in poultry However, widespread application is hindered by cost. K. C. Lawrence et al., J. Near Infrared Spectrosc., 11, 269 281 (2003) 11
Other applications Fresh Produce Testing optimal ripeness Testing pesticide contamination Testing for rotten fruit Food forensics Detecting source (Milk, Wine) Detecting contaminants/additives (eg. Melamine in milk) Detecting freshness/expiry Fruit/Vegetables Milk Meat http://tropbrasil.com/en/productive-chain/fruta-saudavel-project/ http://www.winenoviceinfo.com 12 http://www.aspreycreative.com.au/a2-corporation- 2/
And finally the ultimate personal food quality monitor Smart phones commonly contain GPS Compass Accelerometers Camera (still & video) Why not a personal spectrometer incorporated into smart-phone For on-demand testing of: Freshness of produce Tampering/Counterfeit products Contamination Pesticide residues in fruit/veg Allergens in processed products (anaphylaxis) http://www.digitaltrends.com/cell-phonereviews/apple-iphone-5-review/ http://www.tuaw.com/2013/03/27/t-mobile-lte-speed-test-oniphone-5/ 13