Pecan Street Research Institute Pike Powers Lab and Center for Commercialization Data driven insights from the nation s deepest ever customer energy research
Change in peak load 70,000 by customer class Residential 51.2 % 5:15 pm!! March 9, 2011 31,262 MW August 3, 2011 68,416 MW!! 35,000 Residential 27.4 % Small commercial 28.9 % Large C&I 43.7 % Small commercial 25.2 % Large C&I 23.7 % Mar 9, 2011 Aug 3, 2011 Source: ERCOT
Afternoon peak (Texas Interconnect) Spring 31,262 MW Summer 68,416 MW Increase 37,154 MW percent increase 119 %
Percentage of total increase in peak demand Large commercial & industrial 7 % Small commercial 22 % Residential 71 %
Procure more generation Options for meeting increase in demand
Average marginal price of wholesale energy - Aug. 2011! $850 @ 4PM! $/megawatt hour!
Procure more generation Options for meeting increase Ration in demand Change consumption behavior
Green building Influence behaviors Demand management tools Appliance efficiency Feedback systems
Residential consumption
July 31, 2012 Daily electric use: smart meter 1 hour 7,000 3,500 watts 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 24:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
Summer day Single home 1 minute interval * 7,000 5,250 3,500 1,750 watts 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute Other Living Room Always On Refrigerator (KSAC 1) Dryer Master bedroom Bathroom 1 Bedroom 2 Bathroom 2 General Lights 1 Microwave, toaster oven, coffee machine (KSAC 2) Kitchen lights (Kitchen1) Washer Dishwasher Living Room Garage HVAC compressor HVAC air handler * All individual circuits measured using customer HAN device
One year Single home daily electricity use non-seasonal 60 45 30 15 Sep 22, 2012 Fri, Dec 21, 2012 Mar 21, 2013 Jun 19, 2013 Sep 17, 2 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute Refrigerator [KSAC 1] Microwave and toaster oven [KSAC2] Dishwasher Kitchen Lights [Kitchen 1] Living Room- TV [kw] Washer/Dryer Dining Room Garage Plugs 1 Plugs 2 [kw] General Lights 1 [kw] Bedroom- Master [kw] Bedroom 1 [kw] Bedroom 2 [kw] Bathroom 1 [kw] Bathroom 2 [kw]
One year Single home daily electricity use + HVAC 60 45 30 15 Sep 22, 2012 Fri, Dec 21, 2012 Mar 21, 2013 Jun 19, 2013 Sep 17, 2 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute Refrigerator [KSAC 1] Microwave and toaster oven [KSAC2] Dishwasher Kitchen Lights [Kitchen 1] Living Room- TV [kw] Washer/Dryer Dining Room Garage Plugs 1 Plugs 2 [kw] General Lights 1 [kw] Bedroom- Master [kw] Bedroom 1 [kw] Bedroom 2 [kw] Bathroom 1 [kw] Bathroom 2 [kw] AC compressor 1 [kw] Furnace- Air Handler 1 [kw]
kw Four Categories of Electricity Use * Always On Thermal Electric-gas substitute Intentional 7.0 3.5 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute * All individual circuits measured using customer HAN device
Four Categories of Electricity Use Always On 7,000 watts 3,500 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 600 400 200 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
kw Four Categories of Electricity Use Always On Thermal Electric-gas substitute Intentional 7.0 3.5 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
Four Categories of Electricity Use Thermal 7,000 watts 3,500 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 4,700 2,350 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
kw Four Categories of Electricity Use Always On Thermal Electric-gas substitute Intentional 7.0 Electricity use by gas appliances 3.5 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
kw Four Categories of Electricity Use Electric - gas substitutes 12.00 6.00 Electricity use by electric appliances 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
kw Electricity used for a load of laundry gas and electric dryers Electric dryer 38 Gas dryer 6 7.0 3.5 minutes Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
kw Four Categories of Electricity Use Always On Thermal Electric-gas substitute Intentional 7.0 3.5 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
watts Four Categories of Electricity Use Always On Thermal Electric-gas substitute Intentional 7,000 3,500 0 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
Four Categories of Electricity Use Intentional 1,000 500 watts 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute Master bedroom Bathroom 1 Bedroom 2 Bathroom 2 General Lights 1 Microwave, toaster oven, coffee maker (KSAC 2) Kitchen lights (Kitchen1) Washer Dishwasher Living Room Garage
Seasonal variation by individual load watts per square foot 0.750 Air conditioner compressor Clothes Dryer Dishwasher 0.375 Microwave Refrigerator Washing Machine Summer Fall/Winter Spring Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
July 31, 2012 HVAC compressor 8 homes 1-minute interval 4.000 4.000 2.000 2.000 0.000 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Draw 3.91 kw 0.000 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Draw 2.83 kw 4.000 4.000 2.000 2.000 0.000 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Draw 3.84 kw 0.000 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Draw 2.72 kw 4.000 4.000 2.000 2.000 0.000 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 0.000 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Draw 3.47 kw Draw 2.61 kw 4.000 4.000 2.000 2.000 0.000 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Draw 3.18 kw 0.000 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Draw 1.75 kw Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
July 31, 2012 HVAC compressor 8 homes peak hours only Draw 3.84 kw Total Consumption 6.62 kwh Draw 1.75 kw Total Consumption 6.28 kwh Draw 3.91 kw Total Consumption 10.66 kwh Draw 3.47 kw Total Consumption 9.13 kwh Draw 2.61 kw Total Consumption 8.51 kwh Draw 2.83 kw Total Consumption 11.05 kwh Draw 3.18 kw Total Consumption 9.50 kwh Draw 2.72 kw Total Consumption 6.68 kwh Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
Device Top range instantaneous loads Electric dryer ~ 6 kw
Device Top range instantaneous loads Electric dryer Pool pump > 6 kw > 4 kw
Device Top range instantaneous loads Electric dryer Pool pump Electric oven > 6 kw > 4 kw +/- 3.5 kw
Device Top range instantaneous loads Electric dryer Pool pump Electric oven Air conditioner compressor > 6 kw > 4 kw +/- 3.5 kw 1.75-3.9 kw
Device Top range instantaneous loads Electric dryer Pool pump Electric oven Air conditioner compressor EV charger (240 v) EV charger (120 v) > 6 kw > 4 kw +/- 3.5 kw 1.75-3.9 kw 3.3 kw 1.45 kw
Device Top range instantaneous loads Electric dryer Pool pump Electric oven Air conditioner compressor Electric vehicle charger (240 v) Electric vehicle charger (120 v) > 6 kw > 4 kw +/- 3.5 kw 1.75-3.9 kw 3.3 kw 1.45 kw Air handler (HVAC) +/- 0.8 kw
Tools to impact behavior
Adopt Types of behaviors to impact Use Report experiences to others
Variables that impact effectiveness of tools Magnitude and timing
Home 1 minute interval 7,000 5,250 3,500 1,750 watts 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 7,000 5,250 3,500 Dishwasher only 1,750 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
Summer day Whole home + pool pump 9,000 6,750 4,500 2,250 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
Variables that impact effectiveness of tools Magnitude and timing Automated vs. manual Set and forget Default settings
Thermal 0.75 0.56 Watts per square foot Non-green built Green built 0.38 0.19 Aug. 2011 Oct. 2011 Dec. 2011 Feb. 2012 April 2012 June 2012 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
Variables that impact effectiveness of tools Magnitude and timing Automated vs. manual Negative experiences by user
Variables that impact effectiveness of tools Magnitude and timing Automated vs. manual Negative experiences by user Feedback On benefits to end user Diagnostics
Variables that impact effectiveness of tools Magnitude and timing Automated vs. manual Negative experiences by user Feedback Customer ability to respond
Single home 1 minute interval 7,000 5,250 3,500 1,750 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 7,000 5,250 3,500 1,750 Home with AC Home - no AC use HVAC air handler HVAC compressor Garage Living Room Dishwasher Washer Kitchen lights Microwave, toaster oven, coffee machine General Lights 1 Bathroom 2 Bedroom 2 Bathroom 1 Master bedroom Dryer Refrigerator Living Room Always On Other 0 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
Variables that impact effectiveness of tools Magnitude and timing Automated vs. manual Negative experiences by user Feedback Customer ability to respond Thermal efficiency of home
Correlations and findings Compared to green built homes Non-retrofitted homes used 38 percent more electricity for cooling (per square foot)
Correlations and findings Compared to retrofitted homes Non-retrofitted homes used 29 percent more electricity for cooling (per square foot)
Behavior tools Use Adoption / Purchase Time-of-use pricing Demand response AC cycling Thermostat with default setting Seal leaking ducts Buy gas clothes dryer Maintain AC compressor Appliance rebates Learning thermostat Solar panels
Summer day Home + EV Level 2 * 9,000 6,000 3,000 watts 0:00 4:00 8:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute * All individual circuits measured using customer HAN device
When do people charge their cars? 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 Model percent Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
When do people charge their cars? 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 Pricing Trial percent Model percent Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
When do people charge their cars? 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 Source: Pecan Street Research Institute Pricing Trial percent Not pricing trial percent Model percent
Average daily solar PV generation (normalized) South generation 24.83 kwh West generation 26.00 kwh West + South 25.16 kwh
Peak daily solar PV generation (normalized) South generation 6.77 kwh West generation 10.08 kwh West + South 7.96 kwh
Peak hours rooftop solar PV generation: west vs. south West generation 49 percent more West + South 18 percent more
August 7, 2013 Peak demand impact of west-facing rooftop solar PV 9 6 3 0-3 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 Back to grid PV Gen consumed in home (kw) Grid supplied electricity Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
August 7, 2013 Peak demand impact of west-facing rooftop solar PV 9 Peak 9.00 6 6.75 4.50 3 2.25 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 0.00 Whole home electricity use Portion provided by electric grid Source: Pecan Street Research Institute
Peak demand reduction from rooftop solar PV West facing PV 65 percent West + South 57 percent South 54 percent
Peak hours: Use in home vs. sent back to grid In-home Back to grid West facing PV 84 percent 16 percent West + South 80 percent 20 percent South 78 percent 22 percent