DRAFT MALAYSIAN STANDARD 15A009R4 STAGE : PUBLIC COMMENT (40.20) DATE : 01/05/2016-30/06/2016 Oil palm seeds for commercial planting - Specification (Fourth revision) OFFICER/SUPPORT STAFF: (SSM / sat) ICS: 65.020.20 Descriptors: oil palm seeds, commercial planting, specification Copyright 2016 DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA
Contents Page Committee representation...ii Foreword... iii 1 Scope... 1 2 Terms and definitions... 1 3 Requirements... 3 4 Packaging and labelling... 4 5 Sampling... 4 6 Legal requirements... 5 7 Certification mark... 5 Annex A Controlled pollination... 6 Annex B Annex C Annex D Selection requirements of parent palms for commercial DxP seeds production 7 Heat treatment of seeds..10 Germination test for heat treated seeds 11 Annex E Determination of moisture content... 12 Annex F Germination of seeds... 14 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2016 - All rights reserved i
Committee representation The Industry Standards Committee on Agricultural (ISC A) under whose authority this Malaysian Standard was developed, comprises representatives from the following organisations: Department of Agriculture Malaysia Department of Fisheries Malaysia Department of Standards Malaysia Department of Veterinary Services Farmers Organisation Authority Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority Federation of Livestock Farmers' Associations of Malaysia Forest Research Institute Malaysia Malaysia Fruit Exporters Association Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute Malaysian Association of Standards Users Malaysian Palm Oil Association Malaysian Rubber Board Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry Malaysia Ministry of Plantation Industries and Commodities National Seed Association Malaysia SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat) Universiti Putra Malaysia The Technical Committee on Planting Materials, which supervised the development of this Malaysian Standard, consists of representatives from the following organisations: Department of Agriculture Malaysia Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute Ministry of Urban Wellbeing, Housing and Local Government Seng Kee Fruit Nursery Sdn Bhd Sin Seng Huat Seeds Sdn Bhd SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Universiti Putra Malaysia The Working Group on Oil Palm Seed which developed this Malaysian Standard was managed by the Malaysian Palm Oil Board and consists of representatives from the following organisations: Applied Agricultural Resources Sdn Bhd Crops For the Future Research Centre Felda Global Ventures Research and Development Sdn Bhd Kulim (M) Bhd Malaysian Palm Oil Board Malaysian Palm Oil Board (Secretariat) Pertubuhan Peladang Negeri Johor Sawit Kinabalu Sdn Bhd Sime Darby Research Sdn Bhd Sime Darby Seeds & Agricultural Services Sdn Bhd University College Agriculture Malaysia United Plantations Bhd Universiti Teknologi Mara ii STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2016 - All rights reserved
Foreword This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Working Group on Oil Palm Seed managed by the Malaysian Palm Oil Board, which is supervised by the Technical Committee on Planting Materials under the authority of the Industry Standards Committee on Agriculture. Major modifications in this revision are as follows: a) the terms and definitions including examples of known pedigree materials have been updated; b) the requirements for packaging and labelling have been amended according to the current practice; c) the requirements described in Annex B for selection of parent palms for commercial DxP seed production have been entirely revised; and d) the results for germination test for heat-treated seeds described in Annex D have been revised. This Malaysian Standard cancels and replaces MS 157:2005, Specification for oil palm seeds for commercial planting (Third revision). Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2016 - All rights reserved iii
Oil palm seeds for commercial planting - Specification 1 Scope This Malaysian Standard specifies the quality requirements, packaging and labelling for oil palm seeds for use in commercial planting. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 oil palm seed Seed of Elaeis guineensis produced from a cross between dura palm and pisifera palm (DxP). 2.2 heat treated seed Seed which has undergone a specific heat treatment process to fully satisfy its pre-germination requirements. 2.3 germinated seed Seed which has been allowed to germinate under suitable conditions to a stage where the radicle and plumule are discernible. 2.4 batch All seeds of a group of progenies completing heat treatment in any one day. 2.5 consignment Quantity of seeds dispatched or received at any one time and covered by a particular contract. 2.6 moisture content The amount of moisture in the seed. 2.7 pedigree Ancestry or family tree with known information of its identity and parental relationships for one or more generations. 2.8 known pedigree A palm is of known pedigree if the identity and parental relationships of its immediate ancestors are known. EXAMPLE BM119, AAR0127, URT, Cam 2/2311, W(T) 1, Yangambi L718T and L238T. STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2016 - All rights reserved 1
2.9 unknown pedigree A palm is of unknown pedigree if the identity and parental relationships at its immediate ancestors are unknown. EXAMPLE wild germplasm collections and open-pollinated materials. 2.10 parent palms Selected palms (dura and pisifera) used to produce commercial DxP seeds. 2.11 performance The performance of a parental palm refers to its value as a parent of its tenera offspring based on the information derived from progeny testing. 2.12 known performance A parent palm is of known performance if yield and bunch components of its tenera offspring are available. 2.13 unknown performance A parent palm is of unknown performance if yield and bunch components of its tenera offspring are not available. 2.14 inbred Palms derived from selfing or sib mating of immediate parents. 2.15 progeny testing Field evaluation of the tenera progenies derived from DxP or DxT or TxD or TxT or TxP crosses involving selected palms. 2.16 dura palm Palm bearing thick shelled fruit (Sh + Sh + ) w i t h o u t t h e p r e s e n c e o f a f i b r e r i n g e n c i r c l i n g t h e n u t that breeds true-to-type when selfed or c r os s e d with the same fruit form. 2.17 pisifera palm A palm bearing shell-less fruit (Sh - Sh - ) and is involved in progeny testing of DxP or TxP. 2.18 tenera palm A palm bearing thin shelled fruit (Sh + Sh - ) with the presence of a fibre ring encircling the nut. 2 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2016 - All rights reserved
3 Requirements 3.1 Seed production 3.1.1 Seeds shall be produced from crosses between selected dura (female) and selected pisifera (male) parents under controlled pollination as described in Annex A. 3.1.2 Seeds may only be taken from selected parents in accordance with the requirements described in Annex B. 3.2 Preparation and storage of seeds 3.2.1 After detachment of fruits from the bunch, the mesocarp is removed from the fruits (depericarped). The seeds are then clean-washed and air-dried to a suitable moisture content for storage or heat treatment. 3.2.2 Fresh seeds may be stored at 17 % to 20 % moisture content in a well-ventilated room at ambient temperature for short periods of up to six months, or alternatively for longer periods in a suitable air-conditioned room. 3.2.3 The seeds derived from individual bunches shall be identified and stored separately. 3.3 Seed quality 3.3.1 General Oil palm seeds produced shall be in accordance with the requirements given in either 3.3.2 or 3.3.3. 3.3.2 Heat-treated seeds 3.3.2.1 The seeds sold as heat-treated seeds should have undergone the treatment as described in Annex C. 3.3.2.2 The seeds shall meet the requirements given in Table 1. Parameter Table 1. Requirements for heat-treated seeds Requirement for samples at source prior to dispatch Recommended test method Germination, %, min. 70 Annex D Moisture content, % (dry weight basis) 17 to 20 Annex E 3.3.2.3 There shall be no indication that germination has proceeded to take place in any batch, or consignment of seeds sold as heat-treated seeds at source prior to dispatch. 3.3.2.4 The seeds shall be free from physical defects, pathological infection and infestation by insects or other pests at source prior to dispatch. STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2016 - All rights reserved 3
3.3.3 Germinated seeds 3.3.3.1 The seeds sold as germinated seeds should have undergone treatment as described in Annex F. 3.3.3.2 The seeds shall be free from physical defects, pathological infection and infestation by insects at source prior to dispatch. 3.3.3.3 The emerged embryo of the germinated seeds shall be at a stage where the radicle and plumule have differentiated, but the radicle should not exceed 3 cm in length at source prior to dispatch. 4 Packaging and labelling 4.1 Packaging 4.1.1 The seeds shall be packed in a manner such that desiccation or injury of the seeds in transit is minimised. 4.1.2 The seeds should at all stages of transit or storage be maintained between 20 C and 30 C and at normal atmospheric pressure. 4.1.3 The seeds shall be given a suitable prophylactic treatment in accordance with the sanitary and phytosanitary requirements, where applicable. 4.2 Labelling All packages of seeds shall be labelled with the following: a) name, address, telephone and facsimile number of producer; b) address of exporter or shipper; c) llicense number of producer; d) germinated seeds or heat-treated seeds; e) seed type; and f) the word "perishable". 5 Sampling The method of sampling shall be carried out according to the procedure as agreed upon between the certification body and the seed producers. 4 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2016 - All rights reserved
6 Legal requirements The seeds shall in all other aspects comply with the requirements of the legislations currently enforced in Malaysia. 7 Certification mark Each product may by arrangement with a recognised certification body, be marked with the certification mark of the product which conforms to the requirements of this standard. STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2016 - All rights reserved 5
Annex A (normative) Controlled pollination A.1 Minimum measures for production of DxP seeds The following are the minimum necessary measures for the production of DxP seeds. a) The female inflorescence selected from the dura parents shall be isolated at least seven days prior to receptivity. b) Male pisifera inflorescence shall be isolated at least five days prior to anthesis, and the pollen collected shall be protected from foreign pollen contamination. c) The selected male and female inflorescence shall be cleaned prior to isolation. Surface sterilisation, using an appropriate agent such as 2 % absolute formalin, shall also be carried out to kill any stray or foreign pollen on or in the vicinity of the inflorescence. d) The female inflorescence shall be properly isolated and protected from foreign pollen contamination before, during and at least four weeks after controlled pollination. e) Precautions and measures shall be taken such that all equipment used in the controlled pollination procedure is not likely to be contaminated. A.2 Level of DxP purity With the strict adherence to the above procedures, at least 95 % level of DxP purity is expected. 6 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2016 - All rights reserved
Annex B (normative) Selection requirements of parent palms for commercial DxP seeds production B.1 General The selection requirements will differ depending on the type of material used as a source of parent palms for commercial DxP seed production. B.2 Materials of both known pedigree and performance B.2.1 The following are the minimum requirements for the tenera in the progeny test. a) The selected materials should meet the following yield parameters. i) Fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield, min.: 170 kg/p/yr (See NOTE). ii) Oil to bunch (O/B) ratio, min.: 25 %. iii) Kernel to bunch (K/B) ratio, min.: 3 %. iv) Oil yield, min.: 46.5 kg/p/yr. b) The FFB yield values shall be derived from at least four consecutive years of recording. c) The bunch component values shall be derived from a minimum of 50 bunches involving at least 30 palms per DxP cross or five bunches per palm from at least ten palms per DxT or TxD or TxT or TxP cross. NOTE. kg/p/yr denotes kilogram per palm per year. B.2.2 The following are the minimum requirements for the dura parent palms. a) The selected materials should meet the following yield parameters. i) Fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield, min.: 150 kg/p/yr. ii) Mesocarp to fruit (M/F) ratio, min.: 57 %. iii) Shell to fruit (S/F) ratio, max.: 33 %. iv) Kernel to fruit (K/F) ratio, min.: 5 %. v) Oil to dry mesocarp (O/DM) ratio, min.: 75 %. vi) Oil to bunch (O/B) ratio, min 19 %. STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2016 - All rights reserved 7
b) The FFB yield values shall be derived from at least four consecutive years of recording. c) The bunch component values shall be derived from a minimum of three bunches per palm. d) FFB yield for the dura parents may be ignored if the material is inbred. B.3 Materials of unknown pedigree but known performance B.3.1 The following are the minimum requirements for the tenera in the progeny test. a) The selected materials should meet the following yield parameters. i) Fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield, min.: 170 kg/p/yr. ii) Oil to bunch (O/B) ratio, min.: 25 %. iii) Kernel to bunch (K/B) ratio, min.: 3 %. iv) Oil yield, min.: 46.5 kg/p/yr. b) The FFB yield values shall be derived from at least four consecutive years of recording. c) The bunch component values shall be derived from a minimum of 50 bunches from at least 30 palms per DxP cross. d) Standard DxP or appropriate link crosses may be used to show the potential of DxP planting materials. B.3.2 The following are the minimum standards required for the dura parent palms. a) The selected materials should meet the following yield parameters. i) Fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield, min.: 170 kg/p/yr. ii) Mesocarp to fruit (M/F) ratio, min.: 57 %. iii) Shell to fruit (S/F) ratio, max.: 33 %. iv) Kernel to fruit (K/F) ratio, min.: 5 %. v) Oil to dry mesocarp (O/DM) ratio, min.: 75 %. vi) Oil to bunch (0/B) ratio, min.: 19 %. b) The FFB yield values shall be derived from at least four consecutive years of recording. c) The bunch component values shall be derived from a minimum of five bunches per palm. 8 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2016 - All rights reserved
B.4 Materials of known pedigree but unknown performance B.4.1 The minimum requirements for tenera in the progeny test are only for inbreds and biparental derived from parents of known pedigree and performance shall be used as the parent palms for commercial DxP seed production in accordance to B.2.1. B.4.2 The following are the minimum standards required for the dura parent palms. a) The selected materials should meet the following yield parameters. i) Fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield, min.: 170 kg/p/yr. ii) Mesocarp to fruit (M/F) ratio, min.: 57 %. iii) Shell to fruit (S/F) ratio, max.: 33 %. iv) Kernel to fruit (K/F) ratio, min.: 5 %. v) Oil to dry mesocarp (O/DM) ratio, min.: 75 %. vi) Oil to bunch (0/B) ratio, min.: 19 % b) The FFB yield values shall be derived from at least four consecutive years of recording. c) The bunch component values shall be derived from a minimum of five bunches per palm. d) FFB yield for the dura parents may be ignored if the material in inbred. B.5 Materials of both unknown pedigree and performance Materials of both unknown pedigree and performance shall not be used for commercial DxP seed production STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2016 - All rights reserved 9
Annex C (normative) Heat-treatment of seeds The heat treatment of seeds shall be as the following. a) Seeds undergoing heat-treatment should have 17 % to 20 % moisture content. b) Seeds should be contained in a polythene bag or plastic tray or plastic container. c) Heat-treatment should be at a temperature of 40 C ± 3 C for a period of 40 days to 60 days. d) Each bag of seeds or plastic tray should be properly labelled for identification during heat treatment. 10 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2016 - All rights reserved
Annex D (normative) Germination test for heat-treated seeds D.1 Sampling D.1.1 Sampling should be on per batch basis, to obtain a minimum sample of 1 200 seeds or 2 % of the batch, whichever is smaller. A representative quantity of seeds shall be taken from each bag or plastic tray. D.1.2 The test sample should be properly labelled. D.2 Procedure D.2.1 Four replicates of 100 seeds should be tested from each sample. D.2.2 Seeds of individual samples are soaked in water to raise the moisture content to a minimum of 22 %. D.2.3 When the required moisture content is attained; the seeds of each sample shall be contained in a closed polythene bag or plastic tray for germination under ambient conditions. D.3 Germination counts D.3.1 Germination counts should be carried out at regular intervals. D.3.2 During each germination count or inspection, un-germinated seeds may be sprayed with a mist of water if drying out is observed. D.3.3 The germination of seeds may be terminated prior to a prescribed 60 days when the analyst is satisfied that maximum germination has been obtained. D.4 Results The germination percentage is calculated as follows: No of germinated seeds Germination, % = x 100 Total no of seeds STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2016 - All rights reserved 11
Annex E (normative) Determination of moisture content E.1 Sampling E.1.1 Random sampling should be done. E.1.2 The size of sample should be of 20 seeds per individual bag or plastic tray after drying or heat-treatment. E.1.3 The sample should be properly labelled. E.2 Precautions E.2.1 The determination of moisture should be carried out as soon as possible when sample is received as the moisture content may change due to respiration of the seeds. E.2.2 The sample should be kept in a closed container at all times. E.2.3 The sample should not be ground. E.3 Equipment E.3.1 Electric oven, with adequate ventilation and thermostatic control which allows the temperature to be maintained at 105 C 2 C. E.3.2 Container, of non-corrosive metal with sides rounded at the base, having a flat bottom, and fitted with a cover. E.3.3 E.3.4 Desiccator, with a suitable desiccant is required when cooling the sample. Balance, which gives accurate weighing in grammes to two decimal places. E.4 Procedure Weigh the container with its cover. Place the sample in the container, replace the cover and weigh again. Place the container on top of its cover in an oven pre-heated to 105 C. The container should be placed in the oven immediately to limit the loss of heat. After the drying period of at least 48 h, cover the container immediately while removing from the oven and place it in a desiccator to cool and then weigh the container with its contents and cover. 12 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2016 - All rights reserved
E.5 Results The moisture content (MC) is expressed on a dry weight basis (as a percentage) using the following formula: W2 W3 MC, % = X100 W W 3 1 where W1 W2 W3 is the weight, expressed in grammes, of the container and its cover; is the weight, expressed in grammes, of the container, cover and content before drying; and is the weight, expressed in grammes, of the container, cover and content after drying. E.6 Alternative method Alternative method for moisture determination may be used if it is well correlated with this standard. STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2016 - All rights reserved 13
Annex F (normative) Germination of seeds F.1 Procedure F.1.1 The seeds are soaked in water to raise the moisture content to a minimum of 22 %. F.1.2 When the required moisture content is attained, the seeds are placed in polythene bags or plastic trays for germination under ambient conditions. F.1.3 Each bag or plastic tray of seeds should be properly labeled for identification. F.2 Germination counts F.2.1 Germination counts should be carried out at regular intervals. Inspection for germinated seed may be carried out at more frequent intervals if necessary. F.2.2 During each germination count or inspection, un-germinated seeds may be sprayed with a mist of water if drying out is observed. F.2.3 The germination of seed may be terminated prior to the prescribed period when satisfied that maximum germination has been obtained. F.3 Results The germination percentage of each lot, batch or consignment shall be calculated as follows: No of germinated seeds Germination, % = x 100 Total no of seeds 14 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2016 - All rights reserved
Acknowledgements Members of Technical Committee on Planting Materials Dr Izham Ahmad (Chairman) Ms Nor Azian Duriat (Secretary) Ms Sudarti Asri/ Mr Mohd Anim Hosnan Mr Esa Ahmad/ Mr Meor Saadon Sofian Mior Razali Mr Mohd Shaib Jaafar Mr Soo Kok Leong Mr Freddie Soh Prof Dr Normah Mohd Noor Members of Working Group on Oil Palm Seed Dr Ahmad Kushairi Din (Chairman) Dr Meilina Ong Abdullah (Secretary) Mr Wong Choo Kien Prof Dr Soh Aik Chin Cik Dr Sharifah Shahrul Rabiah Syed Alwee/ Dr Tan Joon Sheong/ Ms Sheryl Leao Ling Jiun Mr Mohd Isa Zainol Abidin Dr Ravigadevi S/ Dr Rajanaidu N/ Dr Mohd Din Amiruddin/ Mr Noh Ahmad/ Mr Zamzuri Ishak/ Ms Norziha Abdullah Ms Zuraini Shaharudin Universiti Putra Malaysia SIRIM Berhad Department of Agriculture Malaysia Ministry of Urban Wellbeing, Housing and Local Government Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute Seng Kee Fruit Nursery Sdn Bhd Sin Seng Huat Seeds Sdn Bhd Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Malaysian Palm Oil Board Malaysian Palm Oil Board Applied Agricultural Resources Sdn Bhd Crops For The Future Research Centre Felda Global Venture Research and Development Sdn Bhd Kulim (M) Bhd Malaysian Palm Oil Board Sawit Kinabalu Sdn Bhd Mr Musa Bilal Mr Mohd Nasir Ngah Prof Dr Ghizan Saleh Dr Xaviar Arulandoo/ Ms Heamaashini Nadarajah/ Mr Mohan Subramaniam Prof Dr Mohamad Osman Sime Darby Research Sdn Bhd Sime Darby Seeds & Agricultural Services Sdn Bhd University College Agriculture Malaysia United Plantations Bhd Universiti Putra Malaysia STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2016 - All rights reserved
Copyright 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the Department of Standards Malaysia.