Home Studies & Home Design Junior Certificate Home Economics
Shelter Shelter is a home which protects us from the weather etc. It is a basic need. It provides us with a safe, secure and private environment in which to live.
A Home A home does more than provide us with shelter It provides us with feelings of protection and security. It is warm, comfortable and relaxing. It should cater for our physical, emotional and social needs.
Needs Physical Needs: Food, warmth, shelter, clothes Emotional Needs: Love, Security, Protection, Privacy Social Needs: Learn to interact with others, learn how to communicate, learn to share, learn how to behave in society
Types of Home Depending on the money available, people chose a home which suits their needs. House may be bungalow, 2 storey etc and Flat/Apartment vary in size design, usually self-contained.
Types of Home Bedsitter one room subdivided into separate areas Caravan/Mobile Home can be temporary or permanent Sheltered Housing Schemes purpose built, specially designed for elderly or handicapped
Choice of Housing is Influenced by: Cost Size Location Style
Design A design is a plan or sketch for the production or making of something. It is made up of lines and shapes which form a pattern.
Characteristics of Good Design: Attractiveness Safety Durability Functionality
Features of Design: Colour Texture Line Shape Pattern
Colour Colour in a room is important because: - It can have an effect on emotions of the occupants - As well as textures and patterns, can influence the atmosphere of the room
The Colour Wheel
Colours can be described as: Warm warm, cosy sitting room Reds Orange Pink Cool use in warm sunny rooms Blues Greens
Colours can be described as: Neutral maybe used as a background for stronger colours Black White Beige Cream Pastel soft shades, restful. Used in bedrooms and nurseries. Blue Green Yellow Pink
Tint & Shade Tint: when a colour is lightened by adding white Shade: when a colour is darkened by adding black
Texture Feel or touch of an object Examples: smooth, rough, silky etc Smooth eg tiles are hygienic Rough eg carpet usually warmer
Shapes Shape refers to the outline of an object. Basic shapes are square, circle, rectangle, triangle. There are many more eg oval, diamond etc
Line Often used to create an optical illusion by appearing to change the shape of something Various types: - Diagonal - Horizontal - Curved - Vertical
Pattern Pattern adds variety and contrast Should not be over-used as can make a room fussy or crowded looking However a room with no pattern may look boring
Design Principles Balance when all parts work well together well balanced & attractive Emphasis drawing attention to a particular feature in a room. Adds interest & variety Proportion all pieces of furniture are of similar size and suit the room Rhythm repeated use of colour, patter, texture. Gives harmony and unity to a room.
Room Planning Purpose of planning & designing room: - Create a home which is comfortable and attractive - Allows people to carry out day to day activities in a safe and efficient way
Guidelines for Room Planning Function of the room what is it used for? Size & Shape of the room Position of doors & windows, fixtures eg fireplace Aspect (direction room is facing) this influences amount of natural light Furniture & Storage should be appropriate for size and function of the room Traffic Flow allow space for people to move around.
A well planned room is: Comfortable Attractive Functional Safe Well lit Well heated Properly ventilated Easy to clean and tidy
Floor Plans A floor plan is a sketch of a room drawn to scale on graph paper It shows the position of objects in the room Furniture can be drawn and cut out to decide on a suitable room layout
Floor Plans
When decorating a room: 1. Decide on a colour scheme 2. Choose a floor covering 3. Remove all furniture & fittings from room 4. Carry out necessary structural repairs 5. Sand down / wash down surfaces 6. Decorate in the following order: ceiling, woodwork, walls 7. Lay the floor covering and arrange the furniture
Priorities in Kitchen Planning: Hygiene Sufficient storage Efficiency Good lighting Safety Good ventilation (fresh air)
The Work Triangle Most of the walking in the kitchen is done between the sink, cooker and fridge. If these three appliances are placed fairly close together, in an imaginary triangle, they cut down on the amount of walking, saving time and energy.
The Work Triangle
Work Sequence (Order) Food preparation follows a natural sequence: 1. Food storage 2. Preparation 3. Washing 4. Cooking 5. Serving
Work Sequence (Order)
Kitchen Surfaces Worktops: need to withstand heat and constant use. Need to be hygienic. Examples: laminated plastic & granite Walls: Ceramic tiles or washable paint Floors: should be hardwearing and easy to clean. Examples: vinyl and ceramic tiles
Ventilation There is a lot of heat and steam created in the kitchen through cooking, washing etc Bacteria thrive in these warm, moist conditions Therefore it is essential to have good ventilation
An open window is not enough, you need an extractor fan or cooker hood
Ventilation is necessary for: To remove steam Remove stale air Lower the temperature Remove bacteria Remove cooking fumes eg smells Prevent condensation