UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA FIRE ALARM MONITORING SYSTEM (FIREAMS) This report submitted in accordance with requirement of the Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor Degree of Engineering Technology (Telecommunication) (Hons.) by MUHAMMAD SHAHRIL BIN SAFARIM B071210194 930416-08-5257 FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY 2015
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA TAJUK: Fire Alarm Monitoring System (FIREAMS) SESI PENGAJIAN: 2015/16 Semester 1 Saya MUHAMMAD SHAHRIL BIN SAFARIM mengaku membenarkan Laporan PSM ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut: 1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis. 2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis. 3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi. 4. **Sila tandakan ( ) SULIT TERHAD (Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia sebagaimana yang termaktub dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972) (Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan) TIDAK TERHAD Disahkan oleh: Alamat Tetap: No 19, LRG AMAN 8, TMN AMAN, KG. BAHAGIA, 36000, TELUK INTAN, PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN Tarikh: Cop Rasmi: Tarikh: ** Jika Laporan PSM ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh laporan PSM ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD.
FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN Tel : +606 234 6623 Faks : +606 23406526 Rujukan Kami (Our Ref) : Rujukan Tuan (Your Ref) : Pustakawan Perpustakaan UTeM Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka. 01 JAN 2015 Tuan/Puan, PENGKELASAN LAPORAN PSM SEBAGAI SULIT/TERHAD LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN PEMBUATAN (COURSE NAME): AAA BIN BBB Sukacita dimaklumkan bahawa Laporan PSM yang tersebut di atas bertajuk Development of Integrated Failure Mode And Effect Analysis (l-fmea) For Automotive Industry mohon dikelaskan sebagai *SULIT / TERHAD untuk tempoh LIMA (5) tahun dari tarikh surat ini. 2. Hal ini adalah kerana IANYA MERUPAKAN PROJEK YANG DITAJA OLEH SYARIKAT LUAR DAN HASIL KAJIANNYA ADALAH SULIT. Sekian dimaklumkan. Terima kasih. Yang benar, Tandatangan dan Cop Penyelia * Potong yang tidak berkenaan NOTA: BORANG INI HANYA DIISI JIKA DIKLASIFIKASIKAN SEBAGAI SULIT DAN TERHAD. JIKA LAPORAN DIKELASKAN SEBAGAI TIDAK TERHAD, MAKA BORANG INI TIDAK PERLU DISERTAKAN DALAM LAPORAN PSM.
DECLARATION I hereby, declared this report entitled Fire Alarm Monitoring System (FIREAMS) is the results of my own research except as cited in references. Signature :. Author s Name : Muhammad Shahril Bin Safarim Date : 17 December 2015 iv
APPROVAL This report is submitted to the Faculty of Engineering Technology of UTeM as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering Technology (Telecommunication) (Hons.). The member of the supervisory is as follow: (Project Supervisor) v
ABSTRAK Tajuk projek adalah Fire Alarm Monitoring System (FIREAMS). Projek ini digunakan untuk membangunkan system yang menggunakan Arduino dan mengesan pengesan asap yang aktif. Jabatan Bomba boleh melihat status pengesan asap selagi mereka memantau aplikasi tersebut. Ia bertujuan untuk mengurangkan kadar kematian disebabkan mangsa tidak dapat bertindak balas terhadap pengesan asap yang aktif. Dengan sistem ini, ia dapat membantu pengguna dalam pelbagai aspek, terutama untuk memberitahu Jabatan Bomba, jadi mereka boleh mengambil langkahlangkah awal. Pelaksanaan perkakasan dalam projek ini adalah pengesan asap, Arduino Mega dan Router tanpa wayar. Hasil daripada projek ini amat berguna untuk dilaksanakan di rumah dan industry. Ini dapat membantu dalam pengesanan asap dan memberi amaran kepada pekerja yang berada didalam bangunan dan orang yang berada di sekeliling bangunan tersebut.. vi
ABSTRACT This project title is Fire Alarm Monitoring System (FIREAMS). The project is used to develop a proof of concept application that runs on a Arduino software and detects an activated smoke alarm. Otherwise, Fire department can be notifying the smoke reading status as long as they are monitoring this application. It is designed to reduce the possibility of death by persons unable to respond to an activated alarm. Through this system, it can help users in many aspects, especially to notify the Fire Department and send a so they can take early steps. The hardware implementation in this project is a Arduino Mega, Ethernet shield and Wi-Fi router. The result from this project is useful to be implemented in home and industry. vii
DEDICATION I would love to dedicate this to my beloved parents, family and friends who have supported me through all the ups and down journey and have been a wonderful source of motivation and inspiration for me in order to complete this project. viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to all those who gave me the possibility to complete this report. A special thanks to my final year project supervisor, Mr. Hasrul Nisham Bin Rosly, who has helped me simulating suggestions, giving a lot of encouragement and also helped me to coordinate my project especially in writing this report. I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of the staffs of the electronic laboratories, who gave the permission to use all required device, equipment and all the suitable materials to complete my project. A special thanks goes to my family and friends as well, who have help me to completing the surveys and giving ideas on how to complete the project. Last but not least, I also would like to appreciate the guidance given by other supervisors as well as the panels especially in our project presentation that has improved our presentation skills through their comments and tips. ix
TABLE OF CONTENT Abstrak Abstract Dedication Acknowledgement Table of Content List of Tables List of Figures List Abbreviations, Symbols and Nomenclatures vi vii viii ix x xiii xiv xvi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Project Background 1 1.2 Objective of Project 2 1.3 Problem Statement 2 1.4 Scope of Project 3 1.5 Project Significances 3 1.6 Project Outline 3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1 Smoke Detector System 5 2.1.1 Smoke Alarm Type 6 2.1.1.1 Photoelectric Smoke Alarms 6 2.1.1.2 Ionisation Smoke Alarm 7 2.1.1.3 Carbon Monoxide Alarm 7 2.1.1.4 Alarms for The Hearing-impaired 7 2.1.1.5 Special Mode; for Kitchen and Relocatable Homes 7 2.1.1.6 Heat Alarms 8 2.2 MQ-2 Smoke Sensor Circuit Built With an Arduino 8 2.2.1 Code for Arduino MQ-2 Smoke Sensor Circuit 9 2.3 Arduino Mega 10 x
2.4 Type of Arduino 11 2.5 Arduino Ethernet Shield 14 2.6 Flamable Gas & Smoke Sensor MQ-2 15 2.7 NetGear Wi-Fi Router (WGR614) 16 2.8 Wi-Fi Versus Bluetooth 17 2.9 Liquid-Crystal Display 19 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 20 3.1 Introduction 20 3.2 Major Steps in Implementing the Project 21 3.2.1 Planning 22 3.2.2 Analysis 22 3.2.3 Implementing 22 3.2.4 Test 23 3.2.5 Block Diagram 23 3.3 Method of Collecting Data 25 3.4 The Flow Chart of FIREAMS 26 3.5 Project Resource 27 3.5.1 Development of Arduino Mega 27 3.5.1.1 Technical Specification 28 3.5.2 Development of Ethernet Shield 29 3.5.3 Development of Wi-Fi Router 31 3.5.4 Development of MQ-2 Smoke Alarm 33 3.5.5 Development of Liquid-Crystal display 34 3.5.6 Wires 35 3.6 Software Development 36 3.6.1 Arduino IDE 36 3.6.2 Eclipse IDE 36 3.7 Budget and Costing 37 3.7.1 Direct Cost 37 3.7.2 Software Cost 38 xi
CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION 39 4.1 Project Hardware Layout 39 4.1.1 Component Connection 40 4.2 Hardware Setup 41 4.2.1 Project Prototype 41 4.3 Result 43 4.3.1 Fire Alarm Monitoring System 43 4.3.2 LCD Display 44 4.4 Project Analysis 47 4.4.1 Factor of Volume Over Time 47 4.4.2 Factor of Gas Distance over Time 48 4.4.3 Smoke Reading on Different type of Smoke 49 4.5 The Configuration of Ether Shield 50 4.6 Discussion 51 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 53 5.1 Conclusion 53 5.2 Recommendation 54 REFERENCES 55 APPENDICES A Code for FIREAMS System xii
LIST OF TABLES 2.1 Comparison of Bluetooth and Wi-fi 18 3.1 The Technical Specification of Arduino Mega 28 3.2 Pin Connection Between Mega And Ethernet Shield 30 3.3 Status light descriptions 33 3.4 Direct Cost 38 3.5 Software Cost 38 4.1 Time Taken For Each Different Size of Box 47 4.2 Time Taken For Each Different Distance of Gas Applied 48 4.3 Smoke Level on Different type of Smoke 49 xiii
LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 The Coding for Arduino MQ-2 Smoke Sensor 9 2.2 The overview of Arduino Mega 11 2.3 The Front View of Arduino Uno R3 12 2.4 The Front View of Arduino Leonardo 13 2.5 The Front View of Arduino Due 13 2.6 The Front View of Arduino Mega 14 2.7 The Front and Back View of Ethernet Shield 15 2.8 The Pinout of MQ-2 16 2.9 The Overview of NetGear Wi-Fi Router 17 3.1 Major Step of the Process Flowchart 21 3.2 The Block Diagram of Project 23 3.3 System Design of FIREAMS 24 3.4 The Overall Process of Development Project 26 3.5 The Pinout of Arduino Mega 28 3.6 The Pin Attachment of Mega and Ethernet Shield 30 3.7 Ethernet Shield pinout 31 3.8 WGR614 v6 Front Panel 32 3.9 Router Setup 32 3.10 The Connection of MQ-2 with Arduino 33 3.11 The connection of LCD to Arduino 35 3.12 Connecting wires 35 3.13 Arduino Logo 36 3.14 Java Eclipse logo 37 4.1 The Connection of Arduino With The Component 40 4.2 Component Setup on Board 40 4.3 Process in Setup the Prototype 41 xiv
4.4 The Back View of Prototype 41 4.5 Front View of Prototype 42 4.6 The Overview of Prototype 42 4.7 Project Prototype of Fire Alarm Monitoring System 43 4.8 Fire Alarm Monitoring System which Has Been Develop 43 4.9 The System Notify Fire Department 44 4.10 The LCD Displayed Selamat Datang 45 4.11 The LCD Displayed Jabatan Bomba Malaysia 45 4.12 The Smoke level reading appear 46 4.13 The Gas Applied to MQ-2 Smoke Detector 46 4.14 Volume Versus time Taken 48 4.15 Factor of Gas Distance 49 4.16 Configuring Ethernet Shield 50 4.17 Coding for the Layout of Website System 52 xv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS, SYMBOLS AND NOMENCLATURE UTeM - Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melak SDK - Software Development Kits API - Application Programming Interface FIREAMS - Fire Alarm Monitoring System IDE - Integrated Development Enviroment Mbps - Mega bits per second IRED - Infra Red IO - Input Output xvi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION As a final year student of the Faculty of Engineering Technology (FTK), the final year project gives an opportunity to me as a student, a chance to practice and use all the possible knowledge and skills that we have gained throughout the whole expedition starting from the first semester until the last semester. Also with the gain along the academic session which consists of theory and practical will definitely help in solving problems throughout the project in order to be a better student and a good technologist. 1.1 Project Background In everyday life, safety systems are emphasized. There are several types of security such as, safety in the workplace and the most important is the safety at home. This is because safety is paramount at home today. One of the facts that should be emphasized is the fire problem at home. Based on the statistics of accidents caused by fire in the house, the number of deaths is increasing, one reason is natural increase in age related hearing loss and the younger demographic only having mobile phones and due to the lack of early fire detection. Therefore, the case has been forwarded to create a project that will help reduce the risk of death from fires. In addition, this project will reduce the losses to be incurred by the victim. So the idea is to solve the problem of the occurrence of fires by creating a project called FIREAMS. This prototype is to show the operations of the project. 1
The concept of this project is to inform and notify fire department if fire occurs and would make an early step direct to the location. The main brain of this project is Arduino Mega. MQ-2 Smoke Detector is used to detect the smoke level. If these hazardous smoke or gas level exceeds normal level that is above 300, then an alarm is generated immediately, and notifies the Fire Department through Fire monitoring websites that has been built. 1.2 Objective of Project The objectives of this project are: i. To develop a website with an application that can alert and notify the Fire Department ii. To design an application that can measure the smoke level iii. To create a secure website that can be monitor for preventing any possible accident. iv. To identify the compatibility of the device and the application with Android platform. 1.3 Problem Statement Changes in population demographics and lifestyle choices have led to an increased risk of higher mortality from house fires. 87% of fire damages occur due to lack of early fire detection. This cause by the aging population with its natural increase in age related hearing loss and the younger demographic only having mobile phones and no land-lines means there is a need for alternative warning methods of smoke alarm activation. In this era of globalization, the problem of fire occurs in home is widespread and should be prevent immediately. By creating a FIREAMS, the aim is to reduce these cases, due to the existing system have disadvantage for users because the system just provide a sound (alarm) to detect emergencies. The project is to notify the Fire Department to avoid from any lack of an early detection. This system can prevent the fire occurs because Fire Department can take fast actions 2
if they receive a notification from the website. This project aims to reduce the risk of death due to fire occurs and damage of stuff at home. Fire Department can be notified as long as they monitor the website. 1.4 Scope of Project In this report, this project only focus on developing the FIREAMS by using Arduino programming as the core programming in order to develop the web base application. This project also covered the part of troubleshooting and configuring the Wi-Fi router in order to build the LAN network among the Ethernet shield, router and laptop. In order to build this project, the scope is developed within these areas: 1. Study the system and the technology of Arduino. 2. Develop and analyse the controlling device. 3. Simulate the circuit and construct circuit by using Proteus software. 1.5 Project Significance This project will bring good significance to many people especially in Malaysia. The project will aim all the authorities especially Fire Department and give them an early fire detection in making sure the safety of the community is their top priority. Therefore this project will significantly reach to Fire Department in Malaysia to be more aware about the incident that might happen. Other than that, this project will help Fire Department to do their job which is to save and rescue with giving them early fire detection before the incident is getting worse that have potential to cause injury or death. 1.6 Report Outline The target from this project is able to develop a proof of concept application that runs on the web page monitored by Fire Department and detects an activated smoke alarm. Plus, the purpose is to provide a smoke detector system that will improve more efficiently and a need for alternative warning methods of smoke alarm 3
activation. Furthermore, this application will be able to reduce the number or percentage of death or injury by persons unable to respond to an activated alarm. In this report structure, the short explanation for each chapter would be discussed. Chapter 1 : The first chapter introduces brief idea of the project. It focused on the introduction of the project, detailing the objectives, the problem statement, work scope, project methodology and expected outcome of the project. Chapter 2 : Literature review about project. The method, concept, theory and some characteristics of component or hardware are used in this project. This chapter contains a definition of terms used throughout the report. Chapter 3: The third section is methodology chapter. This chapter explains the procedure taken throughout the project. Methodology chapter is a schedule or steps that need to be completed. A detail report of studies is done to achieve aimed objectives. Chapter 4 : All the simulations, data collection and analysis obtained were discussed in details. The results were compared with the outlined objectives. Chapter 5: Conclusions are detailed out in this chapter. It is followed by some recommendations on how to improve the performance of the system based on the achieved results 4
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW This section basically will be described about previous study based on this project. It provides a study of hardware used by others researchers in order to use it on this project. Firstly, this section will discussed about the system used for this project and will be followed by the hardware use for the project. 2.1 Smoke Detector System A smoke detector is a device that detects smoke, normally as an indicator of fire. Commercial security devices issue a sign to a fire alarm control panel as major of a fire alarm system, while household identifiers, known as smoke cautions, generally issue a neighbourhood capable of being heard or visual alarm from the detector itself. Smoke detectors are commonly housed in a circle formed plastic fenced in area around 150 millimetres (6 in) in diameter and 25 millimetres (1 in) thick, however the shape can vary by maker or product line. Most smoke detectors work either by optical detection (photoelectric) or by physical process (ionization), while others use both detection methods to expand sensitivity to smoke. Sensitive alarms can be utilized to detect, and consequently discourage, smoking in areas where it is banned. Smoke detectors in huge business, industrial, and private structures are usually powered by a central fire alarm system, which is powered by the building power with a battery reinforcement. But, in many single-family disconnected and 5
smaller multiple family lodgings, a smoke alarm is regularly powered only by a single disposable battery. Roughly 30 percent of these alarms are assessed to not work, because of aging, removal of batteries, or failure of owners to change dead batteries. In the United States, the National Fire Protection Association evaluates that almost 66% of deaths from home fires happen in properties without working smoke detectors. 2.1.1 Smoke Alarm Type Research demonstrates that photo-electric smoke alarms may be more compelling at distinguishing smouldering fires and fires beginning in areas remote from smoke alerts, and that ionisation smoke alarms may be more effective at recognizing flaming fires. Both sorts of fires may occur in structures where people sleep. It is suggests where possible that photo-electric smoke alarms are installed in paths of travel between sleeping areas and exits to the outdoors or to common corridors. Some smoke alarms can also screen levels of carbon monoxide. These alarms generally utilized sound to alert occupants of fire. Other methods for cautioning occupants include alarms with emergency lights, alarms for the Deaf and Hearing Impaired and unique models for kitchens and relocatable homes. Photoelectric Ionisation Carbon monoxide Alarms for the Deaf and Hearing Impaired Special models for kitchens and relocatable homes Heat alarms 2.1.1.1 Photoelectric smoke alarms Photoelectric smoke alarms 'see' the smoke. They identify visible particles of burning, for example smouldering cigarette smoke. They respond to an extensive 6
variety of fires, but they are particularly responsive to smouldering fires and the thick smoke given off by foam filled furnishings or overheated PVC wiring. 2.1.1.2 Ionisation smoke alarms Ionisation smoke alarms 'feel' the smoke. They distinguish invisible particles of burning, for instance from cooking toast. They activate more rapidly for fast, flaming fires with minimal obvious smoke. 2.1.1.3 Carbon monoxide alarms Carbon monoxide alarms are not smoke alarms and do not fullfil the legislation. They may be utilised in addition to smoke alarms for increased warning. Individuals can't see it, taste it, or smell it, yet low levels of carbon monoxide can make individuals wiped out and abnormal states can slaughter. Carbon monoxide is a byresult of combustion. Machines, such as heaters, ovens, and cooktops which burn gas, oil or wood can discharge carbon monoxide. While carbon monoxide alarms are broadly used overseas to check the sheltered operations of central heating systems, they are yet to be commonly used for the detection of fire in the home. Carbon monoxide alerts are in addition to a working ionisation or photoelectric smoke alarm. They should not be used as the sole smoke alarm. 2.1.1.4 Alarms for the hearing-impaired There are particular smoke alarms available for people who are deaf or have a hearing loss disease. These have a flashing strobe light and/or a vibrating pad that can be placed under the pillow which activate when the smoke alarm sounds and are intended to interconnect with conventional audible alarms in distinctive locations within the home. If one of the alarms senses smoke, all alarms will sound, the strobe will streak and the vibrating pad will work. 7
2.1.1.5 Special models for kitchens and relocatable homes Smoke alarms specifically outlined for confined areas like relocatable homes and kitchens are available from hardware and specialty stores. 2.1.1.6 Heat alarms There are some locations in the home where smoke alarms may not be suitable, eg kitchen. In these regions the legislation allows a heat alarm to be used in lieu of a smoke alarm. 2.2 MQ-2 Smoke Sensor circuit built with an Arduino This is a sensor that is not only sensitive to smoke, but also to flammable gas. The MQ-2 smoke sensor reports smoke by the voltage level that it yields. The more smoke there is, the more the voltage that it outputs. On the other hand, the less smoke that it is exposed to, the less voltage it outputs. The MQ-2 additionally has an implicit potentiometer to adjust the sensitivity to smoke. By altering the potentiometer, it can change how sensitive it is to smoke, so it's a form of calibrating it to adjust how much voltage it will put out in relation to the smoke it is exposed to. It will be wire the MQ-2 to an Arduino so that the Arduino can read the measure of voltage output by the sensor and sound a buzzer if the sensor outputs a voltage above a certain limit. This way, the person will know that the sensor is recognizing smoke and it will sound a buzzer alerting a person such as a homeowner to this fact. Components Needed for Arduino Smoke Sensor Circuit MQ-2 Smoke Sensor Arduino board Buzzer 8