The U.S. Appliance Standards Program Building Technologies Office Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy United States Department of Energy
AGENDA 1 2 3 IMPACT OF APPLIANCE STANDARDS PROGRAM HISTORY AND OBJECTIVES PROGRAM ELEMENTS AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 4 STANDARDS ON THE BOOKS AND UNDER DEVELOPMENT 2
STANDARDS SAVE BIG: MONEY AND ENERGY $58 Billion The annual utility bill savings to consumersfrom standards promulgated to date in 2014. This amounts to nearly $250 per household per year in energy bill savings. $1.8 Trillion The cumulative utility bill savings to consumersfromstandards are estimated to be over $960 billion through 2020, growing to nearly $1.8 trillion through 2030. 128 quadrillion Btu The cumulative energy savings of standards promulgated to date will be about 70 quadrillion British thermal units (quads) of energy through 2020, and will amount to nearly 128 quads through 2030 more than 1 year s worth of US energy use. 3
2014 ACCOMPLISHMENTS - STANDARDS 10 Final Rules The number of final rules issued by DOE in 2014 the most ever in one calendar year. DOE also issued 8 final rules for test procedures. $78 billion The cumulative utility bill savings to consumersfromstandards issued in 2014 are estimated to be $78 billion through 2030. 435 million metric tons The cumulative carbon emissions savings through 2030 equivalent to the emissions of electricity use of 60 million homes in one year. 4
STANDARDS SAVE BIG: PRODUCT PROFILE Over60covered products Consumer Commercial and Industrial 90% of residential energy use covered Lighting Plumbing 60% of commercial energy use covered 30% of industrial energy use covered 5
MANUFACTURER BENEFITS FROM STANDARDS Benefits to Manufacturers of Federal energy efficiency standards include: Reducing the regulatory burden on appliance and equipment manufacturers by pre-empting a potential patchwork of state standards with a single Federal standard. Regulatory streamlining enhances industry competitiveness, profitability and its ability to protect and create jobs. Lowering the costs of innovative energy efficient technology by facilitating their entry into the market and providing economies of scale. Providing repeatable and enforceable test procedures that enhance the ability to test the performance of newer technologies and create a level playing field for all manufacturers, foreign and domestic. 6
APPLIANCE EFFICIENCY GAINS DUE TO STANDARDS The Standards Program has helped drive remarkable gains in the energy efficiency of household appliances and equipment, resulting in large energy bill savings. A typical new refrigerator uses one-third the energy than in 1973 despite offering 20% more storage capacity and being available at half the retail cost. A typical new clothes washer uses 70% less energy than the typical 1990 model. A typical new dishwasher uses more than 40% less energy than the typical 1990 model. A typical new air conditioner uses about 50% less energy than the typical 1990 model. 7
AGENDA 1 2 3 IMPACT OF APPLIANCE STANDARDS PROGRAM HISTORY AND OBJECTIVES PROGRAM ELEMENTS AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 4 STANDARDS ON THE BOOKS AND UNDER DEVELOPMENT 8
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA), 1975 Set test procedures, conservation targets (followed by standards if targets are not set) and appliance labeling National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA), 1987 Set standards and schedule for DOE to conduct rulemakings Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005) Set standards and schedule for DOE to conduct rulemakings Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007) Set standards, added stand-by power, and 6- year look-back provision National Energy Policy Conservation Act, 1978 Amended EPCA from targets to standards NAECA amendment, 1988 Added Fluorescent ballasts Energy Policy Act of 1992 Amended EPCA to expand coverage to certain commercial and industrial equipment American Energy Manufacturing and Technical Corrections Act of 2012 (AEMTCA 2012) Added coverage for other types of motors and 6- year look-back for certain ASHRAE products 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 9
EPCA Criteria for Setting Standards LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS DOE must follow specific statutory criteria for prescribing new and amended standards for covered equipment 42 USC 6295(o)(2)(A) requires that any new or amended energy conservation standard prescribed by the Secretary for any type (or class) of covered product shall be designed to achieve the maximum improvement in energy or water efficiency, which the Secretary determines is technologically feasible and economically justified. In deciding whether a proposed standard is economically justified, DOE must determine whether the benefits of the standard exceed its burdens. DOE must make this determination after receiving comments on the proposed standard. DOE may not adopt any standard that would not result in the significant conservation of energy. DOE may not prescribe a standard if no test procedure has been established for the product. 10
FACTORS TO DETERMINE ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION 42 U.S.C. 6295(o)(2)(B)(i) directs DOE to consider seven factors when determining whether a standard is economically justified: EPCA Factors 1. Economic impact on consumers and manufacturers 2. Lifetime operating cost savings compared to increased cost for the product DOE Analysis Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Manufacturer Impact Analysis Life-Cycle Cost Analysis 3. Total projected energy savings National Impact Analysis 4. Impact on utility or performance Engineering Analysis Screening Analysis 5. Impact of any lessening of competition Manufacturer Impact Analysis 6. Need for national energy conservation National Impact Analysis 7. Other factors the Secretary considers relevant Environmental Assessment Utility Impact Analysis Employment Impact Analysis 11
STANDARDS RULEMAKING PROCESS DOE energy conservation standards are generally established by a four-phase rulemaking process which includes three public meetings 1 2 3 4 Framework Document Preliminary Analysis Notice Notice of Proposed Rule Final Rule Requests for Manufacturer Information Public Comment and Meeting Public Comment and Meeting Public Comment and Meeting Requests for information, notices of comment extension, notices of data availability, and notices of public meeting can be issued throughout the process. 12
AGENDA 1 2 3 IMPACT OF APPLIANCE STANDARDS PROGRAM HISTORY AND OBJECTIVES PROGRAM ELEMENTS AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 4 STANDARDS ON THE BOOKS AND UNDER DEVELOPMENT 13
PROGRAM ELEMENTS: TEST PROCEDURES Establish test procedures for covered products Energy efficiency is often difficult to define, and requires different metrics for different products. See the Federal Register, August 29, 2003. Test procedures must be carefully developed, so they can t be gamed. 14
PROGRAM ELEMENTS : STANDARDS Establish mandatory standards for covered products The standard is defined in terms of the test procedures established by the Program. Manufacturers must test their products using the DOE test procedure, and it must meet the standard level to be sold in the U.S. See the Federal Register, April 16, 2010. 15
PROGRAM ELEMENTS : ENFORCEMENT Enforce the standards Manufacturers (including importers) and private labelers may not sell products that do not meet the standard levels. Manufacturers and private labelers pay civil penalties for selling noncompliant products in the United States. Over 2 million basic models have been certified to DOE as compliant for sale in the US (see CCMS database on DOE s website) Over $15 million in penalties have been assessed by DOE to date. 16
PROGRAM ELEMENTS : EPA PARTNERSHIP Work with EPA to lead test procedure development, testing/verification, and identify ENERGY STAR MOST EFFICIENT appliances DOE has tested over 400 products since 2010 to ensure that products bearing the ENERGY STAR logo deliver the energy savings consumers expect. ENERGY STAR MOST EFFICIENT targets ~top 5% of market for several home appliances. 17
PROGRAM ELEMENTS : FTC LABELING PARTNERSHIP Working with FTC, DOE creates a methodology to calculate energy-usage values for Energy Guide labels on appliances 18 Generally the results are based on calculations resulting from DOE test procedures. Manufacturers must file data reports that contain the ratings for each appliance with FTC. FTC allows manufacturers to submit reports to DOE via CCMS.
STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT Approaches to Standards Development Regulatory process with stakeholder engagement throughout Negotiated through Federal Advisory Committee with industry and other stakeholder representatives (e.g., pumps) Consensus agreements by stakeholders brought to DOE (e.g. motors) Industry voluntary agreements (e.g. set-top boxes) DOE supports collaborative approaches. Affected Manufacturers U.S. DOE Consumer and Environmental Organizations Less Contentious Outcome; Less legal action; Less delay 19
APPLIANCE STANDARDS AND RULEMAKING FEDERAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE ASRAC allows the Program to further improve the rulemaking process by providing advice and recommendations on: Development of minimum efficiency standards for residential appliances and commercial equipment (negotiated rulemakings); Development of product test procedures; Certification and enforcement of standards; Labeling for various residential products and commercial equipment; and Specific issues of concern to DOE, as requested by the Secretary of Energy, the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, and the Buildings Technologies Program Manager. ASRAC has chartered 4 working groups that were successful in negotiating consensus-based outcomes. Three new working groups chartered at March 19 meeting 20
COLLABORATION: SET-TOP BOX NON-REGULATORY AGREEMENT 500 90million Perspective: Two non-energy STAR set-top boxes use significantly more electricity than it takes to run a new refrigerator roughly 500 kwh a year. Number of homes that will benefit from improved set-top box efficiency (by 10 to 45 percent by 2017). 700,000 Number of homes that could be powered every year with the electricity saved 21
EXAMPLES OF DOE APPLIANCE STANDARDS RULEMAKING DOCUMENTS Coverage Determination: Notice to add a product to DOE s portfolio of products to be considered for standards. Request for Information: Notice requesting data from stakeholders on particular issues relevant to rulemaking. Notice of Data Availability: Notice to announce availability of data relevant to rulemaking (usually spreadsheets). Notice of Public Meeting: Notice to announce an open public meeting. Notice of Comment Extension: Notice to extend the public comment period for specified rulemaking document. Framework Document: Lays out the scope of coverage for the specified product. Preliminary Analysis: Provides stakeholders with DOE s initial analysis for engineering and consumer impacts of potential efficiency increases without proposing any new standards. Notice of Proposed Rulemaking: Notice that provides stakeholders DOE s proposal for a new or amended Federal standard or test procedure. Final Rule: Notice that provides stakeholders DOE s final action. 22
AGENDA 1 2 3 IMPACT OF APPLIANCE STANDARDS PROGRAM HISTORY AND OBJECTIVES PROGRAM ELEMENTS AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 4 STANDARDS ON THE BOOKS AND UNDER DEVELOPMENT 23
Compliance Dates for Standards Promulgated to Date Product Compliance Date for Original Standard and Updates Authorizing Legislation* RESIDENTIAL PRODUCTS Clothes Washers(Water and Energy) 1988, 1994, 2004/2007, 2015/2018 NAECA 1987 Clothes Dryers 1988, 1994, 2014 NAECA 1987 Dishwashers(Water and Energy) 1988, 1994, 2010, 2013 NAECA 1987 Refrigerators and Refrigerator-Freezers 1990, 1993, 2001, 2014 NAECA 1987 Freezers 1990, 1993, 2001, 2014 NAECA 1987 Room Air Conditioners 1990, 2000, 2014 NAECA 1987 Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps 1992/1993, 2006, 2015 NAECA 1987 Water Heaters 1990, 2004, 2015 NAECA 1987 Furnaces 1992, 2015 NAECA 1987 Boilers 1992, 2012 NAECA 1987 Direct Heating Equipment 1990, 2013 NAECA 1987 Cooking Products 1990, 2012 NAECA 1987 Pool Heaters 1990, 2013 NAECA 1987 Ceiling Fans and Ceiling Fan Light Kits 2007 EPACT 2005 Torchieres 2006 EPACT 2005 Dehumidifiers 2007, 2012 EPACT 2005 External Power Supplies 2008, 2016 EISA 2007 Furnace Fans 2019 EISA 2007 Microwave Oven Stand-by Power 2016 EISA 2007 24
Compliance Dates for Standards Promulgated to Date (2) Product Compliance Date for Original Standard and Updates Authorizing Legislation* COMMERCIAL & INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS Electric Motors 1997, 2010, 2016 EPACT 1992 Warm Air Furnaces 1994 EPACT 1992 Packaged Boilers 1994 EPACT 1992 Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps 1994/1995, 2003/2004, 2010, 2012, 2012-2014 EPACT 1992 Water Heaters, Hot Water Supply Boilers and Unfired Hot Water Storage Tanks 1994, 2004 EPACT 1992 Distribution Transformers 2007, 2010, 2016 EPACT 1992, EPACT 2005 Refrigerators, Refrigerator-Freezers and Freezers 2010, 2012, 2017 EPACT 2005 Automatic Ice Makers 2010, 2017 EPACT 2005 Clothes Washers + 2007, 2018 EPACT 2005 Unit Heaters 2008 EPACT 2005 Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines 2012 EPACT 2005 Walk-in Coolers and Walk-in Freezers 2009, 2017 EISA 2007 25
Compliance Dates for Standards Promulgated to Date (3) Product LIGHTING PRODUCTS Compliance Date for Original Standard and Updates Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts 1990, 2005/2010, 2014 NAECA 1988 General Service Fluorescent Lamps and Incandescent Reflector Lamps 1995, 2008, 2012, 2017 Authorizing Legislation* EPACT 1992, EISA 2007 Medium Base Compact Fluorescent Lamps 2006 EPACT 2005 Illuminated Exit Signs 2006 EPACT 2005 Traffic Signal Modules and Pedestrian Modules 2006 EPACT 2005 Mercury Vapor Lamp Ballasts 2008 EPACT 2005 Metal Halide Lamp Ballasts and Fixtures 2009, 2017 EISA 2007 General Service Incandescent Lamps, Intermediate Base Incandescent Lamps and Candelabra Base Incandescent Lamps 2012/2014& 2020 PLUMBING PRODUCTS (Water Only) EISA 2007 Faucets 1994 EPACT 1992 Showerheads 1994 EPACT 1992 Water Closets 1994/1997 EPACT 1992 Urinals 1994/1997 EPACT 1992 Pre-rinse Spray Valves 2007 EPACT 2005 26
Standards Under Development Rulemaking/Product Commercial Compressors Computers and Battery Backup Systems Portable Air Conditioners General Service Lamps Commercial and Industrial Fans and Blowers Commercial and Industrial Pumps Commercial Pre-Rinse Spray Valves Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Ceiling Fan Light Kits Ceiling Fans Commercial Packaged Boilers Kitchen Ranges and Ovens Miscellaneous Residential Refrigeration Stage Preliminary Analysis Preliminary Analysis Preliminary Analysis (in comment period) (negotiating standard) (in comment period) (at OIRA) (negotiating standard) 27
Standards Under Development - Continued Rulemaking/Product Commercial Water Heaters Dehumidifiers Battery Chargers Hearth Products Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines Residential Boilers Residential Gas Furnaces HID Lamps Dishwashers Commercial Warm-Air Furnaces Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Single Package Vertical Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Commercial Packaged Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps ASHRAE Products Stage (at OIRA) S (in comment period) (in comment period) (in comment period) Final Rule Final Rule Final Rule(negotiating standard) Final Rule Final Rule Final Rule (negotiating standard) Final Rule 28
Standards Under Development Rulemaking/Product Commercial Compressors Computers and Battery Backup Systems Portable Air Conditioners General Service Lamps Commercial and Industrial Fans and Blowers Commercial and Industrial Pumps Commercial Pre-Rinse Spray Valves Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Ceiling Fan Light Kits Ceiling Fans Commercial Packaged Boilers Kitchen Ranges and Ovens ASHRAE Products Miscellaneous Residential Refrigeration Stage Preliminary Analysis Preliminary Analysis Preliminary Analysis (in comment period) (negotiating standard) (in comment period) (at OIRA) (in comment period) (negotiating standard) 29
Standards Under Development - Continued Rulemaking/Product Commercial Water Heaters Dehumidifiers Battery Chargers Hearth Products Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines Residential Boilers Residential Gas Furnaces HID Lamps Dishwashers Commercial Warm-Air Furnaces Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Single Package Vertical Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Commercial Packaged Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps Stage (at OIRA) S (in comment period) (in comment period) (in comment period) Final Rule Final Rule Final Rule(negotiating standard) Final Rule Final Rule Final Rule (negotiating standard) 30