Test materials for wash performance testing. Test Materials for Wash Performance Testing

Test materials for wash performance testing Test Materials for Wash Performance Testing EMPA Testmaterialien AG for IEC 60456 Workshop Sao Paulo, 26th August 2008

«EMPA» (Swiss Federal Institute of Material Testing and Research) and «EMPA Testmaterialien AG» at a Glance EMPA Testmaterialien AG for IEC 60456 Workshop Sao Paulo, 26th August 2008

EMPA & EMPA Testmaterialien AG EMPA Swiss Federal Institute for Material Testing and Research 3 locations, 816 staff members belongs to the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) St.Gallen: 200 staff members Main Subject: Textiles EMPA Testmaterialien AG development, production and sales of testmaterials for the textile/ leather and cleaning industry spin-off/daugther company (2002) of EMPA 20 staff members

EMPA EMPA (Eidgenössische Matrialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Swiss Federal Institute of Material Testing and Research) Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH - 9014 St.Gallen Switzerland

EMPA - Functional Fibres and Textiles Bicomponent Fiber Spinning Machine with the bicomponent fiber spinning machine it will be possible to incorporate nanoparticles separately in the cladding or fiber core or in other bicomponent types Fiber Modification the modification of the fiber surface can be realized chemically (functional groups) or mechanically / physically (microstructuring)

EMPA - Functional Fibres and Textiles Plasma Technology on the band- & fiber coating plant, by means of magnetron, radio- & microwaves, using PVD- & CVD-technology Finishing in order to attain specific functions, methods like selective applications of textile finishing as well as insertion of nanoparticles can be used

EMPA - Functional Fibres and Textiles Functions hydrophilic, hydrophobic heat-proof, flame-retardant UV-resistant soil-repellent, odor-inhibitory biocompatible, biodegradable conductive, acting as a sensor Applications medicine & health care work place & safety engineering sports & leisure industrial applications civil engineering

EMPA - Mechanical and Thermal Protection SAM is "walking" and "sweating" almost like a human being. Head and hip protection Heat and flame protection Friction properties

EMPA Performance and Medical Textiles Humidity management Subject studies Photomedicine Sleeping comfort Systems to optimize comfort and performance of textiles Healing/Therapy medical textiles

EMPA Testmaterialien AG EMPA Testmaterialien AG Mövenstrasse 12, CH - 9015 St.Gallen Switzerland

EMPA Testmaterialien AG development, production and sales of testmaterials for the textile/ leather and cleaning industry since 45 years selling of testmaterials (EMPA Prüfabteilung testing department) 2002 founding of EMPA Testmaterialien AG In house production of artificially soiled fabrics and reference soils according to various international standards. Competence in Hygiene and Laundry Cooperation with standardization bodies

Test materials for wash performance testing Wash theory regarding soilings Soiled fabrics v/s Consumer soilings Wash performance (strips) What soiling for what? Production and Quality control of soiled fabrics

Some Basic Information / Wash habits around the globe

Some Basic Information / The Consumer

Some Basic Information / The Soil Origin of soilings according to P&G

Possible Concepts of Soilings for Testing Household Washing Machines 1. Wash and Wear: Most consumer relevant Very expensive and time consuming High deviation, low discrimination Little influence on the type of soil Questionable Repeatability (within same lab) Bad reproducibility (between several labs) NOT SUITABLE FOR WASH MACHINE TESTING

Possible Concepts of Soilings for Testing Household Washing Machines 2. Fresh made Stains : Relatively closed to the consumer Differences in used products Time consuming Bad reproducibility and repeatability High standard deviation NOT SUITABLE FOR WASH MACHINE TESTING

Fresh Stains v/s Artifical Soiling (Example Enzyme Activity) Fresh Stains Artifical Soiling NOT SUITABLE FOR WASH MACHINE TESTING Fresh stains or artificially soiled test fabrics: Booth give in general the same information, but the fresh stain with a high deviation:

Our Philosophy for Soilings Applicable worldwide under different wash conditions Repeatable Reproducible Accuracy Consumer relevance

Possible Soilings Pigments Hydrophil / polar (e.g. Metaloxyds, road dust, soil) Hydrophob / non polar (e.g. carbon, skin flakes) Oil / Fat (e.g. Sebum, Olive Oil) Proteins (e.g. Blood, Sauces) Bleachable (e.g. Fruit juice, Tea, Wine) Starch Salt (e.g. Sweat) Microorganism Calcium bonded soilings

Soilings Reducing to model soilings Standardizing of the solings Defining of tolerances (Model border) OK OK

Wash Performance Soil removal Pigments Oil/Fat Pigment from Proteins/Starch Bleachable stains Model-Soilings according to IEC 4th Ed. Carbon Black mineral oil Blood Cocoa Red wine

Wash Performance Strips of IEC 60456 Ed.4 EMPA strip article 105, according to IEC 60456 4th Ed. IEC Cotton, unsoiled, EMPA article 221 IEC Carbon Black / Mineral Oil on Cotton, EMPA article 106 IEC Blood on Cotton, EMPA article 111 IEC Cocoa on Cotton, EMPA article 112 IEC Red Wine on Cotton, EMPA article 114 Each sample is 15 x 15 cm

www.iec.ch IEC 60456 Ed.4 1. Performance Test - Soil Strips EMPA 106 soiling on cotton fabric This test fabric is soiled with a mixture of mineral oil and soot - pigment. It is useable at all washing temperatures. EMPA 106 is sensitive to amount of detergent. and to the level of agitation. It is slightly sensitive to the washing temperature. EMPA 106 is slightly affected by bleaching agents It is little sensitive to enzymes.

www.iec.ch IEC 60456 Ed.4 1. Performance Test - Soil Strips Influence of bleaching EMPA 106 soiling on cotton fabric General washing behavior

www.iec.ch IEC 60456 Ed.4 1. Performance Test - Soil Strips EMPA 111 soiling on cotton fabric This test fabric is soiled with blood from pigs It is useable at all washing temperatures. EMPA 111 is sensitive to the amount of detergent. It is sensitive to the washing temperature. It is the best sensor to measure over loading EMPA 111 is affected by protease It is also affected by bleaching agents, which might increase or decrease the washing performance, depending on the testing design.

www.iec.ch IEC 60456 Ed.4 1. Performance Test - Soil Strips Influence of bleaching EMPA 111 soiling on cotton fabric General washing behavior

www.iec.ch IEC 60456 Ed.4 1. Performance Test - Soil Strips EMPA 112 soiling on cotton fabric This test fabric is soiled with a mixture of cocoa and milk. It is useable at all washing temperatures. EMPA 112 is insensitive to the amount of detergent. It is sensitive to the washing temperature. EMPA 112 is affected by bleaching agents It is also affected by enzymes.

www.iec.ch IEC 60456 Ed.4 1. Performance Test - Soil Strips Influence of enzymes EMPA 112 soiling on cotton fabric General washing behavior

www.iec.ch IEC 60456 Ed.4 1. Performance Test - Soil Strips EMPA 114 soiling on cotton fabric This test fabric is soiled with red wine It is useable at all washing temperatures. EMPA 114 is sensitive to bleaching agents. It is affected by the washing temperature (as a result of sensitivity to bleaching) Detergents (without bleaching agents) might inhibit the washing performance It is insensitive to enzymes.

Wash Performance Strips of IEC 60456 EMPA strip article 108, according to IEC 60456 5th Ed. and AHAM HLW-1 IEC Cotton, unsoiled, EMPA article 221 IEC Sebum / Pigment on Cotton, EMPA article 118 IEC Carbon Black / Mineral Oil on Cotton, EMPA article 106 IEC Blood on Cotton, EMPA article 111 IEC Cocoa on Cotton, EMPA article 112 IEC Red Wine (aged) on Cotton, EMPA article 122 Each sample is 12 x 12 cm

What Soiling for What?? More info see: www.empa-testmaterials.ch

What Soiling for What?? More info see: www.empa-testmaterials.ch

What Soiling for What? example Low Temperature Monitor For Assessing the Efficiency of Washing Processes up to 40 C EMPA 123 soiling on cotton fabric This test fabric is soiled with a mixture of fatty components, pigments and protein. It is useable at low washing temperatures EMPA 123 is sensitive to amount of detergent. It is sensitive to the washing temperature. It is sensitive to protease. Also available on CO/PES

What Soiling for What? example Low Temperature Monitor Comparison with EMPA 106/118 (VA machine, IEC-A*) 75 65 EMPA 106 Wascator FOM 71 CLS (5 fh) VA washing machine (5 fh) 55 EMPA 123 EMPA 118 Y 45 35 EMPA 123 soiling on cotton fabric Also available on CO/PES 25 15 unwashed 20 C 30 C Cold (16 C) warm (33 C) 1 liter : 1.54 g IECA* + 1.04 g IECA* + Hot (54 C) 0.40 g Perb. + 0.06 g TAED 0.27 g Perb. + 0.04 g TAED

What Soiling for What? example Low Temperature Monitor Comparison with EMPA 106/118 (HA machine, IEC-A*) 75 65 55 Wascator FOM 71 CLS (25 fh)) Top range HA washing machine (25 fh) "easycare" "coloureds" "coloureds" (long) EMPA 106 EMPA 123 EMPA 118 Y 45 EMPA 123 soiling on cotton fabric Also available on CO/PES 35 25 15 orig 20 C 30 C cold 30 C 40 C cold 30 C 40 C cold 30 C 40 C

What Soiling for What? example Tea Soiling For Assessing the Efficiency of Bleaching Systems EMPA 167 soiling on cotton fabric EMPA 168 soiling on CO/PES fabric The test fabrics are soiled with a concentrated black tea solution. The colored ingredients of the tea are sensitive to bleaching agents. They are insensitive to the amount of detergent as well as to enzymes. Slightly sensitive to the water hardness. EMPA 167/168 can be used at all washing temperatures.

What Soiling for What? example Tea Soiling Influence of bleaching agent EMPA 167 soiling on cotton fabric EMPA 168 soiling on CO/PES fabric

What Soiling for What? example Tea Soiling General washing behavior EMPA 167 soiling on cotton fabric EMPA 168 soiling on CO/PES fabric

What Soiling for What? example Tea Soiling Influence of the quantity of washing product Washing at 60 C with diverse quantities of sodium perborate EMPA 167 soiling on cotton fabric Influence of the water hardness Washing at 30 C with diverse quantities of TAED EMPA 168 soiling on CO/PES fabric

What Soiling for What? example Fat / Quartz / Iron Oxide Soiling For Assessing the Efficiency of Detergents EMPA 120 soiling on cotton fabric This soiling consists of quartz, iron oxide and a selection of vegetable, animal and mineral fats. It is useable at all washing temperatures. EMPA 120 is sensitive to the amount of detergent. EMPA 120 is also sensitive to the level of agitation. It is nearly insensitive to the temperature to bleaching agents to enzymes.

What Soiling for What? example Fat / Quartz / Iron Oxide Soiling For Assessing the Efficiency of Detergents Influence of bleaching EMPA 120 soiling on cotton fabric General washing behavior

What Soiling for What? example Gras For Assessing the Efficiency of Protease EMPA 164 soiling on cotton fabric The test fabric is soiled with grass solution. It is useable at all washing temperatures. EMPA 164 is sensitive to proteases. It is sensitive to the washing temperature. EMPA 164 is little affected by bleaching agents and the amount of detergent. It is nearly insensitive to other enzymes like amylase cellulase lipase.

What Soiling for What? example Grass For Assessing the Efficiency of Protease Influence of bleaching EMPA 164 soiling on cotton fabric General washing behavior

What Soiling for What? example Porridge For Assessing the Efficiency of Enzymes EMPA 163 soiling on cotton fabric Sensitive to enzymes (used singularly or combined) Little affected by the quantity of detergent Little affected by bleaching agent (perborat / TAED) Little affected by the strength of agitation Little affected by the washing temperature

What Soiling for What? example Porridge For Assessing the Efficiency of Enzymes General washing behavior EMPA 163 soiling on cotton fabric

What Soiling for What? example Porridge For Assessing the Efficiency of Enzymes Influence of enzymes EMPA 163 soiling on cotton fabric

What Soiling for What? example Pudding Soiling For Assessing the Efficiency of Mannanases EMPA 165 soiling on cotton fabric The test fabric is soiled with pudding. It is useable at all washing temperatures. EMPA 165 is sensitive to mannanase and cellulase. EMPA 165 is also sensitive to the level of agitation. Little affected by other enzymes like amylases, proteases and lipases. Insensitive to the amount of detergent and bleaching agents.

What Soiling for What? example Pudding Soiling For Assessing the Efficiency of Mannanases Influence of enzymes EMPA 165 soiling on cotton fabric General washing behavior

What Soiling for What? - Stain Monitor EMPA 102 Stain monitor on knitted cotton with the following stains: 01 Make-up 07 Dessert 13 Baby-food 02 Curry 08 Peat 14 Clay 03 Red Wine 09 Tea 15 Butter 04 Empty 10 Beta-Carotine 16 Engine Oil 05 Spaghetti Sauce 11 Grass 06 Blood 12 Animal Fat & Dye The Monitor has not been subjected to artificial ageing. Influence of different washing conditions on the sum of the remission values.

What Soiling for What? The Patchwork Patchwork of different soilings Original 40 C wash 60 C wash According to the needs of the client

Our Philosophy for Soilings Washperformance of detergents of washing machines Other Soiled Test Cloths Dye Transfer Monitors Color Fastness Determination Unsoiled Test Cloth Standard Detergents Standard Loads Standard Materials For Leather Info see: www.empa-testmaterials.ch Scales For Color Determination

Production / General Weaving and Quality Control Pretreatment: e.g. Desizing, Boiling, Bleaching Quality Control of Pretreatment Soiling Quality Control of Soiled Fabric Keep the test fabrics in a cool (about 5 C) and dry place protected from light. Under these conditions the test fabrics can be used for up to 12 months.

Production / Soiling Processes Principle: Pad / Dry Printing Spraying Parameters: soiling liquid, textile, speed, pressure, temperature

Production / Unit Preparation of liquid soiling

Production / Unit

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