Did I do that?? The evil that men do lives after them; the good is oft interred with their bones. William Shakespeare 1
Windows sweat Mold starts to grow Coil freezes up on A/C Utility bills not as low as expected House is dustier Combustion appliance back drafts Homeowner gets sick 4 Simple enough right? Home owners bills too high Obvious signs of air leaks Low insulation levels BOF (big old furnace) Big house 6 2
7 Heat Flow (BTU) = Surface Area X Temp Difference R Value OR Surface Area X Temp Difference X U Value = BTU Manual J calculations Add all individual components together Include affects of air leakage Include affects of internal gains Include affects of solar gain 9 3
The thermal envelope Walls Windows Doors Floors Ceilings Average U value = the percent of each component x U value added together 10 U x A x HDD x 24 / 100,000 R 13 attic floor with 1690 Sq 6564 HDD 0.077 x 1690 x 6564 x 24 / 100,000 = 205 100,000 = one Therm = 100,000 BTU 100,000 BTU = 100 CCF natural gas 11 26 X 6,000 X 0.00001 X 2,240 50 X 0.6 19 X 0.8 X 1 X 0.7 X 0.75 3494 7.98 X 0.6 $262 Cost of air infiltration 12 4
N = C x H x S x L C=Climate factor from map H=Height correction factor S=Wind shielding correction factor L=Leakiness correction factor 13 26 X 6,000 X 0.00001 X 960 50 X 0.6 19 X 0.8 X 1 X 0.7 X 0.75 1497 7.98 X 0.6 $112 Cost of air infiltration 14 Before $262 After $112 Net annual savings $150 10 Year savings $1500 15 5
Area of conditioned space Using part of the house again? Solar gain / loss No longer shutting out the world Air leakage Did the air sealing stay put? Did they need fresh air? Internal gains Lifestyle changes? 16 Not such a fungi 6
Cooking Bathing Floor mopping Dishwashing Plants Breathing Laundry Aquariums 19 www.buildingdiagnosticshelp.com 20 21 7
22 Do we have more mold? Are buildings tighter? Are they wetter? Are we more aware of mold? High Humidity Basement Leaks (Crawl Spaces) Leaky Insulation Short-Term Flooding Venting into Attics, bypasses into attics Thinking Everything Black is Mold 8
Mold Has Three Goals 1. To Eat Things 2. To Reproduce 3. To Kill Anything That Prevents it From Doing the Other Two Water Spores Warmth Food Mold/Mildew Matrix 9
(N 0 ) H 2 O = (N O ) M O LD More is less The more energy into the system the more drying capacity Less is more The less energy used the less drying capacity 10
Increase surface temperature Decrease available moisture Reduced drying potential Old habits comer back Humidifier gets turned on Fans not used Fear of added energy use Not used to the sound Run all the time? Really?!?! Dead air spaces 32 Something smells funny. 11
Moisture HAM Interstitial Mold 34 Types of Air Flow Controlled Uncontrolled Types of Holes Designed Un Designed 35 Controlled Exhaust Fans Air Handler Pressure Imbalance Uncontrolled Wind Temperature Duct Leakage Stack Effect 36 12
37 38 IAQ Soil gases Contaminates from outside Contaminates from room to room 39 13
Types of Pollutants Volatile Organic Compounds Particulates Soil Gases Moisture Borne Carbon Monoxide 40 Controlling Pollutants Eliminate Reduce Separate Dilute Control 41 Combustion Air for burning fuel Air for removing exhaust gas Backdrafting 42 14
O 2 FUEL HEAT HEAT CO 2 Water Vapor 43 O 2 FUEL HEAT HEAT Water Vapor SOOT CO 2 CO 44 Comes from incomplete combustion Dangerous to humans and animals alike Odorless Tasteless Mixes well with air 45 15
Headaches Dizziness Blurred vision Nausea Fatigue or drowsiness Confusion General ill feeling 46 Fuel burning furnace Gas boiler Gas range Gas water heater Gas dryer Vehicles Tobacco Anything that burns fuel 47 CH 4 +2O 2 =Heat+2H 2 O+CO 2 CH 4 = 1 cubic foot of Methane (Natural gas) 3O 2 = 3 cubic feet of Oxygen Heat = 1027 BTU of energy 2H 2 O=2 cubic feet of water Vapor CO 2 =1 cubic foot of Carbon Dioxide 48 16
Perfect combustion can not be achieved Oxygen is used to burn gas Oxygen is only 1/5 th of the air we breath How much air does a furnace need? Is there enough air? 49 5 50 ASHRAE 62 89 Calculations based on occupancy Calculations based on airflow ASHRAE 62 89 leaves the home not so air tight 51 17
Changes in Air flow Thermal flow Moisture flow Disturbing Lead Asbestos VOC s 52 53 Air flow patterns Amount of air changes Cracked heat exchanger Storage location changed 54 18
It didn t do that before! Two types of heat Sensible Latent 56 Cooling Forced air Evaporative (swamp) cooler 57 19
Cooling capacity Tonnage 12,000 BTU 70% to drop the temperature 30% to remove the water vapor 58 59 60 20
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67 10 Pa 45 5 Pa 0 Pa 25 Pa BD 50 68 69 23
Area of conditioned space Using part of the house again? Solar gain / loss No longer shutting out the world Air leakage Did the air sealing stay put? Did they need fresh air? Internal gains Lifestyle changes? Low air flow over coil Clogged filter Return duct path changed 70 You said it was going to stop! 24
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Buried duct Missing insulation Heat source above insulation Solar melting Did not locate all heat sources above insulation Did not locate all heat bypasses Insulation moved Stuff happens 80 Thank you! Robert De Vries rdevries@nuwool.com 27