Accommodating Population Growth Urban redevelopment and TODS Irene Duckett
Land Use Patterns - Zurich
Suburbanisation Zurich Urban Area, 1950-2010
Zurich density compared to other cities
Zurich population density
Population Density Hobart source ABS Regional Population Growth 2011-12 West Moonah 2,100 per km2 Moonah 1,900 per km2 Sandy Bay 1,700 per km2 Hobart 1,170 per km2 Zurich urban area 1,075 per km2 Wider suburban area 800 km2
Redevelopment Strategy Public Transport Network Parking restrictions Urban redevelopment - TODS
Multi nodal transit
Public Transport Between 1984 and 2005 the number of passengers using public transport increased 41% from 209 to 294 million per year. Currently over 320 000 people commute daily into the city for work or other reasons; 74% commute by suburban rail network. Within the city of Zurich, ¾ of all travel within the city is done by foot, public transport or bike. 1 in 5 (22%) people in the city of Zurich with a drivers license does not own a car. 38.8% of all residents commute by public transport, 37.9% commute by private car.
Inner urban redevelopment areas TOD principles activity centres established around a transport/transit node Medium to high density housing Mix of retail, employment, commercial and civic development Enhanced accessibility to via walking and cycling links Includes: Walking distance to transit stop Central feature of generous open space or green-space as community space Affordable housing and housing mix Reduced parking allowances/ and parking often not at ground level Frequent, fast, reliable public transport
Zurich West
Zurich West City Forum The aim of the committee was to soften the hardened fronts in the battle for building and zoning regulations (BZO) and to engage in constructive discussions Mayor of Zurich 1996
Goals Zurich West s redevelopment must add significant value to Zurich as a whole; Residential districts 4, 5, and 9 of the city benefit significantly from the redevelopment; The redevelopment (as with the initial planning process) be undertaken in a cooperative manner.
City Forum development principles A sustained benefit for the population, landowners and business community of the district and wider city; The strengthening of Zurich s national and international competitive economic position; The efficient cooperation and collaboration of stakeholders for an attractive and successful redevelopment in the long term; A desire for a high quality urban environment in Zurich West.
Urban Design Philosophies Orthogonal Grid Identity Spaces/Distinctive redevelopment Disturbance of orthogonality Niches and permeability Use across three levels Active Streets and Facades Contrast Large structures and large scales with smaller buildings and fine grain Hierarchical road structure Maintain Views/Vistas Physical networking of open space Public and Semi Public indoor space Continuous ground floor level
Puls 5 conversion of industrial buildings
Frau Gerold s Garten
Public Transport
Extension of tram route 4 & 8
Munich You can t prohibit people from using their cars. You can only make other modes of transport more attractive. George Friedrich, City of Munich
Arabella Park and St Emmeram Munich
Mix of housing types
Well designed shared social spaces
Mixed use
St Emmeram
The urban redevelopment strategies of both cities are based on this one important principle: Population growth needs to be supported by infrastructure, the most important of which is transport. Mobility impacts Social equity (access to services, jobs) Environment / carbon Physical capacity of infrastructure/roads Economic - cost of supply Land resource Impact on social interaction and quality of environment (removing car dominance from the physical environment allows for other activities to occur) Health
Integrated Transport
Winterthur Zurich pop. 100,000
Scale
Creating Communities
Public Infrastructure
Roads to accommodate modes of transport
Mixed use
Underground Parking
Eulachpark Zurich
Recreation social spaces
Zurich West
New Oerlikon
Euchlapark
History - connectivity with the past
Folly - urban colour
Water
Castle Square Warsaw
Wintergarten Munich
CONCLUSIONS Population growth needs to be supported by infrastructure, the most important of which is mobility. Medium density development is more cost effective to service, and provides population densities which make the provision of other services and activities viable. Development centred around multi nodal transport networks (TODS) not only allows for choice in movement but makes that choice more attractive. Medium or high density development must incorporate urban design qualities that foster communities. Our regulatory environment needs to, if not encourage, then at least accommodate innovation and quality in built environments. This goal cannot be achieved without integrated land use planning, incorporating multi nodal transport and movement, and across two if not three tiers of government.