BIO-ECOLOGICAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM(BIOECODS):CONCEPTS, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

BIO-ECOLOGICAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM(BIOECODS):CONCEPTS, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

BIOECODS Bio-Ecological Drainage System, Malaysia Perimeter Swale Dry Pond Ecological Swale Type C Wetpond

INTRODUCTION CONTENTS CONSTRUCTED COMPONENTS DESIGN CONCEPTS DESIGN CRITERIA ECOLOGICAL SWALE MATERIALS CONSTRUCTION EXPERIENCE CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION This project has taken various measures to reduce stormwater runoff rates and volumes, and stormwater pollutant load by implementing control at source method. BIOECODS is the first project that uses control at source method in Malaysia and attempts to solve three major problems in Malaysia: Flash Flood River Pollution Water Scarcity

RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT Design - 1999 Construction- Starts: 2000 Completed: 2002 Data Collection Starts: June 2003

PROJECT LOCATION USM Engineering Campus is located in District 9 of the Southern Part of Penang.

Lebuhra ya Utara- Selatan BIOECODS SITE Catchment Area: 320 acres Ampang Jajar Sungai Krian

SITE ORIGINAL CONDITIONS Flat, Low-lying area subject to tidal influence Palm Oil Plantation Estate Peaty and clayey type of soil (min 25 m depth) not an engineered soil Permeability is negligible For construction, average filling of 2 to 3 m of laterite (red clay)

DESIGN CONCEPTS

SCHEMATIC LAYOUT OF BIOECODS

DESIGN CONCEPTS BIO-RETENTION SWALE DRY POND ECOLOGICAL SWALE + SUBSURFACE DETENTION WETPOND DETENTION POND WETLAND/WADING RIVER RECREATIONAL POND RIVER KERIAN

DESIGN CRITERIA

DESIGN CRITERIA Ecological Swale Design Parameter Longitudinal Slope Manning Roughness Coeficients Design Rainfall Maximum Period of Surface Water Inundation at Surface Swale Criteria 1:1000 Surface Swale=0.035 Sub-Surface Drainage Module=0.1 10-year ARI and Check For 100-Year ARI 24 hours

ECOLOGICAL SWALE i) Perimeter Swale a) Cross Section b) Typical View

ECOLOGICAL SWALE ii) Type A a) Cross Section b) Typical View

ECOLOGICAL SWALE iii) Type B a) Cross Section b) Typical View

ECOLOGICAL SWALE iv) Type C a) Cross Section b) Typical View

DESIGN CRITERIA DRY POND Design Parameter Maximum period of Surface Water Inundation Maximum depth of water inundation Criteria 24 hours 150 mm

DRY POND a) Cross Section b) Typical View

DRY POND Dry Pond Swale

DRY POND Dry Pond Swale

DESIGN CRITERIA WET POND Design Parameter Surface Area Volume Capacity Design Rainfall Criteria 4500 m 2 5000m 3 10 year ARI

WET POND

DESIGN CRITERIA DETENTION POND Design Parameter Surface Area Volume Capacity Design Rainfall Criteria 10,000 m 2 18,000m 3 50- year ARI

DETENTION POND

DESIGN CRITERIA FOR CONSTRUCTED WETLAND Design Parameter Catchment Area Design Storm( 3 month ARI) Length Width Wetland Surface Area Volume % Catchment Area Design Inflow Rate Mean Residence Time Slope of Wetland Bed Bed Depth Media Hydraulic Conductivity of Gravel Criteria 1.214km 2 22.5 mm/hr 155 m 60 m 9,100 m 2 9,100 m 3 0.7 0.25 m 3 /s 3 days 1% 0.6 m Pea Gravel and Soil Mixture 10-3 m/s to 10-2 m/s

WETLAND PLANT SPECIES Type Type 1(0.3 m depth) Type 2(0.3 m depth) Type 3(0.3 m depth) Type 4(0.6 m depth) Type 5(0.6 m depth) Type 6(1.0 m depth) Plant Name Eleocharis Variegata Eleocharis Dulcis Hanguana Malayana Lepironia Articualata Typha Augustifolia Phragmites Karka

USM WETLAND PLANT SPECIES Typha Augustifolia Pragmites Karka Typha Augustifolia Hanguana Malayana Lepironia Articulata Eleocharis Dulcis Hanguana Malayana

WETLAND

WADING RIVER

RECREATIONAL POND

FINAL DISCHARGE TO RIVER KERIAN

ECOLOGICAL SWALE MATERIALS

ECOLOGICAL SWALE MATERIALS a) Geostrip b) Module c) Hydronet d) River Sand

ECOLOGICAL SWALE MATERIALS e) Topsoil f) Cow Grass

ECOLOGICAL SWALE MATERIALS Swale Components Geostrip(parameter Swale Module(Ecological Swale) Hydronet Filter Fabric Clear Sand River Top Soil Grass Specifications Dimension Flow Rate at 1% gradient Compressive Strenght Material Dimension Flow Rate at 1% gradient Compressive Strenght Material Permeability Screening capability Sieve Analysis according to BS 1377 Thickness Species Details 100mmx80mmx 550mm 80 l/min 12 tons/m 2 Recycled polypropylene 405mmx465x607mm 2280 l/min 8 tons/m 2 Recycled Polypropylene 9.30 mm/s 0.38mm Mean Sisze between 0.5mm and 0.2 mm One to two inches Cow Grass

CONSTRUCTION EXPERIENCE

CONSTRUCTION OF AN ECOLOGICAL SWALE Excavation Module Placement Subsurface Detention Connection between Swale and Subsurface Detention

CONSTRUCTION OF AN ECOLOGICAL SWALE Sand Bedding Grass Planting

CONCLUDING REMARKS By minimizing the surface runoff at source through the provision of on-site facilities the peak runoff can be reduced at the downstream area Water quality of Standard Class IIB can be achieved if new developments in Malaysia use the concept of Sustainable Urban Drainage System such as the Bio-Ecological Drainage System.