SEF Presents: NFPA Code, Hazardous Materials. Thursday March 29, PDF Free Download

SEF Presents: NFPA Code, Hazardous Materials Thursday March 29, 2018

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Today NFPA Code, Hazardous Materials * NFPA 400, Hazardous materials code * NFPA Tools & resources at your fingertips Speakers: Jonathan Eisenberg, Associate Principal, ARUP Lisa Hartman, NFPA Division Manager, Industrial & Chemical Engineering Intro: Denise Aronson, Founder & CEO, Safety Partners, Inc.

NFPA Introduction and Overview March 29, 2018 Lisa Hartman, Director, Industrial & Chemical Engineering IT S A BIG WORLD. LET S PROTECT IT TOGETHER. TM NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved.

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

Global non-profit devoted to eliminating death, injury, property and economic loss due to fire, electrical and related hazards. Our information and knowledge comes in many forms: - Support for the development, adoption and enforcement of our codes and standards - Research and data analysis - Technical training and certification - Public education - Outreach and advocacy Founded in 1896 More than 60,000 members 6,000 volunteers 300 codes and standards 300 employees 275+ technical code-and-standard-development committees Offices in the United Arab Emirates, Canada, Mexico, France & China www.nfpa.org National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved.

NFPA Standards Development Process

The Participants 1) The public 2) ~60,000 Members 3) Board of Directors Approximately 25 members Elected by Membership 4) Standards Council 5) Technical Committees 6) NFPA Staff NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved.

Technical Committees Balanced Consensus bodies TCs Typical max size of 30 ~ 6,000+ Volunteers ~ 278 Technical Committees ~ 300 Codes & Standards 1/3 Balance Rule: A committee can never have more than 1/3 of its membership from any one interest category NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved. 12

Revision Cycle 104 weeks or 141 weeks

In Summary Balanced Consensus Body TCs Extensive Public Input & Notification (NFPA News, ANSI Standards Action, Federal Register) Documents generally revised every 3-5 years Process ~ 18-24 months Steps: 0) New Project Request 1) Public Input (PI) Stage 2) Public Comment (PC) Stage 3) Annual NFPA Technical Meeting in June 4) Council Appeals/Issuance of Standard- 3x/year NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved.

www.nfpa.org

NFPA Codes & Standards

NFPA Doc Info Page

NFPA Codes & Standards Highlights Over 300 Codes, Standards and Guidelines including: NFPA 1 Fire Code (e.g. MA State Fire Code) Electrical NFPA 70 National Electrical Code NFPA 70E Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace Health Care NFPA 99 Health Care Facilities Code NFPA 101 Life Safety Code NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved. 18

NFPA Codes & Standards Highlights Flammable & combustible liquids NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code NFPA 45 Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals Industrial gases including medical grade gases NFPA 55 Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code Hazardous materials NFPA 400 Hazardous Materials Code NFAP 704 Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response Combustible Dusts NFPA 652 Standard on the Fundamentals of Combustible Dust NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved. 19

Consensus Standard versus Regulations

How are consensus standards used? Keep in mind SDOs have different motivations ANSI Standards- primary motivation is safety OSHA Standards- balance between worker safety & employer costs NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved. 21

How are consensus standards used? 1) An ANSI Standard isn t a law it s discretionary 2) ANSI Standards can become Mandatory Codes & Standards are adopted by US agencies (Federal, State and local) and international countries into law Example: OSHA Incorporated by Reference 29 CFR 1910.6 list of consensus standards incorporated by reference (e.g. NFPA, ASTM, ASME) NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved. 22

How are consensus standards used? 3) You can be cited for not following voluntary standards OSHA standards tell the employers what to comply with to be safe Employers are expected to follow consensus standards on how to be safe Example: For General Industry, OSHA s electrical regulations specify what employers & employees should to do to work safely NFPA 70E tells how employers & employees can comply with the government rules on the operation and maintenance of electrical systems. OSHA may cite for non-compliance with an ANSI or similar consensus standard (e.g. General Duty clause) OSHA issues de minimis notices to employers who comply with more current versions of consensus standards, as long as at least as protective as older version. 4)You don t have to adopt voluntary standards just be aware NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved. 23

Questions TM

527 CMR, Massachusetts Comprehensive Fire Safety Code Based on NFPA 1 (2015 Edition) Adopted January 1, 2018 Jonathan M. Eisenberg PE, Arup Associate Principal Americas Science Leader

NFPA 1 26 26

MA Building Code versus NFPA Codes & Standards International Code Council (ICC) International Building Code (IBC) International Fire Code (IFC) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) NFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code NFPA 1 Fire Code 27

Overview of 527 CMR Changes NFPA 45 Adoption Laboratories Using Chemicals Hot Work Permit Limitations Ammonia Refrigeration System Maintenance and Testing Alcohol-Based Hand Rub Dispensers Aerosol Product Classifications Cleaning and Purging of Gas Piping Systems

527 CMR 1.00 Correction Sheet Link to 527 CMR 1.00 correction Sheet: https://www.mass.gov/files/documents/2018/02/06/mcfsc_correction_sheet_2015 _Edition_issued_%202018.1.2.pdf

NFPA 45 Applicability 527 CMR Chapter 26 now adopts the 2011 edition of NFPA 45, Standard for Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals Chapter 26 previously deleted in its entirety NFPA 45 applies to construction and protection of new laboratories Exception: MAQs in accordance with building code Chapter 26 Laboratories Using Chemicals

Laboratory Ventilation Design Manifolding Exhaust ducted separately to: Exterior Mechanical room Shaft Subduct approach per NFPA 45 and 780 CMR Exhaust permitted to be combined within same laboratory unit or control area (fire area) Exhaust from multiple fire areas can be combined in a rated shaft New exception in IMC 510 NFPA 45 Chapter 8 Ventilation

Chemical Fume Hoods Sash should be kept closed when unattended! Provide means to contain a 2L spill Electrically unclassified Fire protection systems required when: Existing flammable liquid hoods with flame spread indexes > 25 Per hazard analysis Does not include NFPA 13 obstruction requirements NFPA 45 Section 8.8 Ventilation

NFPA 45 Operational Highlights Flammable storage within benchtop fume hoods prohibited! Store all flammables not in use in flammable cabinets Container sizes limited to 5gal in laboratories Dispensing of Class I liquids in and out of containers > 5gal only allowed: Outside building Inside liquid storage room (Group H) Heated equipment require high temperature shutoffs Equipment exhausts require hard connections and must discharge to an appropriate location NFPA 45 Chapter 9 & 12 Operations

Hot Work Permit Limitations NFPA 51B Hot work permits shall not be valid for a period exceeding 24 hours As of July 1, 2018 PAI to provide documentation showing completion of State Fire Marshal training PAI shall inspect area at least once per shift to ensure it is a fire-safe area Section 41.3.4 Hot Work Permits

Compressed Gases & Cryogens

Hot Work Permit Decision Tree Section 41.3.4 Hot Work Permits

Hot Work Fire Watch Decision Tree Section 41.3.5.1 Hot Work Fire Watch

Ammonia Refrigeration System Maintenance and Testing Requirements Addition that systems shall be maintained according to ANSI/IIAR 7 (53.3.1.1) Testing intervals of the following systems shall not exceed one year (53.3.2.2): Treatment and flaring systems Fans and associated purging equipment Refrigerant vapor detection and alarm systems Section 53.3 Ammonia Refrigeration System Maintenance and Testing Requirements

Alcohol-Based Hand Rub Dispensers Changed to correspond with NFPA 101 Dispensers are permitted if they meet requirements regarding: Maximum fluid capacity Spacing Aggregate solution per story Storage Proximity to ignition sources Carpeted floors Alcohol content per volume Dispenser activation Section 60.5.2 Alcohol-Based Hand Rub Dispensers

MA Hazardous Materials Processing Permits Permit required for processing hazardous materials Category 1 Vessel 2.5gal Category 2 2.5gal > Vessel 60gal Category 3-60gal > Vessel 300gal Category 4 Vessel > 300gal Cat. 5 Category 5 Vessels OSHA Process Safety Management (PSM) thresholds Section 60.8 Hazardous Materials Processing Permits

Aerosol Product Classifications Changed to correspond with NFPA 30B New classifications Metal containers 33.8 fl oz and plastic/glass containers 4 fl oz (61.1.3) Level 1, 2, and 3 aerosol products Aerosol cooking spray products Plastic containers 4 fl oz and 33.8 oz (61.1.4) Plastic aerosol 1 Plastic aerosol X Section 61.1 Aerosol Product Classifications

Cleaning and Purging of Gas Piping Systems Natural Gas Explosion at Kleen Energy plant Several deaths and many injuries Occurred during a gas blow down Many scheduled over the course of a day High pressure (650 psig) Pipe terminated in a congested area Many potential sources of ignition present Resulted in NFPA 1 and 55 changes to protocol on how gas systems are purged and cleaned Section 63.3.1.19 Cleaning and Purging of Gas Piping Systems

Cleaning and Purging of Gas Piping Systems General When required Conducted by qualified individuals Procedure requirements Pre-inspection/testing Cleaning Schedules Required standard of cleanliness Purging Termination point location Required for gases with associated physical or health hazards Section 63.3.1.19 Cleaning and Purging of Gas Piping Systems

Thank You for Your Time! QUESTIONS? Arup www.arup.com 60 State Street Boston MA 02109 Jonathan Eisenberg, P.E. tel: 617 349 9240 jonathan.eisenberg@arup.com

Brief Overview of NFPA Codes 30, 55 & 400 March 29, 2018 Lisa Hartman, NFPA Director, Industrial & Chemical Engineering Jonathan M. Eisenberg PE, Arup Associate Principal Americas Science Leader IT S A BIG WORLD. LET S PROTECT IT TOGETHER. TM NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved.

Agenda NFPA Code Highlights- Life Sciences NFPA 30 Flammable & Combustible Liquids Code NFPA 400 Hazardous Materials Code NFPA 704 Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response NFPA 55 Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids Code NFPA Resources Questions NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved. 46

NFPA 30 Outline Chapter 1 Administration Chapter 2 References Chapter 3 Definitions Chapter 4 Definition and Classification of Liquids Chapter 5 Reserved Chapter 6 Fire and Explosion Protection Chapter 7 Electrical Systems Chapter 8 Reserved Chapter 9 Container Storage General Chapter 10 Container Storage Mercantile Chapter 11 Container Storage Industrial Chapter 12 Container Storage-Storage Occupancies Chapter 13 Container Storage Detached Chapter 14 Hazardous Materials Lockers Chapter 15 Outdoor Storage Chapter 16 Indoor Liquid Storage NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved.

NFPA 30 Outline Chapter 17 Processing Facilities Chapter 18 Dispensing, Handling, Transfer and Use Chapter 19 Specific Operations Chapter 20 Reserved Chapter 21 Tank Requirements Chapter 22 Aboveground Storage Tanks (ASTs) Chapter 23 Underground Storage Tanks (USTs) Chapter 24 Storage Tank Buildings Chapter 25 Storage Tank Vaults Chapter 26 Reserved Chapter 27 Piping Chapter 28 Bulk Unloading Tank Cars Chapter 29 Wharves Annexes A Explanatory Material Annexes B - I NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved.

NFPA 30 Summary A broad-based mandatory document that covers general storage and handling of liquids that can burn and operations involving these liquids. It covers storage and handling in small containers, in large shipping containers, and in bulk storage tanks, both aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) and underground storage tanks (USTs). It covers basic fire safety measures for operating facilities, such as chemical plants, distilleries, refineries, and other process plants. It covers small scale handling, such as might occur in a machine shop or manufacturing plant. Establishes specific provisions for certain operations, such as heat transfer systems that use combustible liquids as the heat transfer medium, vapor recovery systems, and small solvent recovery equipment. NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved. 51

NFPA 30 An Umbrella Specific Documents NFPA 30A, Code for Motor Fuel Dispensing Facilities and Repair Garages NFPA 30B, Code for the Manufacture and Storage of Aerosol Products NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil-Burning Equipment NFPA 32, Standard for Dry-cleaning Plants NFPA 33, Standard for Spray Application Using Flammable or Combustible Materials NFPA 34, Standard for Dipping, Coating, and Printing Processes Using Flammable or Combustible Liquids NFPA 36, Standard for Solvent Extraction Plants NFPA 37, Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved. 52

NFPA 30 vs. GHS Classification GHS Category Criteria, C ( F) NFPA 30 Class Criteria, C ( F) Flash Point Boiling Point Flash Point Boiling Point 1 <23 (73) 35 (95) IA <23 (73) <38 (100) 2 <23 (73) >35 (95) IB <23 (73) 38 (100) 3 23 (73) & 60 (140) na IC, II 23 (73) & <38 (100) 38 (100) & <60 (140) na 4 >60 (140) & 93 (199) na IIIA 60 (140) & <93 (200) na IIIB 93 (200) na

Relative Risk and Hazards Flashpoint-lowest temperature at which enough vapors are given off to ignite with an ignition source. Boiling point-temperature where pressure of liquid equals atmospheric Concentration in air (Flammable/Explosive range, vapor pressure) Ignition source NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved. 54

NFPA Classification Examples Class IA Diethyl Ether, Ethylene Oxide, some light crude oils Class IB Acetonitrile, Ethanol, IPA Class IC Xylene, some paints, some solvent based cements Class II Diesel Fuel, Paint Thinner Class IIIA Home Heating Oil Class IIIB Cooking Oils, Lubricating Oils, Motor Oil Note: Aqueous alcohol solutions are either: Class 1C, II, IIIA & IIIB NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved. 55

Concentration in Air-Flammable Range or Flammable Limits (AKA Explosive Range or Limits) Vapors need air and ignition source to burn (fire triangle) Proportion of a particular flammable or combustible vapor that will ignite is known as flammable or explosive range Mixtures ignite between the lower and upper flammable limit-expressed as % by volume of vapor in air Below too lean / above too rich NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved. 56

NFPA 70 NEC Electrical Area Classifications ARTICLE 500 Hazardous (Classified) Locations, Classes I, II, and III, Divisions 1 and 2 ARTICLE 501 Class I Locations -> flammable/combustible liquids ARTICLE 502 Class II Locations ARTICLE 503 Class III Locations ARTICLE 504 Intrinsically Safe Systems ARTICLE 505 Zone 0, 1, and 2 Locations (Alternate) ARTICLE 506 Zone 20, 21, and 22 Locations for Combustible Dusts or Ignitable Fibers/Flyings (Alternate) NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved. 58

Sources of Ignition Flames Welding Hot surfaces Static Electricity etc. Note: It is the vapors that burn and not the liquid. Vapors can be ignited at distance away from source and flash back. NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved. 59

NFPA 400 Outline Chapter 1 Scope, purpose, application Chapter 2 References Chapter 3 Definitions Chapter 4 Classification Chapter 5 Permissible storage and use (MAQ Tables) Chapter 6 Fundamental requirements Chapter 7- Emergency Chapter 8-Reserved Chapter 9-Security Chapter 10-Performance based option Chapter 11 Ammonium Nitrate Chapter 12 Corrosives Chapter 13 Flammable Solids Chapter 14 Organic Peroxides Chapter 15 Oxidizers Chapter 16 Reserved Chapter 17 Pyrophorics Chapter 18 Toxics Chapter 19 Unstable Reactives Chapter 20 Water Reactives Chapter 21 Compressed Gases Annexes A Explanatory Material Annexes B - I 61

NFPA 400 Summary Classifies the hazardous material Provides you with the maximum amount (MAQ) that should be stored in a particular occupancy before requiring special construction requirements. Provides methods for increasing amounts by using special protections such as sprinklers or special storage requirements. (often doubles for each additional feature) Provides storage use and handling requirements for all covered materials. NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved.

Classify hazardous material Determine quantity to be used or stored YES Quantity exceeds MAQ? NO Or gate Apply provisions for protection levels Apply provisions for multiple control areas No special construction features required 64

Step One-Classify the Material Example-Unstable Reactives 3.3.61.10.1* Class 1 Unstable (Reactive). Materials that in themselves are normally stable, but that can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. 3.3.61.10.2* Class 2 Unstable (Reactive). Materials that readily undergo violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures. 3.3.61.10.3* Class 3 Unstable (Reactive). Materials that in themselves are capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction, but that require a strong initiating source or that must be heated under confinement before initiation. 3.3.61.10.4* Class 4 Unstable (Reactive). Materials that in themselves are readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction at normal temperatures and pressures. NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved.

Step Two- Determine the MAQ Allowable amounts per control area are dependent on the occupancy Determine occupancy and go to MAQ table for that occupancy to see if amount exceeds the MAQ Note the MAQ increases with: Sprinkler protection (2x) Storage in approved cabinets, safety cans, ventilated enclosures (2x) Increases applied accumulatively NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved.

Maximum Allowable Quantity (MAQ) Concept THRESHOLD above which you must have special construction (PROTECTION LEVEL) and follow the material specific chapters in NFPA 400. MAQs are dependent on the type of occupancy MAQs can be exceeded just need to follow additional requirements MAQs are given per CONTROL AREA..multiple control areas are allowed NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved.

Step Three- Determine if above or below the MAQ If below MAQ per control area no further requirements in material specific chapters, just the general requirements in Chapters 6-9 apply If above MAQ per control area then must use special construction: Protection Levels 1-5 and the material specific chapters (Chapters 11-21) apply NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved.

NFPA 400 Quantity Requirements In a Nutshell Keep amounts below the (MAQ) per control area OR Construct to appropriate Protection Level and follow the material specific chapters NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved.

Control Area A building or portion of a building or outdoor area within which hazardous materials are allowed to be stored, dispensed, used, or handled in quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantities (MAQ). Can have multiple control areas up to a maximum depending on the floor level and fire resistance Control Areas are separated by particular fire resistance: 1 or 2 hours (includes floors, walls, and all supporting construction) NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved.

Control Areas Flammable Solid Storage = MAQ is 125 lb. Sprinkler Protection Provided = Footnote D allows a 100% increase

Protection Level Protection Level describes a tier of building safety that exceeds the construction requirements for control areas The MAQ is able to be exceeded due to the increased protective measures associated with the Protection Level provisions imposed The Protection Level required is dependent on the Hazard Level of the contents Protection Level construction allows you to exceed the MAQ NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved.

Other Requirements in NFPA 400 for Hazardous Material-Chapters 6-9 Fundamental requirements that apply to all hazardous materials include: Haz-Mat releases Personnel training Ignition source controls Equipment and processes, tanks etc. Shelf construction Separation of incompatibles Additional requirements when above MAQ Fire Protection Systems Egress Dispensing requirements Chapter 7 Emergency planning Chapter 9 Security planning

Example of NFPA 400 Application 77

Calcium Hypochlorite Industrial Occupancy 100-5 gallon buckets Used in open containers

What Do I Need to Know to Apply NFPA 400? What is the Material? Calcium Hypochlorite What is the Occupancy? Industrial How is the Material stored? 5 gallon pails in corner of building What is the Amount of Material? ~ 500 gallons in storage 5 gal in use Are there Sprinklers? No What is the building construction? How is the Material used-closed or open use? Open use-1 bucket at a time (5 gal) One open building, single control area

Classify the Material G.3.4 Class 3 Oxidizers. The following are typical Class 3 oxidizers: (1) Ammonium dichromate (2) Calcium hypochlorite (over 50 percent by weight unless covered in other formulations in (3) Calcium hypochlorite (over 50 percent by weight) (4) Chloric acid (10 percent maximum concentration) 3.3.72.3 Class 3. An oxidizer that causes a severe increase in the burning rate of combustible materials with which it comes into contact or a solid oxidizer classified as Class 3 when tested in accordance with the test protocol set forth in G.1.

Determining MAQ for the Occupancy

Amount Exceeds MAQ per Control Area Must go to Protection Level Construction Material is considered a High hazard level 3 as defined in standard so therefore Protection Level 3 construction applies. AND must follow Chapter 15 requirements for Class 3 Oxidizers NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved. 83

NFPA 704 Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response Hazards and their severity are indicated using a simple, readily recognized, and easily understood marking system. Major differences between NFPA 704 & HazCom 2012 (based on GHS): Definitions Labels e.g. flammables/combustibles & hazardous materials NFPA: 0 least hazardous 4 most hazardous HazCom 2012: 1 most hazardous 4 least hazardous NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved.

OSHA and NFPA Quick Card www.nfpa.org/704 NFPA 704, 2017 edition Current & Prior Editions Tab NFPA/OSHA Quick Card Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Next edition Tab NFPA 704, 2022 edition is now open for public input! NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved. 86

NFPA 55 Outline Chapter 1 Administration Chapter 2 References Chapter 3 Definitions Chapter 4 General Requirements Chapter 5Classification of Hazards Chapter 6 Building-Related Controls Chapter 7 Compressed Gases Follow Chapters 1-7 Medical Gases Systems: NFPA 99 Health Care Facilities Code Chapter 8 Cryogenic Fluids Chapter 9 Bulk Oxygen Systems Chapter 10 Gas Hydrogen Systems Chapter 11 Bulk Liquefied Hydrogen Systems Chapter 12 Gas Generation Systems Chapter 13 Insulated Liquid Carbon Dioxide Systems Chapter 14 Storage, handling, and Use of Ethylene Oxide for Sterilization and Fumigation Chapter 15 Acetylene Cylinder Charging Plants Chapter 16 Liquid Nitrous Oxide Systems Annexes A Explanatory Material Annexes B - I NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved.

NFPA Resources NFPA Codes & Standards NFPA 30/30A, NFPA 55, 704 NFPA 400, NFPA 70 Fact Sheets & Safety Tip Sheets Handbooks: NFPA 30 Supplemental Materials & Examples Training: classroom, onsite, and online Visit: www.nfpa.org! NFPA.ORG National Fire Protection Association. All rights reserved.

Questions Lisa Hartman Director, Industrial & Chemical Engineering 617-984-7221 lhartman@nfpa.org TM

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SEF Presents: NFPA Code, Hazardous Materials. Thursday March 29, 2018