The (Hot) Water Efficient Commercial Kitchen Charles M. Bohlig East Bay Municipal Utility District cbohlig@ebmud.com 2
Foodservice is energy intensive... 600 500 BTU per FT2 400 300 200 100 0 Retail Office Lodging Restaurant and water intensive
Population Sample: Restaurant Water Usage 28,000 26,000 24,000 22,000 20,000 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Gallon/Day 1 29 57 85 113 141 169 197 225 253 281 309 337 365 393 421 449 477 505 533
The Energy Pie and Where the Water is Used Refrig 6% Water-cooled condensing Ice machines Sanitation 18% Dish washers Glass washers Pot washers Pre-rinse nozzles Conveyor spray Manual wash down Lighting 13% Evaporative cooling Cooling towers HVAC 28% Steamers Combination ovens Food Prep 35% Pasta cookers Steam tables Sinks: defrosting Sinks: food washing Table water
U.S. Water and Waste Water Rate Increase Water Sewer CPI Cumulative Rate Increase 45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 7.1 7.8 7.2 12.1 8.8 7.0 7.9 6.5 4.6 10.1 4.9 12.3 4.5 4.7 3.5 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Source: AWWA/Raftelis Financial Consultants, Inc.
Cost of Electricity for Small Commercial
U.S. Energy Information Administration 10/16/2007
Savings in the dishroom.
Low-Flow Pre-Rinse Valves $500/yr 1.6 gpm 2.6 gpm 4.5 gpm @ 1.0 hr per day usage $1400/yr
Spray Valves Comparison 1.6 gpm, 2.5 gpm, 4.5 gpm Nozzles gpm rated flow 1.6 gpm 2.5 gpm 4.0 gpm Daily usage (hrs) 1.0 1.0 1.0 Gallons/day Annual Heat Cost Annual Water Cost Annual Sewer Cost 90 $270 $90 $140 150 $425 $140 $220 270 $760 $260 $390 Total Annual Cost $500 $785 $1,410 Savings $285 $910 $1.20/therm, $5.00/unit of water & sewer, 360 d/y, 120 F water
Water and Energy Efficient Dishwashers Less then one gallon per rack Could reduce your water usage by 50%
High Temp, Door Type 6 Dishwashers 5.5 5 4.5 4 Gal/Rack 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Unit
High Temp Conveyor 3 Dishwasher 2.5 2 Gal/Rack 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Unit
Advance Design Rinse Nozzles. These advanced nozzles allow the dishwasher to use less water but still transfer the necessary heat energy to the soiled wares to ensure proper sanitation
High Temp Conveyor 1.1 Gal/Rack Total Annual Operating Cost: $14,000 $67 $98 $2,160 $294 $37 $1,700 Water Heater Booster Heater Dishwasher Tank Heater $2,013 Water Sewer $3,803 $2,097 Detergent Rinse Agent Booster Idle Energy Dishmachine Idle Energy System Preheat $1,040 $693 System Refill * Water/sewer, gas utility rate of $5.00 per unit, $1.20/ therm - 600 racks/day
High Temp Conveyor 0.9 Gal/Rack Total Annual Operating Cost: $10,750 (Savings = $3,250) $67 $98 $294 Water Heater $37 $1,134 Booster Heater $2,160 $2,268 $1,371 $2,160 Dishwasher Tank Heater Water Sewer Detergent Rinse Agent Booster Idle Energy Dishmachine Idle Energy System Preheat $693 $462 System Refill * Water/sewer, gas utility rate of $5.00 per unit, $1.20/ therm - 600 racks/day
Real World Application Gallons Per Hour Hours Used Per Day Annual Water Costs* Annual Waste Water Costs* Annual Water Heating Costs* Combined Annual Operational Costs Annual Savings With New Dishwasher Old Dishwasher New Dishwasher 500 8 $3,835 $5,750 $15,360 $24,945 214 8 $1,620 $2,425 $6,475 $10,520 $14,425 Flight-type Dish Machine * Water, waste water, and agency fee costs of $5.00 per unit, $1.20/ therm
Food Steamers: The open-system design sends a lot of energy and water down the drain.
Boiler Based Steamer (Not ENERGY STAR) Average Water Usage = 40 gph
Food Steamers: The closed-system steamer is much more energy and water efficient
Commercial Steamers Boiler Based vs. Boilerless
Evaluating the Water Saving Potential of Commercial Connectionless Food Steamers I. To quantify the potential annual water savings of the new generation connectionless / boilerless steamers. II. To validate the low energy usage measured in the laboratory setting. III. Download report: http://www.cuwcc.org/uploads/product/steamer-field-study-final- Report.pdf
Steamer Field Study Cost Comparison Steamer Type Boilerless Steamer (single compartments) Boiler-Based Steamer (single compartments) Annual Energy $912 $4,822 Annual Water $33 $979 Total Costs $945 $5,801 Saving $4,856 Based on monitoring 12 steamers with an average daily use of 6.5 hours 360 days/yr operation at $0.13/kWh & $5.00/100 cu.ft. water/sewer
Casual Dining 5 10 4 8 3 6 2 4 1 2 0 3 AM 6 AM 9 AM 12 PM 3 PM 6 PM 9 PM 12 AM 0 Time Water Consumption Rate (gpm) Electrical Energy Rate (kw) energy water
Timed vs. Manual Mode
Variation of Steamer Use 6:40 am 3:15 pm Steamer on manual mode 8.5 hours 69 kwh, 545 gallons 3:15 pm 11:00pm Steamer on timer mode 5 hours energized 30.5 kwh, 240 gallons AM: $4540 / year PM: $2005 / year Based on 360 days/yr operation at $0.13/kWh & $5.00/100 cu.ft. total water cost in Los Angeles.
The Little Drip That Could Even a small drip can add up to a lot of water 50,000 gallons/yr Or $350 for cold water but if it was a hot water leak - $760!!! Leak at 0.1 gpm
Temperature Pressure Relief Valve (TPR valve) Leak. One of the water heater s (160 F set point) pressure relief valves was leaking at a rate of 1/4 gallon/min. This in turn could cost up to $1,700 annually - energy only! Water and sewer cost - $875 or $2,575 combined. $5.00 per unit of water and sewer, 365d/y, 1 unit of water =748 gallons, $1.20 therm, 160 F
Online tool for estimating energy, water and life-cycle costs
Charles M. Bohlig cbohlig@ebmud.com (510) 287-0491