Your Green Future Belongs to Asia: Perspectives on Junkyard Planet
The Price of Chinese Recycling Labor 2002: RMB 600 1200/month 2014: RMB 2500-6000/month
Jiangxi Copper Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
Chinese Copper Production/Scrap (1980 2011) *figures are in millions of tons In 2011, 50% of Chinese copper came from scrap
Chinese Imported Copper VS Domestic Copper (2001 2011) *figures are in millions of tons
China And Other Developing Economies Still Have a Way to Go to Catch Up to Per Capita GDP in Developed Economies
S&P: China will be world s biggest consumer by 2018 Already: Top Iron Ore Consumer Top Gold Consumer Top Silver Consumer Top Aluminum Consumer Top Copper Consumer Top palladium consumer Top platinum consumer Top rare earth consumer Top Automobile Market Top Mobile Phone Market Top PC Market Top Refrigeration Market Top A/C Market
E-Waste Generation: US & China in 2012 US 9.359 mil tons China 7.935 mil tons
80%
How Much is Actually Exported? Peer Reviewed Studies Brevik, Armitage, Wania & Jones. Tracking the Global Generation and Exports of e-waste. Do Existing Estimates Add up Environ. Sci. Technol., 2014, 48 (15), pp 8735 8743. ***In 2005, 23% of e-waste generated in the OECD went to non- OECD countries. Lepawsky. The changing geography of global trade in electronic discards: time to rethink the e-waste problem. The Geographical Journal. 2014. DOI: 10.1111/geoj.12077 ***In 2012, less than 1% of total global trade in electronics discards moved from Annex VII to non-annex VII countries.
***Imported WEE: 70% functional; 20% repairable and refurbishable; 10% nonfunctioning US Government Study International Trade Commission. Used Electronic Products: An Examination of U.S. Exports. March 2014. ***0.13% of e-waste exported for final disposal, or dumping (excludes recycling and repair). UN Studies How Much is Actually Exported? Lagos & Freiberg. Informal E-waste management in Lagos, Nigeria socioeconomic impacts and feasibility of international recycling co-operations. 2011. UNEP. ***Nigeria 70% of all imported electronic equipment is functional. Of nonfunctional, 70% can be repaired. Only 9% is non-functional, non-repairable, and bound for recycling. SBC E-Waste Project. Ghana E-Waste Country Assessment. March 2011.
Global E-Waste Trade Network in 1996
Global E-Waste Trade Network in 2012
The Changing Geography of Global Trade in E-Waste
Components Recycling in China Guiyu, August 2013
Two Component Recycling Streams Re-use in China Export for refining (EU/Japan)
Xie Zhenhua, Vice-Chair, Nat l Development & Reform Commission (Guiyu, 2007)
Cheap New Goods Killing Re-Use Markets in China
Where Chinese E-Waste Isn t Going
The Future of Chinese Re-use: India and Africa
Producer Responsibility Take-Back System Launched May 1, 2013 after two years of trials. Each Province administers their own program using funds dispersed from the federal government. Currently covers CRTs, computers, refrigerators, washing machines, and airconditioners. Printers and mobile phones next.
Producer Responsibility Tax Per Unit Tax: Televisions: RMB 13/$2.13 Computers: RMB 10/$1.64 Refrigerators: RMB 12/$1.97 Washing machines: RMB 7/$1.15 Air-conditioners: RMB 7/$1.15 $1 = RMB 6.13
Subsidy for Approved Recyclers Television RMB 85/$13.90 Computer RMB 85/$13.90 Refrigerator RMB 35/$5.73 Washer RMB 35/$5.73 A/C unit RMB 85/$13.90
China s Licensed E-waste Management System Infrastructure: 64 licensed companies, including 7 demonstration bases Plans for 114 units Volumes: Current capacity: 88 million units/year Planned 94 million units Zhao Yang, General Manager of Chinese Southwest Renewable Resources Industrial Park (Neijiang, Sichuan)
Southwest China Resource Recycling Base Founded in 2010 Operational in 2011 131 acres 2000 employees CRT, PC, washer, and refrigerator dismantling; PET recycling 8000 CRTs/day dismantled In-house plastic recycling line CRT Glass-to-Glass Plant under construction Precious Metals Refinery Under Construction Mobile Phone Line Planned for 2014
Global E-Waste Trade Network in 2012
Eurasian WEEE Bridge?