CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY Grocery Equipment & Technologies Course: Making the Future Community Redevelopment, Hazelwood, Pittsburgh, PA 12/12/2013
Contents Summary...3 Assumptions... 3 Consideration for Sustainability... 3 Choice Identified...4 1. Introduction... 5 2. Vertical Night Covers...5 2.1. Case Studies: Vertical Night Covers...5 2.1.1. Save-A-Lot, Detroit, MI... 6 2.1.2. Marandino Foods, New Hartford, CT...6 2.2. Products: Vertical Night Covers...6 2.3. Applicability for this project... 6 3. Energy Efficient Dishwashers... 7 3.1. Case Studies: Dishwashers... 9 3.2. Products: Dishwashers... 9 4. Vertical Transportation...9 4.1. Products: Freight Elevators...10 5. Other Equipment...11 5.1. Case Studies...11 6. Possible Incentives...11 2
Summary The equipment and technologies proposed in the grocery store, the sustainability factors that are considered while proposing that equipment, and the assumptions made are all listed. Emphasis was given to equipment that are most commonly used in the café kitchen and certain energy saving measures those can be incorporated in grocery refrigeration cases. Assumptions The grocery store would be closed during nights The grocery store would host a small café Café would be a quick service kind of restaurant, usually in which one table is occupied every 30 minutes A small commercial kitchen, with dishwasher capacity requirement of less than 400 racks per hour Based on the field visit of a café at a local food co-op (East End Food Co-Op, Pittsburgh PA), a single tank rack dishwasher is assumed in the café. Consideration for Sustainability Energy Efficiency The energy consumed by some house hold equipment is shown in Figure1 Figure 1: Source energy consumption in the life cycle of the equipment 1 Water Efficiency Minimize/avoid the use of chemicals (in dishwashers) When there are multiple products which satisfy all the above mentioned conditioned, cost of the appliance (wherever available) was used for decision making. 1 http://www.appliancemagazine.com/ae/editorial.php?article=1393 3
Choices Identified Based on the above mentioned sustainability factors and assumptions, some of the equipment that are identified for the project are listed in Table 1. Table 1: Equipment and Technologies Identified for the 5017 Grocery Store and Café Technology/Equipment Models/Brands/Specification Hubert Night Curtains for open refrigeration EconoFrost Stripdoors Dishwasher Jet Tec 747 Meiko FV 40.2 Electrolux EUC3IG8 CMA 180 HTC Vertical Transportation KONE EcoSpace ABC Docks, LLC Vestil Manufacturing Scissor Lift Other Equipment in Kitchen EnergyStar Rated Equipment 4
1. Introduction This study evaluates various energy conservation technologies and equipment for the proposed grocery store at 5015, 2nd Avenue, Hazelwood, PA. Grocery store equipment, especially the refrigeration cases accounts to around 50% of the total energy consumption in the grocery. Efficient technologies not only reduce the energy consumption of the equipment, but also effect the space heating and cooling requirements. Further, it is assumed that the proposed grocery store would host a small café and restaurant for the community. Hence, in this study, the following energy efficiency technologies and equipment for the grocery store and its kitchen are studied: Vertical Night Covers Energy Efficient Dish Washers Energy Efficient Elevators Other equipment such as: vending machines, fryers, etc In this project, the following factors were considered while proposing the equipment: Energy Performance Financial feasibility (cost, payback or return on investment) 2. Vertical Night Covers Vertical night covers are woven aluminum fabric that is used to cover the open refrigeration cases during nights. The night covers prevent the hot air from entering the open refrigeration cases and the cool air entering the space, which therefore reduce energy consumption for both the refrigeration cases and the space heating. Some key features of these night covers are: low absorption and high reflectance values refrigeration case air temperature is -40 0 F cooler with use of night covers improves shelf life of the food low maintenance expected life of 10 years Assumptions: Since, the proposed grocery is a small scale grocery store which would be owned by a food co-op, it is assumed that the store is closed during the nights. 2.1. Case Studies: Vertical Night Covers Figure 1: Illustration of Vertical Night Covers 2 Two case studies relevant to the building in study were selected to study the applicability of the technology for the proposed grocery store in Hazelwood. Save A Lot, Detroit, MI Marandino Foods, New Hartford, CT 2 Image source: Prodew Night Covers 5
2.1.1. Save-A-Lot, Detroit, MI 3 Detroit is a Cool and Humid climate (zone 5A) similar to Pittsburgh Store installed 84 feet of vertical night covers Annual energy savings due to the night covers is 13,440 kwh Annual savings in cost due to night covers is $1,100 Figure 2: Night Covers Use in Save A Lot Store 2.1.2. Marandino Foods, New Hartford, CT 4 Cool and Humid climate (zone 5A) similar to Pittsburgh 48 vertical night covers were installed Predicted life time energy savings is 651,400 kwh 2.2. Products: Vertical Night Covers Some manufacturers and suppliers of vertical night covers are: 1. Hubert a. Cost: approximately $45 per cover b. Fabric lengths: 50 and 72 2. EconoFrost a. Cost: approximately $50 per cover b. Fabric length: 78 3. Stripdoors a. Cost: approximately $60 per cover 2.3. Applicability for this project Dairy display coolers width: 25.5 (as per the proposed floor plans) Approximate number of 4 wide night covers required: 6 Investment: 50 x 6 = $300 Figure 3: Night Covers in Marandino Foods 3 Information and image source: Save-A-Lot Food Stores, http://www.econofrost.com/acrobat/detroitedison_save-a-lot_casestudy.pdf, last accessed: 09/29/13 4 Information and image source: Marandino Foods, http://www.econofrost.com/acrobat/marandinoeconofrostcasestudy.pdf, last accessed: 09/29/13 6
3. Energy Efficient Dishwashers After refrigeration, food preparation has a high share in energy consumption. Using energy efficient equipment in kitchen along with some energy conservation practices is one way to reduce the equipment load and consumption. Energy efficient dishwashers result in lowering energy as well as water consumption. In this study, a standard commercial dishwasher is assumed for the kitchen. Any energy star rated commercial dishwasher consumes at least 25% less energy and water. Energy Star also reports that an energy star rated commercial dishwasher can save 5 : $700 in electricity annually $300 in water annually The payback period can be less than 2 year of a commercial dishwasher 6. Along with cost benefits, such energy efficient dishwashers also decrease the carbon footprint of the building. The energy star stated requirements for energy efficient dishwashers are as shown in Figure 4. Figure 4: Energy Efficient Requirements for Energy Star Quantified Dishwashers 7 As seen in Figure 4, the energy efficiency character of a dishwasher is judged by the Idle Energy Rate (IER). The rate at which energy is consumed by the dishwasher when it is not operating (idle) a nd still connected to the power to maintain a ready to operate state, is the Idle Energy Rate. Lower the IER the more energy efficient the dishwasher. The high temperature and low temperature setting refers to the temperature of water. Based on the sanitizing method, various temperature settings are available in dishwashers. For Energy Star rating, water consumed by the dishwasher is also important. EnergyStar specifies benchmark number which is the gallons of water consumed per each rack of dishwashing (for single rack dishwashers) or per square foot of rack or per hour. 5 http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/publications/pubdocs/restaurants_guide.pdf 6 http://epa.gov/statelocalclimate/documents/pdf/energyefficientpurchasing.pdf 7 Information sourced from: energystar.gov 7
A comparison of dishwashers performance and life time cost savings as provided by Department of Energy (DOE) in 2010 is shown in Table 2. Table 2: Example of Cost Effectiveness of Dishwashers Performance Base Model (DOE appliance standard) Best available Annual Energy Use 355 kwh 180 kwh Water Use per Cycle (maximum) 6.5 gallons 1.57 gallons Annual Water Use 1,400 gallons 338 gallons Annual Energy and Water Cost $35 $16 Lifetime Energy and Water Cost $350 $160 Lifetime Cost Savings - $190 Figure 5 and Figure 6 8 show the energy savings potential and the corresponding incremental cost of the dishwashers. Figure 5: Energy Savings Potential and Incremental Cost Figure 6: Possible Energy Savings in Different Dishwasher Types 8 Image source from: http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/corporate/commercial_appliances_report_12-09.pdf 8
3.1. Case Studies: Dishwashers 9 Though deployed at a much larger scale, the following examples show the potential of energy efficient dishwashers. 1. Barrett garden house, Boulder, CO a. Predicted savings of $30/year 2. North Santiam School District, OR a. Water use reduced by 1,200 gallons/year b. Electrical savings of more than $500 3. University of Cincinnati Recreation Center a. Water savings 400,000 gallons/year b. Utility cost savings of $7,700/year 3.2. Products: Dishwashers 10 Based on personal communication with East End Food Co-Op, Pittsburgh PA, a stationary single tank door dishwasher is being proposed for this project. Therefore, the IER should range between 0.6-0.7 kw and the water consumption should range between 0.89-1.18 gallons per rack. Hot water sanitizing dishwasher is proposed to reduce the use of chemicals especially in sanitization process. Since it would be a hot water sanitization, the high temperature IER (<= 0.6) and water consumption (<=0.89 GPR) will be applicable for this project. Examples of potential dishwasher models and their key features are discussed in Table 3 of this section. Table 3: Shortlisted Models of Dishwashers Model/Brand Idle Energy Water Consumption Capacity Approximate Cost ($) Rate (kw) (GPR) Jet Tec 747 0.25 0.66 40 8,500 Meiko FV 40.2 0.27 0.81 61 10,000 Electrolux EUC3IG8 0.39 0.54 60 8,500 CMA 180 HTC 0.5 0.82 40 8,500 Figure 5: Illustration of stationary single rack dishwasher 4. Vertical Transportation The proposed grocery in Hazelwood has a need for vertical transportation to deliver the grocery stock and produce. An energy efficient elevator is suggested to reduce the energy consumption and the equipment load on space conditioning. 9 Information sourced from: http://www.sustainablefoodequipment.com/energy-savings/ 10 Information sourced from: energystar.gov, http://www.toptenusa.org/top-ten-dishwashers/(view)/list/(sort)/msrp/(dir)/ascending 9
4.1. Products: Freight Elevators 1. KONE EcoSpace 11 low rise elevator is an example of energy efficient elevator, which uses KONE EcoDisc technology. This elevator is machine room less alternative, which saves the roof area of the grocery store. Some specifications of this elevator are: a. Machine room less b. Applicable for 2 floors c. Upto 70% energy savings compared to conventional hydraulic elevator d. Hosting machine: Gearless EcoDisc KONE EcoDisc Specifications 2. A double scissor lift 13 is an example of a simpler elevator that meets the requirement of the project. Some models and specifications of the lift are as discussed in Table 4 Position of the lift on site 12 Table 4: Scissor Lift Options Model/Manufacturer Capacity Raised Height Size Motor ABC Docks, LLC 2000-6000 lbs 70-132 - 1 HP http://www.aaronbradley.com/sciss or-tables-lifts/double-scissor-lift.php Vestil Manufacturing http://www.vestilmfg.com/products /ergosol/double_scizlift.htm 1000-5000 lbs 72 Width: 34"-48" Length: 64"-88" 2 HP 11 http://cdn.kone.com/www.kone.us/images/kone-ecospace-elevator.pdf?v=2 12 Image sourced from: Jenna and Shalini 13 http://www.aaronbradley.com/scissor-tables-lifts/double-scissor-lift.php 10
5. Other Equipment 14 It is suggested that the energy performance of all other equipment in the grocery store and café should be evaluated, and they should possibly be Energy Star quantified products. Some kitchen equipments that are Energy Star quantified are: 1. Vending Machine: An Energy Star rated machines are 50% more efficient than standard models 2. Fryers: An Energy Star quantified fryer could save $ 100 annually in electricity (electric fryer) or $470 annually in gas (gas fryer) 3. Ice Machine: An Energy Star quantified fryer could save $ 130 annually in electricity and $18 annually in water 4. Convection Oven: An Energy Star quantified oven could save $190 annually in electricity (electric oven) or $360 annually in gas (gas oven) 5. Holding cabinets: An Energy Star quantified holding cabinet could save $650 annually in electricity 5.1. Case Studies 15 1. Vending Machines: a. State University of New York at Buffalo i. 132 vending machines ii. Annual Savings: $20,948 iii. b. Davis School District, Utah i. 221 vending machines Annual Energy Savings: 261,849 kwh ii. Annual Savings: $33,150 iii. Annual Energy Savings: 397,800 kwh 6. Possible Incentives Use of energy efficient equipment in groceries can provide certain state and/or federal incentives. The incentive amount varies with the energy efficiency measure and applicability. Some such incentives applicable for this project are: Duquesne Light Company - Commercial and Industrial Energy Efficiency Program FirstEnergy (MetEdison, Penelec, Penn Power) - Commercial and Industrial Energy Efficiency Program Philadelphia Gas Works - Commercial and Industrial Equipment Rebate Program Energy-Efficient Commercial Buildings Tax Deduction 14 Information sourced from: energystar.gov 15 Information sourced from: energystar.gov 11