PREPARE FOR CHANGE LOW GWP ALTERNATIVES. November 17

PREPARE FOR CHANGE LOW GWP ALTERNATIVES November 17

F-GAS PHASE DOWN

Where we are now F-Gas regulation places restrictions on the use of some HFC refrigerants of high GWP. This is indirectly achieved by setting limits on the GWP of products used in specific types of systems. The aim of the process is to reduce the contribution of refrigerant gases to Global Warming. R404A has a GWP of 3922 and is amongst a group of refrigerants with GWP > 2500 which will be most affected within a relatively short period of time (2020).The others of concern include R507, R422A, R422D, R428A and R434A.

Key Elements of the F-Gas Regs. Bans in new equipment Suppliers Contractor/ End User Phase down of HFC F-Gas regulations Service ban on HFC with GWP>2500 Leak Checks Training Reporting, Records Recovery etc

F-GAS: CAP & PHASE DOWN OF HFC S 120% 100% 80% Average of 2009-2012 % of Baseline (CO 2 equivalent) 2017 picture is uncertain; pre-charged equipment falls under quota (-11% in supply), but all new cars must ship with LGWP refrigerant (effect is uncertain) 60% % of base 40% 20% 0% 2015 2016 17 2018 20 2021 23 2024 26 2027 29 2030

Compliance checklist for EU F-Gas regulation Purchase of new equipment - Comply with bans on use of HFC s in new equipment. - Take account of service bans when selecting refrigerants - Take account of HFC phasedown when selecting refrigerants. Operation of existing equipment - Mandatory leak checks and repairs. - Use CO 2 e* size thresholds for leak check schedule. - Use CO 2 e size thresholds for automatic leak detection. - Keep records of all equipment using F-gas refrigerants. - Service ban affecting existing high GWP systems. - Use qualified personnel only. Recovery / end of life requirements - High quality recovery of F-gas refrigerants by qualified engineers. * CO 2 equivalent

The upcoming changes under F-Gas 2017 All filled units imported into the EU need quota. Approx. 11% reduction in available gas this year 2018 Decrease of 37% for available virgin HFC products available to be placed on the market 2020 In new stationary systems, ban on refrigerants with GWP>2500. (except below -50 C)

The upcoming changes under F-Gas 2020 2022 Service ban for existing equipment with virgin refrigerants of GWP>2500 where charge size is greater than 40 tonnes of CO 2 equivalents. Ban on the use of virgin refrigerants of GWP>150 in new hermetic and multipack centralized systems. (There are some exceptions such as cascades) 2025 Ban on the use of virgin refrigerants of GWP>750 for use in single split air con where charge < 3kg

F-Gas Service bans with existing systems From 1 st Jan 2020, use of virgin HFCs with GWP>2500 to service and maintain commercial refrigeration systems with a charge size>40 tonnes CO 2 e* shall be prohibited. Virgin HFC s below this level can be used to service existing installations (R407F, R407A, R448A,R449A, R134a etc.) *The charge size threshold is equivalent to 10kg of HFC R404A. Options: 1 Replace existing plant with new equipment designed to run with refrigerants of lower GWP, good for plants near to end-of-life. 2 Retrofit existing plant to replace R404A with lower GWP alternatives such as R407A, R407F, R448A and R449A with an energy efficiency increase of between 4-15% depending on the system. 3 Reclaim R404A which can be used until 1 st Jan 2030. This uses A-gas bespoke technology to return R404A to its initial specification.

F-Gas - The need for labels You must add a label if you add an F-Gas to refrigeration, fire protection or air conditioning equipment when you re installing it. The label must state: that the equipment contains an F-Gas. the industry name for the F-Gas, or the chemical name if there isn t an accepted industry name. From 2017 the label must also state the: mass of F-Gas in the equipment (in kg) carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) equivalent mass of F-Gas in the equipment (in tonnes) the global warming potential of the F-Gas

Keeping Records An F-Gas requirement The operator of equipment, and the company that services it, must keep the following records about any equipment that has to be checked for leaks (ie any equipment that contains an F-Gas equivalent to more than 5 tonnes of CO 2 ): quantity and type of gas in the equipment when it s installed quantity and type of gas added during any maintenance (eg leak repairs) details (name, address and certificate number if relevant) of any companies that install, service or decommission the equipment. dates and results of all mandatory leak checks. measures taken to recover and dispose of gases when disposing of the equipment (eg disposing of it through a registered waste carrier.). It must be recorded if the gas used in the equipment has been recycled or reclaimed and if so the: details of the recycling or reclamation facility (name, address and certificate number if it has one). quantity of any gases recovered. Records must be kept for 5 years.

Record Keeping with Gas-Trak Online (GTO) Acting as the central control point, the Desktop Web Portal enables users to manage their account, customer records, job lists and cylinder fleet. Whether it s a new installation, a service call or decommissioning, customers can track F-Gas and cylinder usage. The CFM enables you to manage your cylinders and control rental costs. Generate cylinder rental status reports and utilise the rental traffic light warning system. Collect and return cylinders whilst on the move by simply scanning the cylinder barcode. Record any supplier s cylinders.

The Process for deciding on leak checks

Frequency of leak checks Fluorinated greenhouse gases (t CO 2 eq) Maximum Frequency of leak checks No Leakage detection system 5-50 12 months 24 months 50-499 6 months 12 months 500 3 monthly 1 6 months Leakage detection systems 1 Leakage detection systems are mandatory when the equipment contains more that 500t CO 2 -eq of refrigerant. Note: As of January 1 st 2017, leak checks are mandatory for all systems >5 t CO 2 eq (< 3 kgs for installed systems or < 6kgs for hermetically sealed equipment, These were previously given exemption)

Leak Check Considerations In General The alternatives to HIGH GWP Refrigerants have:- Considerably higher glide. Potentially higher discharge temperatures. Changes in mass flow rate. Different operational pressures. Leakage issues Dependant upon location small leaks can be topped up. After repeated SMALL LEAKS it would be a good precaution to have the refrigerant composition checked. Any substantial leak you should have the composition checked prior to topping up, or carry out a complete recharge.

t CO 2 / kg Equivalents Refrigerant GWP 5 t CO 2 eq 10 t CO 2 eq 40 t CO 2 eq 50 t CO 2 eq 500 t CO 2 eq R32 675 7.41 kg 14.81 kg 59.26 kg 74.07 kg 740.74 kg R134a 1410 3.55 kg 7.09 kg 28.37 kg 35.46 kg 354.61 kg R404A 3922 1.27 kg 2.55 kg 10.20 kg 12.75 kg 127.49 kg R407F 1825 2.74 kg 5.48 kg 21.92 kg 27.40 kg 273.97 kg R410A 2188 2.29 kg 4.57 kg 18.28 kg 22.85 kg 228.52 kg R448A 1387 3.60 kg 7.21 kg 28.84 kg 36.05 kg 360.49 kg R449A 1397 3.58 kg 7.16 kg 28.63 kg 35.79 kg 357.91 kg R452A 2140 2.34 kg 4.67 kg 18.69 kg 23.36 kg 233.64 kg R454B 466 10.73 kg 21.46 kg 85.84 kg 107.30 kg 1072.96 kg R455A 148 33.78 kg 67.57 kg 270.27 kg 337.84 kg 3378.38 kg

Leak Checks - additional There s no maximum interval for leak checks on hermetically sealed refrigeration and air conditioning systems unless they contain F-Gas equivalent to 10 tonnes CO 2. That s equal to 2.55kg of R404A or 7kg of R134a. There s no maximum interval for leak checks on refrigeration systems in vehicles, unless the vehicle is a refrigerated truck or trailer. The maximum intervals didn t apply until 2017 for equipment that contains less than 3 kg of F-Gas. They apply NOW!

When is a ban not a ban? The phasedown quota system is written into UK law and generally does not refer to specific gases. It runs parallel to the F-Gas Bans. The quota allows for a mix of products as it measures CO 2 equivalent Tonnes. The phasedown effect on individual high GWP products, such as R404A, is difficult to predict due to this but as the gap between demand and available quota increases, the pressure will be on to reduce the quantity of high GWP products significantly. Most of the comments will also apply to other gases with GWP > 2500. These are R507, R422A, R422D, R428A and R434A.

REFRIGERANTS EU SUPPLY & DEMAND 8000 7000 6000 Likely supply crunch tonnes 5000 4000 Assumes significant +ve effect on available quota from MAC directive UK demand estimate UK Supply (BAU) 3000 2000 2015 2016 2017 2018

Sold in Kg s Kg Refrigerant 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 - R404A Performax LT R134a R410A R407A R407C C02 2016 (kg)

CO 2 Equivalent 2016 (tco 2 eq) tco 2 eq 1,000,000 900,000 800,000 700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 - R404A Performax LT R134a R410A R407A R407C C02 GWP (tco2 eq)

COMBINED CHART Combined CO2 and Refrigerant 1,200,000 1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 - R404A Performax LT R134a R410A R407A R407C C02 GWP (tco2 eq) 2016 (kg)

Strategies to adopt to the changing regulatory environment Existing estate Reduce exposure to rising refrigerant prices: Retrofit R404A where feasible with lower GPW Products like R407F. R452A can be used in some smaller LT systems. Drive down leakage rates to make the reclaimed product last longer.(this is outside the scope of F-Gas quota). New equipment Stop installing R404A (R407A/F or R448A/R449A will buy time). Any new system will have to be retrofitted in a few years time. Integrals can use hydrocarbons as a long term solution. Large multipack systems (>40kw) need to go to naturals, a cascade CO 2 system or wait for a LGWP R404A replacement such as R455A (L40X). DOING NOTHING IS NOT A VIABLE STRATEGY

Items to Consider when Retrofitting Due to changes in:- Mass flow rates. Volumetric capacity. Operational Pressures. It would be prudent to consider:- Re-calibration / Replacement of the expansion device. Investigating an Electronic expansion device, making superheat setting easier. System design pressures and PRV s. Re-calibration of the pressure control devices of the system and pressure safety switches to ensure efficient control and reduce nuisance trips due to the change in operational pressures.

Retrofitting Systems Medium Temperature Systems These can generally be retrofitted with the minimum of disruption. Considering information already presented. Low Temperature Systems Dependent upon refrigerant choice, there will be an increase in compressor discharge temperatures resulting in the need for additional compressor cooling. R452A has been approved by several manufacturers of hermetic compressors due to a discharge temperature much closer to R404A. However it has a higher GWP than the rest of the alternatives. Check with your compressor manufacturer / supplier for suitability and guidance.

What are the Alternatives to high GWP gasses?

Low GWP Options Refrigerant GWP Flam. Class App. area R448A 1387 A1 Medium & low temp. refrigeration R449A 1397 A1 Medium & low temp. refrigeration R452A 2141 A1 Transport R454A 239 A2L Small non hermetic med. & low temp R454C 148 A2L Non hermetic med. & low temp R455A 148 A2L Hermetically sealed med. & low temp

R407F (Performax LT) Replaces ASHRAE #: HFC/HFO blend: ODP: GWP: ASHRAE safety: Glide: R404A R407F R32/R125/R134a Zero Ozone Depletion Potential 1825 (AR4) A1 non flammable 6.4K Compatible with POE lubricants Compressor approvals: Widespread. In >12000 supermarkets globally, fully qualified by leading OEMs.

R448A (N40) Replaces ASHRAE #: HFC/HFO blend: ODP: GWP: ASHRAE safety: Glide: R404A R448A Can be topped off while servicing (do not mix with R-404A) Compatible with POE lubricants Compressor approvals: R32/R125/R1234yf/R134a/R1234ze(E) Zero Ozone Depletion Potential 1387 (AR4) A1 non-flammable ~4-5K Bitzer, Dorin, Danfoss, Emerson, Frascold.

R449A (XP40) Replaces ASHRAE #: R404A R449A HFC/HFO blend: R32 / R125 / R1234yf / R134a ODP: Zero Ozone Depletion Potential GWP: 1397 (AR4) ASHRAE safety: A1 non-flammable Glide: ~4-5K Can be topped off while servicing (do not mix with R-404A) Compatible with POE lubricants Compressor approvals: Bitzer, Dorin, Danfoss, Emerson, Frascold & Tecumseh.

R452A (XP44) Replaces R404A/R507A ASHRAE #: R452A HFC/HFO blend: R32 / R125 / R1234yf ODP: Zero Ozone Depletion Potential GWP: ASHRAE safety: Glide: 2140 (AR4) A1 non-flammable ~3-4K Can be topped off while servicing (do not mix with R-404A) Compatible with POE lubricants Compressor approvals: Frascold, Danfoss, Tecumseh, Danfoss. Applications: High compressor discharge temperature e.g. transport, hermetic piston compressors.

R454A (XL40) Replaces ASHRAE #: HFC/HFO-blend: ODP: GWP: ASHRAE Safety: Glide: Compressor approvals: R404A, R507A, R407A, R407F R454A R32 / R1234yf Zero Ozone Depletion Potential 238 (AR4) A2L Mildly flammable ~4-5 K Danfoss, Frascold, Tecumseh. Compatible with POE lubricants

R454C (XL20) Replaces ASHRAE #: HFC/HFO-blend: ODP: GWP: ASHRAE Safety: Glide: R22; R407C R454C R32 / R1234yf Zero Ozone Depletion Potential 148 (AR4) A2L Mildly flammable * ~4-6 K Compressor approvals: Danfoss, Frascold, Tecumseh. Compatible with POE lubricants

R455A (L40X) Replaces ASHRAE #: HFC/HFO blend: ODP: GWP: ASHRAE safety: Glide: R404A R455A R32/R1234yf/R744 Zero Ozone Depletion Potential 148 (AR4) A2L Mildly-flammable ~6-12K Compatible with POE lubricants Compressor approvals: Danfoss

Pure HFO Replaces ASHRAE #: HFO: ODP: GWP: ASHRAE safety: Glide: Higher GWP products See below R1234yf or R1234ze Zero Ozone Depletion Potential 4,7 A2L or A1 0 Compatible with POE lubricants Compressor approvals: Danfoss, Frascold, Tecumseh,

R410A ALTERNATIVES

R410A Alternatives Product Trade Name GWP Glide Flam. Class R410 2088 <1K 1 R32 675 0 2L R454B (XL41) 466 1K 2L R452B (XL55) 676 <1K 2L

R32 ASHRAE #: HFC: R32 Single Component GWP: ASHRAE safety: Glide: 675 (AR4) A2L Mildly-flammable 0K Compatible with POE lubricants Compressor approvals: in progress (Already in use with Daikin)

R454B (XL41) ASHRAE #: HFC/HFO blend: R-545BA R32/R1234yf GWP: ASHRAE safety: Glide: 466 (AR4) A2L Mildly-flammable 1K Compatible with POE lubricants Compressor approvals: in progress

R452B (XL55) ASHRAE #: HFC/HFO blend: R-452B R32/R125/R1234yf GWP: ASHRAE safety: Glide: 676 (AR4) A2L Mildly-flammable <1K Compatible with POE lubricants Compressor approvals: TRANE Preferred Product

R134 ALTERNATIVES

R450A (N13) Replaces ASHRAE #: R134a R450A HFC/HFO blend: R134a/ R1234ze ODP: Zero Ozone Depletion Potential GWP: 604 (AR4) ASHRAE safety: A1 non-flammable Glide: ~0.4K MT / HT Refrigeration & Chillers Compatible with POE lubricants Compressor approvals: Bitzer, Danfoss, Dorin, Emerson, Frascold & Tecumseh.

R513A (XP 10) Replaces ASHRAE #: R134a R513 HFC/HFO blend: R134a/ R1234yf ODP: Zero Ozone Depletion Potential GWP: 631 (AR4) ASHRAE safety: A1 non-flammable Glide: 0 K MT / HT Refrigeration & Chillers Compatible with POE lubricants Compressor approvals: Bitzer, Danfoss, Dorin, Emerson, Frascold & Tecumseh.

Too many Choices? Help is at hand

Help in selecting the right alternative As you can see, there is no one size fits all approach. It depends heavily on the system being installed. A-Gas offers a system specific comparison of available replacements, allowing the engineer to choose what replacement gas is best for him from a report with over 20 relevant factors. Simply supply some system specifics. This can be applied to all the gases affected by the F- Gas GWP limits.

Help in selecting the right alternative DATA REQUIRED for REFRIGERATION SYSTEM MODELLING Enquiry from COMPANY NAME Contact Email Contact Phone What is the system [type] a/c, chiller, cold room, etc. Existing Refrigerant, [type] Age of system Years Evaporating Temperature [ C] Evaporating Pressure [bar] Evaporator Superheat [ k] Cooling Load [kw] Condensing Temperature [ C] Condensing Pressure [bar] Condenser Sub cooling [ k] Condenser Type [type] Air cooled, Water cooled, Evaporative etc. Pressure Rating of Pressure Relief Valves [bar] Design Rating for vessels [bar] Type of Expansion device [type] Thermostatic, Capillary tube, float valve etc. Compressor type [type] OPEN, Semi Hermetic, Hermetic Screw, Centrifugal, Piston, Scroll. Compression [type] Standard, compound Is it a flooded system? [yes / no] Can the client accept a loss of cooling capacity from the system?? Is the equipment in good condition? Use a traffic light method Green = Good Amber = not bad Red = Poor https://www.agas.co.uk/refrigerant-suggestions/

High GWP Retrofit Report Condenser=40ºC, Evaporator=-28ºC, Subcool amount=5k, Total Superheat= 10K R404A R407F R448A (N40) R449A (XP40) R454A (XL40) Safety Group A1 A1 A1 A1 A2L GWP CO 2 eq 3922 1825 1387 1397 246 Evaporating Temperature ºc -28.00-28.01-28.01-28.01-28.02 Evaporating Pressure bar.g 1.20 0.91 0.93 0.89 1.09 Evaporator Super Heat K 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Suction Line Superheat K 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Compressor Suction Temperature ºC -17.77-15.88-16.01-16.07-15.75 Compressor Discharge Temperature ºC 74.19 103.17 94.56 93.38 95.20 Condensing Temperature ºC 40.00 40.00 40.01 40.01 40.02 Condensing Pressure bar.g 17.21 17.19 16.90 16.59 17.19 Condenser Sub Cooling K 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Liquid Line Subcooling K 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Liquid Line Temperature ºC 34.83 32.79 32.68 32.69 32.27 Compressor Displacement m 3 /h 335.47 335.47 335.47 335.47 335.47 Volumetric Efficiency % 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 Isentropic Efficiency % 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 Mass Flow kg/s 0.97 0.69 0.73 0.73 0.74 Evaporator Cooling Capacity kw 100.00 107.19 103.97 101.88 108.38 Compressor Power kw 61.94 61.00 59.91 58.69 62.80 C.O.P. 1.61 1.76 1.74 1.74 1.73 Evaporator Glide K 0.45 4.25 4.02 3.88 4.54 Condenser Glide K 0.34 4.43 4.66 4.63 5.49 Volumetric Capacity kjm 3 1129.61 1210.84 1174.41 1150.83 1224.26 Evaporator Inlet Temperature ºC -28.22-30.14-30.02-29.95-30.29 Condenser Capacity kw 166.08 171.06 166.96 163.62 174.46 Compressor Power Usage to maintain Original Duty Est % 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.94 Estimated power cost P/A 36,628.05 33,649.55 34,072.79 34,064.24 34,262.81 Refrigerant Charge kg 100.00 107.11 104.97 105.10 95.32

BS-EN-378 (2016) EN 378: Proposed Update in 2016 Final Vote accepted in Q1, 2017 The new EN378 allows for FULL commercialization of A2L refrigerants! Trials can be done NOW.

BS-EN-378 (2016) EN 378 introduces some extra criteria in calculating charge size, and an emphasis on leak detection and control. Leak detection schedule based on CO 2 equivalent charge and automatic monitoring. Example - Max Charge without limitation: Refrigerant R290 R152a R1234yf R1234ze R32 Safety class A3 A2 A2L A2L A2L Charge [kg] 0,15 0,52 1,73 1,82 1,84 m 1 = 4m³ x LFL [kg/m³] x Factor Factor for 2L is 1,5

Summary Consider not installing New Systems with R404A. R407F is the better value option in the short term. The new HFO blends help manage the F-Gas phase down requirements R448A/R449A improves system energy efficiency (4-15%) R448A/R449A are the best overall performing, lowest GWP, A1, R404A alternative currently. R455A provides simple, cost effective solutions as the GWP<150 threshold is reached AGAS is working with the industry to help meet the requirements for the new standards in refrigeration

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