Appendix D Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Report Appendix D
REPORT: Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment Town of Perth Landfill part Lots 27 and 28, Concession 10, Geographic Township of Elmsley North, Lanark County PIF P376-0007-2016 Letourneau Heritage Consulting Inc. 347 McEwen Drive Kingston, Ontario K7M 3W4 Phone: 613-331-0988 Fax: 613-546-9451 E-mail: mrletourneau@lhcheritage.com Original Report September 8, 2016
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Report prepared for: Lyle Parsons, B.E.S. VP Environment, R.J. Burnside & Associates Limited Report prepared by: Project Archaeologist: Field Director (Site Inspection): Archival Research: Christienne Uchiyama, M.A., CAHP, P376 Marcus Létourneau, PhD, MCIP, RPP, CAHP Christienne Uchiyama Christienne Uchiyama Christienne Uchiyama ii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Letourneau Heritage Consulting Inc. (LHC) was retained by Lyle Parsons, VP Environment, R.J. Burnside & Associates Limited on behalf of their client, the Town of Perth, to prepare a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment (AA) for the Town of Perth Landfill Site, located in Perth, Ontario. The Stage 1 AA is being conducted as part of an Environmental Screening Process, a proponent lead self-assessment, under Ontario Regulation 101/07of the Environmental Assessment Act. The Town of Perth Landfill is a 44.76 hectare property located at 666 Wildlife Road, west of Rideau Ferry Road (County Road 1) and north of Wildlife Road. The legal description of the property is part of Lots 27 and 28, Concession 10, in the Geographic Township of Elmsley North, Lanark County. The Stage 1 AA was prepared by Christienne Uchiyama (P376) in compliance with the Ontario Heritage Act R.S.O. 1990, Chapter O.18 as per the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport's 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. A site inspection was conducted by Christienne Uchiyama on June 6, 2016. Permission to access the property was granted by the proponent. Based on the site inspection and a review of land use history and nearby features indicating archaeological potential, it was determined that portions of the Study Area exhibit elevated archaeological potential and a Stage 2 AA of previously undisturbed portions of the Study Area is recommended to be undertaken in the event that project-activities area undertaken in those locations. iii
Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... III 1.0 INTRODUCTION... 7 1.1 Purpose... 7 1.2 Methodology... 7 2.0 PROJECT CONTEXT... 9 2.1 Development Context... 9 2.2 Project Location... 9 2.3 Historical Context... 10 2.4 Archaeological Context... 12 2.4.1 Physical Features... 12 2.5 Registered Archaeological Sites and Previous Archaeological Assessments... 13 3.0 SITE INSPECTION... 14 3.1 Site Visit: Field Methods... 14 3.2 Site Visit: Findings... 14 4.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS... 15 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS... 16 6.0 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION... 17 7.0 CLOSURE... 18 8.0 SOURCES... 19 9.0 IMAGES... 22 10.0 MAPS... 26 List of Images Photo 1: 14m waste footprint, viewed from the top of the pyramidal mound (ML 2016)...22 Photo 2: Composting and kitchen organics area (left) with 14m waste area (right) (ML 2016)...22 Photo 3: Road around the landfill (ML 2016)...23 Photo 4: Administrative office building (ML 2016)...23 Photo 5: Wetland surrounding landfill to the west and north (ML 2016)...24 Photo 6: Forested area surrounding landfill (ML 2016)...24 iv
Photo 7: Fallow field north of landfill (ML 2016)...25 Photo 8: Agricultural fields surrounding landfill, viewed from Rideau Ferry Road (ML 2016)...25 List of Maps Figure 1: Location of Town of Perth, Ontario (Land Information Ontario 2016)...26 Figure 2: Project Location, Study Area (red) and 500m Bufferzone (orange), Environmental Screening Report, Study Area (R.J. Burnside, 2015)....27 Figure 3: Detail of a Map of the District of Bathurst showing Perth and River Tay (LAC NMC 15712)....28 Figure 4: Detail from 1846 Sketch of a proposed road from the Rideau to the Bonnechere (NMC14281)....29 Figure 5: Detail of 1863 Walling map of Lanark and Renfrew Counties (Walling, 1863)....30 Figure 6: Detail of 1880 historical atlas (Belden, 1880)....31 Figure 7: 1948 Air photo showing portion of Study Area (NAPL A11457 166)....32 Figure 8: 1964 Air Photo showing Study Area (NAPL A18523 100)...32 Figure 9: Areas of Archaeological Potential...33 Figure 10: Preliminary Design Concept (R.J. Burnside, 2016)...34 v
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1.0 INTRODUCTION Letourneau Heritage Consulting Inc. (LHC) was retained by Lyle Parsons, VP Environment, R.J. Burnside & Associates Limited on behalf of their client, the Town of Perth, to prepare a Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment (AA) for the Town of Perth Landfill Site, located in Perth, Ontario; being part of Lots 27 and 28, Concession 10, in the Geographic Township of Elmsley North, Lanark County. The Stage 1 AA was prepared by Christienne Uchiyama (P376) in compliance with the Ontario Heritage Act R.S.O. 1990, Chapter O.18 as per the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport's 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. A site inspection was conducted by Christienne Uchiyama on June 6, 2016. Permission to access the property was granted by the owner. Based on the site inspection and a review of nearby features indicating archaeological potential, it was determined that portions of the Study Area exhibit elevated archaeological potential and a Stage 2 AA is recommended to be undertaken in the event that project-activities area undertaken in those locations. 1.1 Purpose The purpose of a Stage 1 AA is to provide information about the land use history and present conditions of the subject property in order to evaluate the potential for the presence of an archaeological site or archaeological resources. Stage 1 AA involves detailed research into the geography, topography and history of the subject property. The study looks into any previous archaeological fieldwork conducted on or near the property as well as the site's current conditions. A more thorough Stage 1 AA results in a more accurate evaluation of a property's archaeological potential, thus reducing the possibility of unexpected delays later in the project due to archaeological concerns. Based on the findings of the Stage 1 AA, a recommendation will be made for further work or, in the event that there is a lack of archaeological potential, to clear the site from any further archaeological requirements. 1.2 Methodology The Stage 1 AA has been completed in accordance with the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport's (MTCS) 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. There are three basic components to a Stage 1 AA: background research; property inspection; and analysis/evaluation of archaeological potential. Background research for a Stage 1 AA involves, but is not limited to, reviews of: the geographical context and topographical features of the property; pre-european contact cultural context of the area; post European settlement land-use history and ownership records (e.g., land registry information, assessment rolls, census data, city directories, historical maps, aerial imagery); and existing registered archaeological sites within a 1 km radius of the subject property (based on the MTCS's Archaeological Sites Database) and previous archaeological fieldwork in the vicinity. 7
Property inspection is intended to assess, first-hand, the topographic and geographic context of the property and to identify any features of archaeological potential or modern disturbance. The property inspection may also identify areas that might affect further assessment strategies (if further work is warranted). The property inspection must be undertaken when weather conditions permit and visibility is good. Analysis/evaluation of archaeological potential is based on evidence collected during background research and current conditions observed during the property inspection. The following features or characteristics are indicative of archaeological potential (based on MTCS, 2011): previously identified archaeological sites within close proximity water sources primary water sources (i.e., lakes, rivers, streams, and creeks) secondary water sources (i.e., intermittent streams and creeks, marshes, swamps, springs) past water sources (i.e., glacial lake shorelines, relic water courses, former lakes, marshes or beaches) elevated topography pockets of well-drained sandy soil distinctive land formations access to raw materials or resources areas of early Euro-Canadian settlement or early historical transportation routes properties listed on municipal heritage inventories or registers places identified by local histories or oral tradition as being possible archaeological sites In instances where there is archaeological potential, that potential may have been removed or disturbed by extensive and deep land alterations. Activities causing extensive and deep land alterations might include: major landscaping involving grading, building footprints, or sewage and infrastructure development. It is possible for disturbances to have removed archaeological potential for part or all of a property. Based on the evaluation of archaeological potential, a recommendation will be made for either a) further work or, b) to clear the site from any further archaeological requirements. 8
2.0 PROJECT CONTEXT 2.1 Development Context The Town s existing landfill, located on part of Lots 27 and 28 Concession 10 in the Town of Perth, Ontario, has reached its approved capacity and is operating under an interim Environmental Compliance Approval (ECA). The landfill currently serves as the sole waste disposal facility for the Town s residents, business and industry. It has been a key component of the Town s infrastructure since its establishment in 1968. 1 In order to allow for continued operation, the Town is required to obtain approval to expand the landfill. The Town is currently studying options to expand its landfill under Ontario Regulation (O.Reg.) 101/07, known as the Waste Management Projects Regulation under the Environmental Assessment Act. An Individual Environmental Assessment (EA) was initiated by the Town in 2013 to address its future solid waste disposal needs. Based on guidance provided by the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) the Town now intends to use an Environmental Screening Process in place of the individual EA. This new Environmental Screening Process (The Process) is being carried out under Ontario Regulation 101/07 of the Environmental Assessment Act (EA Act). The Process is a proponent lead self-assessment. It does not require approval from the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, but does require consultation with relevant government agencies. The purpose of the Process is to assess advantages and disadvantages of expanding the landfill, identify potential impacts, and design appropriate mitigation measures to avoid or lessen potential impacts. Consultation with interested agencies, stakeholders, Aboriginal communities and the general public is an important part of the Process. 2 Preliminary design plans for additional infrastructure required for the expansion of the landfill site are included as Appendix B. The additional waste area is not expected to extend beyond the current footprint of waste area, and will be bounded by the existing ring road. A retaining pond may be constructed in a fallow agricultural field located on the existing property to the north of the identified waste disposal area. 2.2 Project Location The Town of Perth is located in eastern Ontario, approximately 70km southwest of the City of Ottawa and 75km north of the City of Kingston (Figure 1). The Town of Perth Landfill is a 44.76 hectare property located at 666 Wildlife Road, west of Rideau Ferry Road (County Road 1) and north of Wildlife Road. The legal description of the property is part of Lots 27 and 28, Concession 10, in the Geographic Township of Elmsley North, Lanark County (Figure 2). The landfill is located at the southernmost point of the Town of Perth. The boundary between the Town of Perth and Drummond/North Elmsley Township is located along Wild Life Road - to the south, and Rideau Ferry Road to the east. The Town also owns properties to the east, known as the Darou Farm, and to the west, known as the Norwood Property. The properties were acquired by the Town to support future development of the landfill and to provide an additional buffer. 3 1 R.J. Burnside & Associates Limited, Phase 1 Environmental Screening Report for the Expansion of the Town of Perth Landfill, Report prepared for the Town of Perth, February 2016: 10. 2 Ibid: 4. 3 R.J. Burnside, Phase 1 ESR, 2016: 4. 9
The landfill site currently consists of 6.0 hectares of fill area within the 44.76 hectare property. The waste footprint is limited to build on a large hill on the site with a roughly pyramidal shape, approximately 14 m in height. Additional waste diversion facilities included on the site are as follows: An area for composting of kitchen organics, leaf and yard waste, and other organics; A public drop off area; and, A waste transfer station for cardboard, scrap metal, and construction and demolition waste. Landfill infrastructure on the site includes a road system (paved, dirt, and gravel) to access various activity areas, several small, shed-like structures, an office, and scales. In addition to the landfill infrastructure and waste areas, the property includes wetlands, forested areas, and agricultural fields. Land-use in the surrounding area is a mix of agricultural (to the south, east and west), residential (to the north and east), and industrial (to the north) (Figure 2). The Study Area is located within the Algonquin Land Claim, which covers a large portion of eastern Ontario. It also falls within the traditional territory of/or the project may be of interest to several Indigenous communities: including the Algonquins of Ontario, Mohawks of Akwesasne, Algonquins of Pikwàkanagàn, Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte, Ottawa Regional Metis Council, and Metis Nation of Ontario. It is also located within the watershed of a Canadian Heritage River. 2.3 Historical Context The survey of Drummond and Elmsley townships began in 1816 as part of an effort to encourage the strategic settlement of Upper Canada along vulnerable transportation routes. 4 The government provided incentive for settlement of the area. In 1815, the government had issued a Proclamation at Edinburgh, Scotland, encouraging emigration. Families were offered grants of 100 acres of land, with male children being entitled to an equal grant upon turning 21 years of age. Rations from government stores were also to be provided for the first six to eight months. 5 A circa 1820 map of the Military Settlements of Upper Canada shows the extent of the area subject to the military-settlement scheme, and highlights settlement of Perth, and the Tay River (Figure 3). Thus, the early settlers in the area included among them a large number of Scottish immigrants. The settlement of Perth developed rapidly. The settlement straddled the Tay River; and in addition to its function as an anchor for the Rideau military settlements, it was also attractive as an industrial and commercial centre. In 1820 Reverend George Jehoshaphat Mountain describe the development of Perth: The settlement of Perth, so laboriously reached, affords one of the most encouraging examples of the kind that I have seen. It appears hardly credible that, less than four years ago, it was a portion of the wilderness, unexplored except by the wandering Indian hunter. Streets were laid out, and the building lots occupied, in some instances, by very good and 4 Larry Turner, Perth: Tradition & Style in Eastern Ontario, Toronto: National Heritage (1992): 11. 5 Clarence Halliday, The Scot Emigrants, in Perth Remembered, pp. 13-24. Perth, Ontario: Mortimer Ltd. (1967): 13. 10
neat houses; two places of worship erected; gardens and farms under cultivation, and yielding abundant returns 6 The District of Bathurst was created in 1822. It would later become the counties of Carleton, Lanark and Renfrew. In 1823, Perth became the District Town. 7 The strategic importance of the Tay River as a transportation route was vital to the early development of Perth and vicinity. The Study Area is within the area included on Deputy Provincial Surveyor Malcolm McPherson s 1846 Sketch of the Proposed Line of Road from the Rideau to the Boncher. The sketch shows some detail in the vicinity of the Study Area, including the Town of Perth, road to Oliver s Ferry (present-day Rideau Ferry Road), the Tay River, and proposed alterations are shown in red. Of note are several swampy areas to the east of the Study Area (Figure 4). The crown patent for the Lot 28, Concession 10 was granted to James Taylor (southwest half) and James McLaren (northeast half) April 13, 1824. 8 That same day, the crown patent for the Southwest half of Lot 27, Concession 10 was granted to Peter McPherson. The Northeast half of Lot 27, Concession was granted to William McPherson in 1828. 9 The southwest half of Lot 28 transferred to William Taylor upon his father s death in 1841. In 1842, the deed for the southwest half of Lot 27 was transferred from Peter to William. 10 James McLaren appears to have passed away sometime before October, 1849, at which point the northeast half of Lot 28 was transferred to his son, also James. Both McLaren and McPherson are listed in the 1851 Nominal and Agricultural Censuses, which include a great deal of information. McPherson and McLaren (Sr.) both immigrated to Canada from Scotland. By 1851, both had cleared a large portion of their property for agriculture and had built one-and-a-half-storey, stone houses. 11 The 1851 Census also indicates that a school house had been constructed in Lot 27, Concession 10. 12 An 1863 map of the Counties of Lanark and Renfrew indicates the location of this schoolhouse, School House No.8, in the southeast corner of Lot 27, near the intersection of present-day Rideau Ferry and Wild Life Roads (Figure 5). The map also indicates that Messrs. McLaren and Taylor had their homes at the north end of their lots, along presentday County Road 10 (Scotch Line). William McPherson s home is indicated along Rideau Ferry Road, in the vicinity of 2845 Rideau Ferry Road. The map also reflects the 1857 transfer of the southwest half of Lot 27 to Alexander Morris. A house is shown along County Road 10, near the north end of Morris property. Alexander Morris, who was born in Perth, was educated at Glasgow, Queen s and McGill Universities. Morris served as Minister of Inland Revenue in John A. Macdonald s Cabinet (1869-1872) and was appointed Chief Justice of 6 Turner, Perth, (1992) 33. 7 Turner, Perth, (1992) 33. 8 Lanark Land Registry Office (LRO 27). Land Title Abstracts. Microfilm Roll 27E10; page 69. 9 Lanark Land Registry Office (LRO 27). Land Title Abstracts. Microfilm Roll 27E10; page 69. 10 Lanark Land Registry Office (LRO 27). Land Title Abstracts. Microfilm Roll 27E10; page 69. 11 Census of 1851 (Canada East, Canada West, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia). Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa, Canada; Schedule A; Pages 77-78; Lines 4-22, and Schedule B; Pages 92-93; Lines 30 and 33. 12 Ibid; Schedule B; Pages 92-94; Line 35. 11
Manitoba (1872). He served as Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba (1873-1877) and the North-West Territories (1872-1876). Morris died October 28, 1889. 13 The 1880 historical atlas shows little detail in and around the Study Area (Figure 6). It should be cautioned that after 1878, the Dominion Illustrated Historical Atlas showed less detail. Whereas the earlier atlases included owner/tenant names for each lot, as well as the locations of private and public buildings, and important features such as mills and lime kilns, detail on these later atlases is limited to important or public buildings (e.g., churches, schools town halls), transportation routes, toll bridges, and the names of owners who subscribed to the atlas. In this case, Rideau Ferry Road is indicated to be a well-established road and a toll gate is located north of Lot 28, along County Road 10. The map also reflects the 1879 transfer of the southwest half of Lot 27 to John Spaulding. 14 Interestingly, the 1880 atlas shows the school house in Lot 26, at the northeast corner of the intersection of present-day Wild Life Road and Rideau Ferry Road (Figure 6). The schoolhouse appears to have moved to Lot 26 in 1874, at which time a portion of the lot was transferred to the Trustees School Section No. 8 North Elmsley. 15 Land use and ownership in and around the Study Area changed very little in the decades that followed. In 1944 part of the northeast half of Lot 27 was severed and lots were purchased by the Director of the Veterans Land Act. 16 A 1948 air photo shows the Study Area. At the time, it comprised actively cultivated agricultural fields including the McPherson farmstead, visible along Rideau Ferry Road (Figure 7). In 1967 the Town of Perth optioned portions of Lots 27 and 28, for use as a landfill. In 1968, the Town purchased the land. 17 The land-use history of the Study Area, as it relates to the extant landfill, began that year. The landfill began as a waste burning facility, where waste was burnt on a low-lying area on a parcel of vacant land. 18 The Study Area was part of land annexed from North Elmsley, for industrial parks 19 and the landfill. A 1964 air photo indicates how the area would have looked immediately prior to the establishment of the landfill (Figure 8). In 1974, the Town subdivided and sold several lots at the north end of Lot 27 and 28 for industrial development. 20 The first lots subdivided and sold were located close to Scotch Line, and do not include those adjacent to the Study Area. 21 2.4 Archaeological Context 2.4.1 Physical Features The Study Area lies along the interface between the Algonquin Highlands physiographic region, 22 a large area underlain by granite and other hard Precambrian rocks, and the Smiths Falls Limestone Plain. The area is characterised by generally shallow soils, although the depth of soils can vary greatly over short distances. The Study 13 The Canadian Encyclopedia, Alexander Morris, Accessed July 2016 at http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/alexander-morris/. 14 LRO 27. Land Title Abstracts. Microfilm Roll 27E10; page 67. 15 LRO 27. Land Title Abstracts. Microfilm Roll 27E10; page 113. 16 LRO 27. Land Title Abstracts. Microfilm Roll 27E10; page 68B. 17 LRO 27. Land Title Abstracts. Microfilm Roll 27E10; page 67, 68B, and 70A. 18 R.J. Burnside, Phase 1 ESR, 2016: 11. 19 Larry Turner, Perth: Tradition & Style in Eastern Ontario, Toronto: Natural Heritage (1992):102. 20 LRO 27. Land Title Abstracts. Microfilm Roll 27E10; page 67 and 70A. 21 LRO 27. Reference Plans 27R-283, 27R-375, and 27R-486. 22 Chapman and Putnam, The Physiography of Southern Ontario, Toronto: Ministry of Natural Resources, (1984): 113. 12
Area is underlain with clay. 23 Surficial geology in the Study Area comprises a calcareous Lanark Series clayey loam till, an imperfectly drained soil, grayish brown in colour. These soils are relatively easy to cultivate and rank among the best in Lanark County. 24 The most notable topographic feature in the Study Area is the wetland, which surrounds the landfill to the east and north (Figure 2). Small drainage ditches and seasonal streams were also noted around the site. 2.5 Registered Archaeological Sites and Previous Archaeological Assessments There are, at present, no registered sites within a 1 km radius of the Study Area. There are six registered sites within a 2 km radius of the Study Area (Table 1). 25 The Study Area has not been subject to previous archaeological assessment. Table 1: Registered Archaeological Sites within a 2km Radius of the Study Area. Borden Number Site Name Time Period Cultural Affinity Site Type BfGb-9 Log School/St. Andrews BfGb-3 Lanark County Court House Post-contact Euro-Canadian School/church Post-contact Euro-Canadian Administrative BfGb-2 Inge-va Post-contact Euro-Canadian Residential BfGb-2 Groundstone fish effigy Archaic Aboriginal Unknown BfGb-10 Churchyard Archaic Late Archaic Aboriginal Camp/campsite BfGb-1 McMartin House Post-contact Euro-Canadian Residential All six of the registered sites are located to the north of the Study Area, within the historic Town of Perth limits. The majority (four) of the sites represent Euro-Canadian sites, which were known (or thought) to have existed prior to archaeological investigations, based on historic period mapping. Two of the sites are Archaic period sites, located along the Tay River, a navigable watercourse, which transects the Town. The Tay River is situated more than 1.5km to the east of the Study Area, at its closest point. 23 Ibid: 197 and 121. 24 D.W. Hoffman, M.H. Miller and R.E. Wicklund, The Soils of Lanark County Ontario, Report No. 40 of the Ontario Soil Survey Ontario, Toronto and Ottawa: Ontario Department of Agriculture and Food and Canada Department of Agriculture (1967): 36. 25 Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, Site Data Search, PastPortal. Search undertaken July 2016. 13
3.0 SITE INSPECTION 3.1 Site Visit: Field Methods A site visit was conducted by Christienne Uchiyama (P376) on July 6, 2016. Permission to access the property was granted by the owner. Weather on the day of the site visit was hot and sunny. Visibility was excellent. The entire Study Area was systematically assessed and documented. The surrounding property was assessed from public Right-of-Ways. A photographic record, notes and site plan were prepared as part of the site visit. All notes and photographs taken as part of the site visit will be stored and curated at the North York office of Chris Uchiyama Heritage. 3.2 Site Visit: Findings The Study Area comprises the Town landfill and adjacent Town-owned land. The landfill site currently consists of 6.0 hectares of fill area within the 44.76 hectare property. The waste footprint is limited to build on a large hill on the site with a roughly pyramidal shape, approximately 14 m in height (Photo 1). Additional waste diversion facilities included on the site are as follows: An area for composting of kitchen organics, leaf and yard waste, and other organics (Photo 2); A public drop off area; and, A waste transfer station for cardboard, scrap metal, and construction and demolition waste. Landfill infrastructure on the site includes a road system (paved, dirt, and gravel) to access various activity areas (Photo 3), several small, shed-like structures, an office, and scales (Photo 4). In addition to the landfill infrastructure and waste areas, the property includes wetlands (Photo 5), forested areas (Photo 6), and agricultural fields (Photos 7 and 8). The current landfill-activity area is bounded by a ring road. Visual assessment of this area confirmed that it has been subject to extensive and recent disturbance. Mechanical test-pit excavation, undertaken for other aspects of the EA process, further confirm the disturbed nature of this area. 26 26 Perth Landfill Test Pit Logs, May 17, 2016. Records on file with the Town of Perth and R.J. Burnside & Associates. 14
4.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS Based on background research, a review of current and historical aerial imagery, and the site inspection, it was concluded that undeveloped portions of the Study Area exhibit archaeological potential. Figure 9 shows locations of archaeological potential within the Study Area. Table 2: Checklist for Determining Archaeological Potential Features and characteristics indicating archaeological potential Yes No Unknown / other Registered archaeological site within 300m of property Physical Features Potable water/watercourse within 300m of property Primary water source (e.g. lake, river) Secondary water source (e.g. stream, swamp, marsh, spring) Past water source (e.g. relic watercourse, former beach ridge) Distinctive topographical features on property Pockets of sandy soil in a clay or rocky area on property Distinctive land formations on property Cultural Features Known burial or cemetery site on or adjacent to property Food or scarce resource harvest area on property Indications of early Euro-Canadian settlement within 300m of property Early historic transportation routes within 100m of property Property-specific Information Property is included on Municipal Register under the Ontario Heritage Act Local knowledge of archaeological potential of property X X X X X X X X X X X X X Recent (post-1960) and extensive ground disturbance Portions 15
5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS The preliminary design concept indicates that the majority of new landfill infrastructure will be constructed within areas of existing disturbance (Figure 10). Given the extensive and recently disturbed nature of these areas, they do not exhibit potential for previously undiscovered archaeological resources. However, one section of the Study Area, a rectangular parcel of agricultural land measuring approximately 1000m 2, has been determined to exhibit archaeological potential (Figure 10). This area is situated to the north of the existing landfill, in the agricultural fields currently known as the Darou Farm. It is proposed as a possible location of a stormwater management pond. Given that the surficial geology of this area has not been extensively and recently disturbed, it exhibits the potential for previously undiscovered archaeological resources (per Standards and Guidelines 1.3.2); furthermore the area is located in proximity to early Euro-Canadian settlement of the local area and an historic transportation route (Standards and Guidelines 1.3.1). Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment is recommended to be undertaken in this portion of the property (Figure 11), and any other previously undeveloped areas that might be subject to project-related ground disturbance, should the design concept be altered. The purpose of a Stage 2 AA is to determine whether a property contains archaeological resources through on-site survey (generally, systematic pedestrian survey of ploughed fields or test pit survey). Because the area of archaeological potential has been cultivated in the past, a pedestrian survey is the recommended survey method. Prior to a pedestrian survey the field must be ploughed and disked and allowed to weather for one heavy or several light rains, in order to improve visibility of archaeological resources. At least 80% of the ploughed ground surface must be visible. The pedestrian survey is undertaken by slowly walking across the field at 5 m intervals (maximum) and surveying the ground for archaeological resources and features. If archaeological resources are located, the survey interval is decreased to 1 m over a minimum 20 m radius around the find, in order to determine if it is an isolated find, or part of a larger scatter. All formal types and diagnostic categories are collected; although, depending on the nature of a scatter, some artifacts may be left in situ to help relocate the site if further assessment is warranted. It is further recommended that Stage 2 AA of the property be undertaken following the completion of the Environmental Screening Report and approval of the design concept under the EPA and OWRA, in order to ensure that Stage 2 AA encompasses all areas of the property which will be affected by the final design. 16
6.0 ADVICE ON COMPLIANCE WITH LEGISLATION This report is submitted to the Minister of Tourism, Culture and Sport as a condition of licensing in accordance with Part VI of the Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c O.18. The report is reviewed to ensure that it complies with the standards and guidelines that are issued by the Minister, and that the archaeological fieldwork and report recommendations ensure the conservation, protection and preservation of the cultural heritage of Ontario. When all matters relating to archaeological sites within the project area of a development proposal have been addressed to the satisfaction of the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport, a letter will be issued by the ministry stating that there are no further concerns with regard to alterations to archaeological sites by the proposed development. It is an offence under Sections 48 and 69 of the Ontario Heritage Act for any party other than a licensed archaeologist to make any alteration to a known archaeological site or to remove any artifact or other physical evidence of past human use or activity from the site, until such a time as a licensed archaeologist has completed archaeological fieldwork on the site, submitted a report to the Minister stating that the site has no further cultural heritage value or interest, and the report has been filed in the Ontario Public Register of Archaeological Reports referred to in Section 65.1 of the Ontario Heritage Act. Should previously undocumented archaeological resources be discovered, they may be a new archaeological site and therefore subject to Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The proponent or person discovering the archaeological resources must cease alteration of the site immediately and engage a licensed consultant archaeologist to carry out archaeological fieldwork, in compliance with Section 48 (1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The Cemeteries Act, R.S.O. 1990 c. C.4 and the Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act, 2002, S.O. 2002, c.33 (when proclaimed in force) require that any person discovering human remains must notify the police or coroner and the Registrar of Cemeteries at the Ministry of Consumer Services. 17
7.0 CLOSURE This report has been prepared by Letourneau Heritage Consulting for R.J. Burnside & Associates Limited on behalf of their client, the Town of Perth. Any use of this report by a third party is the responsibility of said third party. Special risks occur whenever archaeological investigations are applied to identify subsurface conditions and even a comprehensive investigation, sampling and testing program may fail to detect all or certain deeply buried archaeological resources. In the event that unexpected, deeply buried archaeological resources are encountered advice on compliance with legislation outlined in Section 9 should be followed. In the event that such a discovery should occur, I will be available to answer any questions you may have. Christienne Uchiyama, M.A. (P376) Archaeologist and Heritage Consultant Associate, Letourneau Heritage Consulting Inc. 18
8.0 SOURCES Bennett, Carol and D.W. McCuiag. In Search of Lanark. Renfrew, Ontario: Renfrew Advance Limited. 1980. Dyer, Trish, Perth scissor company trying to cut into foreign markets, Ottawa Citizen May 27, 1986. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cr8yaaaaibaj&sjid=lo8faaaaibaj&pg=1351%2c3266537 H. Belden & Co. Lanark Supplement in Illustrated atlas of the Dominion of Canada. Toronto : H. Belden & Co. 1880. Hoffman, D.W., M.H. Miller and R.E. Wicklund, The Soils of Lanark County Ontario, Report No. 40 of the Ontario Soil Survey Ontario, Toronto and Ottawa: Ontario Department of Agriculture and Food and Canada Department of Agriculture, 1967. ICOMOS, 2011, Guidance on Heritage Impact Assessments for Cultural World Heritage Properties. International Council on Monuments and Sites. Paris, France. Kim Whytock & Associates Inc. Visitor Experience Opportunities Concept for the Rideau Canal Heritage Corridor. 2013. Lanark County. Lanark County Community Vision and County Strategic Plan. Perth: Lanark County, 2005. Lanark County. Lanark County Sustainable Communities Official Plan. Perth: Lanark County, 2013. Lanark Land Registry Office (LRO 27). Title Abstracts. Lots 26, 27 (northeast and southwest halves) and 28 (northeast and southwest halves), Concession 10, in the Geographic Township of Elmsley North, Lanark County. ---. Instrument 2B-296. ---. 27R-24. A reference plan July 28, 1969, being Part of Lot 26. Designated as Parts 3, 4, 5, 6. ---. 27R-55. A reference plan April 10, 1970, being Parts 1-15. ---. 27R-120. A reference plan March 19, 1973, being Part of Lot 28. ---. 27R-229. A reference plan December 19, 1973, being Part of Lot 26. ---. 27R-283. A reference plan April 23, 1974, being Part of Lot 28. ---. 27R-375. A reference plan August 19, 1974, being Part of Lot 28. ---. 27R-486. A reference plan January 15, 1975, being part of lot 26. McPherson, Malcolm, D.P.S. Sketch of the Proposed Line of Road from the Rideau to the Boncher [Bonnèchere] showing the old Road and the alterations made by Malcolm McPherson, D.P.S. April 1846. N. Elmsley Township north to Bagot and McNab Townships. NMC14281.1846. McGill, Jean S. A Pioneer History of the County of Lanark. Toronto: T.H. Best Printing Company Limited. 1968. McTaggert, John. Surveyor s Description of the Lower Tay River ca 1828 (from Port Elmsley to Perth), an excerpt from Three Years in Canada. Accessed on Perth & District Historical Society webpage July 2016 at http://www.perthhs.org/documents/surveyorreport1828.pdf. Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. Screening for Impact to Built Heritage and Cultural Heritage Landscapes. Toronto: Queen s Printer. 2010. ---. Site Data Search, PastPortal. Search undertaken July 2016. 19
MMM. Tourism Master Plan for the County of Lanark. 1988. National Air Photo Library A11457 166. May 18, 1948. A18523 100. August 6, 1964. A27133. June 18, 1987. Parks Canada. 2005. Rideau Canal World Heritage Site Management Plan. Ottawa: Parks Canada. ---. 2006. Rideau Canal National Historic Site Management Plan. Ottawa: Parks Canada. ---. 2011. Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada. Ottawa: Parks Canada. ---. 2012. Rideau Waterway: 2000 2012, Canadian Heritage River Monitoring Report. Ottawa: Parks Canada. Prytula, Karen. History Has Left the Building, Paper presented at Carleton University Heritage Conservation Symposium, Ottawa, March 28, 2016 http://carleton.ca/heritage-conservation-symposium/wpcontent/uploads/prytula_historyleftbuilding.pdf. R.J. Burnside & Associates Limited. Phase 1 Environmental Screening Report for the Expansion of the Town of Perth Landfill, Town of Perth. Report prepared for the Town of Perth, February 2016. Shortt, Edward, editor. Perth Remembered. Perth, Ontario: Mortimer Ltd. 1967. Town of Perth. Town of Perth Official Plan. Perth: Town of Perth, 2000. ---. Town of Perth Economic Development Strategic Plan. Perth: Town of Perth, 2013. ---. Town of Perth Strategic Plan 2022 Update. Perth: Town of Perth, May 26, 2015. ---. Warren Hollis begins Adaptive Reuse of the Barn at 2845 Rideau Ferry Road, press release dated January 5, 2016, http://perth.civicwebcms.com/sites/perth.civicwebcms.com/files/media/news%20release%20- %20Warren%20Hollis%20Begins%20Adaptive%20Reuse%20of%20Barn%20at%202845%20Rideau%20F erry%20road%20-05jan2015.pdf. ---. Perth Landfill Test Pit Logs, May 17, 2016. Records on file with the Town of Perth and R.J. Burnside & Associates. Township of Drummond/ North Elmsley. Township of Drummond/ North Elmsley Official Plan. Perth: Township of Drummond/ North Elmsley, 2012. Turner, Larry. Perth: Tradition & Style in Eastern Ontario. Toronto: Natural Heritage/Natural History Inc. 1992. Unknown. Military settlements of Upper Canada. NMC15712. [1820]. 20
Walling, H.F. Map of the counties of Lanark and Renfrew, Canada West: from the actual surveys under the direction of H.F. Walling. Toronto: D.P. Putnam. NMC21920. Accessed July 2016 at Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library http://maps.bpl.org/id/19254. 1863. The World Heritage Committee. (2007). Decisions Adopted at the 31 st Session of the World Heritage Committee. Decision: 31 COM 8B.35. Christchurch, New Zealand. Legislation and Regulation Environmental Assessment Act Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act Regulation 30/11 Ontario Heritage Act Ontario Heritage Act Regulation 9/06 Planning Act (Ontario) Provincial Policy Statement (2014) 21
9.0 IMAGES Photo 1: 14m waste footprint, viewed from the top of the pyramidal mound (ML 2016) Photo 2: Composting and kitchen organics area (left) with 14m waste area (right) (ML 2016) 22
Photo 3: Road around the landfill (ML 2016) Photo 4: Administrative office building (ML 2016) 23
Photo 5: Wetland surrounding landfill to the west and north (ML 2016) Photo 6: Forested area surrounding landfill (ML 2016) 24
Photo 7: Fallow field north of landfill (ML 2016) Photo 8: Agricultural fields surrounding landfill, viewed from Rideau Ferry Road (ML 2016) 25
10.0 MAPS Figure 1: Location of Town of Perth, Ontario (Land Information Ontario 2016) 26
Figure 2: Project Location, Study Area (red) and 500m Bufferzone (orange), Environmental Screening Report, Study Area (R.J. Burnside, 2015). 27
Figure 3: Detail of a Map of the District of Bathurst showing Perth and River Tay (LAC NMC 15712). 28
Figure 4: Detail from 1846 Sketch of a proposed road from the Rideau to the Bonnechere (NMC14281). 29
Figure 5: Detail of 1863 Walling map of Lanark and Renfrew Counties (Walling, 1863). 30
Figure 6: Detail of 1880 historical atlas (Belden, 1880). 31
Figure 7: 1948 Air photo showing portion of Study Area (NAPL A11457 166). Figure 8: 1964 Air Photo showing Study Area (NAPL A18523 100) 32
Figure 9: Areas of Archaeological Potential 33
Figure 10: Preliminary Design Concept (R.J. Burnside, 2016) 34
Figure 11: Location of area requiring Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment (Base Map Source: R.J. Burnside, 2016). 35
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